The custom of exchanging oranges during the Spring Festival is popular in Guangdong, China, which is closely related to the culture of the Chinese nation. In the folk, people are used to writing orange characters, which are very similar to auspicious characters. In the Spring Festival, people give oranges to each other for good luck, hoping that in the new year, small oranges can become people's amulets.
Usually, when a woman visits relatives and friends for New Year's greetings, she will prepare some oranges and carry them in a basket as New Year's gifts, and these are the gifts she gives back.
In Haifeng, Guangdong, the younger generation kowtows to their elders when they pay New Year greetings, while the elders wrap money in red paper or give them oranges. Like the customs all over China, young people pay tribute to their elders when they pay New Year greetings. As for what food to eat for young people, it is natural to choose items that children love and have auspicious significance. So choose oranges as this kind of food with special significance. As for giving red envelopes, it is to let children buy what they like to eat and play, and later it was changed to simplify the procedures. Although the meaning is the same, it is still not as meaningful as traditional oranges.
In Chaozhou, people call oranges "big oranges", and its homonym is "good luck". Therefore, people should bring oranges to relatives' homes for the New Year, and the host will exchange his big oranges with those brought by the guests, so as to be friendly to each other and have good luck. If the children of family A beat and scold the children of family B during the Spring Festival, family A must send a pair of oranges to make amends, and parents of family A don't blame their children. The second family accepted oranges and forgave the children of the first family. This shows that family B has suffered an unlucky struggle. If family A is lucky enough to give it to family B, nothing unlucky will happen to the children of family B and family B this year.
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Drinking herbal tea is also a perennial habit of Guangzhou people. The so-called herbal tea refers to the Chinese herbal medicine which is cold in nature and can eliminate internal heat. After boiling, it is used as a drink to eliminate the sore throat caused by summer heat or winter dryness in the human body. Guangzhou has a long history of herbal tea, and there are many kinds of herbal tea, including Wang Laoji herbal tea, Sanhutang herbal tea, Huang Zhenlong herbal tea, Dashenggong herbal tea, Shi Qi herbal tea, 24-flavor herbal tea, cucurbit tea, healthy herbal tea, honeysuckle flower tea, bitter gourd herbal tea and even turtle paste soup, sashimi and cabbage soup, carrots and bamboo cane water. It has become a traditional old-fashioned herbal tea that Guangzhou people love. Wang Lao Ji's most famous herbal tea has always been admired by Guangzhou people. After 1980s, various kinds of herbal tea granules and soft-packed herbal tea came into being. Shennong herbal tea and Xiasangju tea have become fashionable drinks for many families in summer. Drinking Morning Tea Guangzhou people like to drink tea, especially morning tea. When we meet in the morning, we often greet each other with "Have you had tea" (meaning "Have you had tea"), which shows our preference for tea. Drinking tea is a life custom of Guangzhou people. There is a folk proverb called "a pot of tea in the morning keeps the doctor away". When people in Guangzhou say drinking tea, they actually mean drinking tea in a teahouse (formerly called teahouse). Not only drink tea, but also eat snacks (as breakfast); Drink not only morning tea, but also afternoon tea and evening tea; Not only can you fill your stomach, but you can also spread news, talk about friendship and negotiate business. It can be seen that drinking tea in Guangzhou is actually a social way. This is also the important and fundamental reason why the teahouse industry in Guangzhou has been enduring for a hundred years. Among the time-honored restaurants in Guangzhou, quite a few were teahouses and teahouses of that year. People who drink tea in Guangzhou can be roughly divided into two categories: one is regular customers who must go to a fixed teahouse every morning, usually "one cup" (ribs rice) and "two pieces" (snacks), and most of these people are retired people; The other is drinking "tea worship", that is, drinking tea on rest days is not limited to "one cup or two", but calmly tasting various snacks and "sighing tea". There are three tea markets in Guangzhou every day: morning, noon and evening, among which the morning tea market is the most prosperous, and it is often crowded from early morning to eleven noon. Drinking tea at night is becoming more and more prosperous, especially in midsummer. While drinking tea, listen to opera singing and enjoy air conditioning. Morning tea in Guangzhou usually opens at 4 am, and evening tea doesn't close until 1-2 am the next morning. Drinking "Kung Fu Tea" Guangzhou people like to drink "Kung Fu Tea" in their leisure time. Drinking "Kung Fu Tea" used to be popular in Chaoshan area, but now it is also popular in Guangzhou. "Kung Fu tea" is very particular about tea set, tea, water quality, tea making, tea pouring and drinking. Kung fu teapot is very small, only the size of a fist, with thin-walled porcelain, and the tea in the pot is faintly visible. This cup is only half as big as table tennis. Tea is oolong tea. Fill the pot with tea and press it hard with your fingers. It is said that the more pressed, the stronger and more mellow the tea is. The water is preferably precipitated water or mineral water. When making tea, you should immediately pour the freshly boiled water into the pot and pour it out once or twice at the beginning. When pouring tea, you should keep pouring it back and forth to avoid the situation of being strong before and weak after. When drinking tea, talk about everything while drinking tea. What's this called? Quot Kung Fu "Drinking Sugar Water Guangzhou people like to drink sugar water all year round. It is considered that syrup made of some medicinal materials, beans, fruits and flour products with sugar has the effects of clearing away heat and relieving summer heat, promoting fluid production and benefiting the body. There are many varieties of sugar water: beans include red bean paste, mung bean paste and plum bean paste; There are sesame paste, almond paste, peanut paste and phoenix milk paste; Medicinal materials include lily syrup, lotus seed syrup and Qingbuliang syrup; There are also stewed eggs, stewed papaya, sweet potato syrup, Ma Rong soup pills, egg milk, ginger milk, candied sago, soybean milk, tofu flower and so on. After the sugar water is boiled, it is a hot drink; What you drink after freezing is a cold drink, which is often connected with the ice room (a cold drink shop that supplies ice cream, soda, beer, etc.). The most famous one in Guangzhou is the Taiping Pavilion Ice Room on Beijing Road. Midnight snack is a life custom of Guangzhou people, usually after 10 in the evening, hence the name "midnight snack" or "midnight snack". The way of midnight snack varies from person to person: some people cook by themselves at night; Some alone or invited three or five close friends to eat at street food stalls or night markets in teahouses and restaurants, thus gradually forming a number of "night market food streets" in the city and "night market" teahouses in various teahouses and hotels. The night market in the teahouse often has a music teahouse to attract diners. After the Spring Festival, all walks of life like to choose a good day to start work. Fireworks were set off in front of the workplace that day. On the day of construction, farmers in mountainous areas will put incense sticks in the fields to worship the gods, hoe a few hoes in the fields to show the formal construction, and then set off firecrackers for good luck. Neighborhood helpers Whenever farmers in Sha Tin build houses or hold weddings, their new relatives and neighbors usually take the initiative to help, and then the host family will provide meals without paying attention. People in dry pond culture can catch the big fish in the pond and drain it. Anyone can go down and catch the remaining fish and shrimp, and the owner of the pond doesn't mind at all. Women in Sha Tin District like to wear a towel to cover their heads when they are working, calling this towel a tendon cloth. Women in mountainous areas wrap their heads with cloth, which is called Baotou cloth. Women in Shatian District and some Tianmin District are used to wrapping aprons in front of their coats. Most aprons in Tian Min are made of small silver dollars, or embroidered on skirts with unique patterns; The apron in Sha Tin is relatively simple, but it is also decorated with silver dollars. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, the men in Xiangshan quickly cut off their long braids, put on flat-headed clothes and even shaved their heads, while people living in the city gradually kept their suits and called them "Citi clothes". Girls usually have long hair when they are four or five years old. Unmarried people tie their tails with red ropes, and then braid or tie them in a bun after marriage. After 1930s, rich people gradually developed perms, while ordinary people often inserted flat bone needles or iron "loose head clips". There has been no big change since the founding of the People's Republic of China, except that young women are happy to wear double braids. Since 1980s, more and more people have permed their hair, and they gradually pay attention to the diversification of hair styles. People in urban and rural areas in Zhongshan generally like drinking tea, drinking and eating snacks in their spare time. There are tea houses and restaurants in urban areas and market towns, some of which are open in the morning, noon and evening, and customers are constantly coming. In winter, many people like to sit around the fire and eat vegetables, tofu and all kinds of meat while cooking, including fish fillets, meat slices, viscera of various livestock and seafood. Residents in Shatian District also like to use dog meat and carp as side stoves. Eating insects is a wild soft caterpillar in Zhongshan rice field. They are rich in protein, fat, iron, phosphorus and various vitamins. They are delicious and have always been loved by urban and rural residents. They regard them as delicious food on the table. There are many folk cooking methods, such as stir-frying, stewing, stewing, fresh worms, or dried worms pickling worm paste, or even farmers' spare dishes all the year round. Eating Dog Meat Both urban and rural residents in Zhongshan like to eat dog meat, but the cooking methods vary from place to place, and most of them use mung beans to cook first and then stew. Xiaolan people also like to use dog meat as a side stove. Wealthy families among urban and rural residents like to eat snake food in winter. There are so-called "three-snake stew" (three snakes refer to poisonous snakes such as golden foot belt, rice shovel head and banyan tree crossing), "dragon-tiger-phoenix stew" (that is, snakes, cats and chickens are cooked together), Longfeng soup (old hen cooks snakes), water snake peanut soup (porridge) and so on. Rural residents in mountainous areas like to eat voles. Microtus fortis is a pest in rice fields, with yellow hair and much meat. Farmers fish in autumn and winter, and the wax is dried vole, which tastes delicious. Some also use black beans and ginger to make soup. There are a large number of domestic ducks and wild ducks in Zhongshan rural area, both of which have good meat quality. Residents in Sha Tin stew the whole duck in a pot, commonly known as "Liao Duck", while people in Tian mostly stew the duck with ginger, and the bar is used to cook the famous Zhongshan dish "Wang Ba Duck". Shi Qi residents like to make duck soup with wax gourd, barley and lotus leaves in summer. In autumn and winter, people like to pickle preserved duck with sweet and delicious meat. Snail-eating, snail-eating, snail-eating, snail-eating and snail-eating exist in a large number in the landscape network area, and residents generally like to eat them. Hao Cheng? What's the point?
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Winter solstice is one of the 24 solar terms of the lunar calendar, in winter. In ancient times, China attached great importance to the Winter Solstice Festival and had the habit of greeting people with his head. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty said: "Around the Winter Solstice, gentlemen were quiet and motionless, and hundreds of officials refused to listen to politics. They chose auspicious days and then saved trouble." "Hanshu" said: "The sun shines on the winter solstice, so congratulations." The ancients believed that from winter to the future, the days became longer and the sun rose, which was an auspicious day and worth celebrating. Today, in some areas, there is still a saying that "the solstice in winter is the New Year". Hakkas call the winter solstice "winter festival" and "sub-festival".
Hakka people in different regions have different customs about the solstice in winter. In the Hakka area of Guangdong, there are many ancestral temples in the county town on the solstice of winter. For example, the ancestral temple in Xingning County is very lively. A song says: "The end of the month is the solstice festival in winter, and the ancestral temple is full of scenery. Everyone has a surname, and pigs and sheep come to sacrifice. Although there is no ancestral temple, they can do well. He makes a fortune every day, and I make the main sacrifice. " On this day, Hakka families make glutinous rice cakes, "betray pills", kill chickens to worship their ancestors, and the family reunites, commonly known as "adding years". Guangdong Hakka dialect "Maru" is homophonic with "Yuan" and "Chicken" is homophonic with "Home", so it means "Reunion" and "Good Home". Interestingly, Hakka people in southern Jiangxi pay homage to their ancestors on the solstice in winter, just like Tomb-Sweeping Day. Hakka people in western Fujian have a saying that the solstice in winter is as big as a year, and they always make some seasonal foods, such as glutinous rice cakes, to celebrate this festival. It also steamed dry food, dried taro, rice skin and piled rice crumbs for collection, which is called "winter crumbs". Changting called it "the year of winter". By this time, the farmers had finished the harvest of that year. In order to celebrate the harvest, every family held a feast, eating tonic and nourishing food. Mainly stewed angelica, acanthopanax bark, prepared rehmannia root, codonopsis pilosula and the like on pig's trotters or stewed tonics on roosters, and also ate dog meat.
There is a popular saying: "The solstice in winter is long and short, and the solstice in summer is short and long." The solstice in winter is the shortest day in a year. There are two main customs in winter solstice. First, tonic. The villagers believe that the solstice in winter is the best tonic season, and this day is the most effective one. The villagers' first choice for tonic is dog meat. They generally believe that dog meat is the most tonic and has high therapeutic and medicinal value. For Hakka people in mountainous areas where the mountains are high and the water is cold, and medical drugs are relatively scarce, dog meat does have many temptations. In my hometown, there is a saying that "young dogs tonify the kidney, middle dogs tonify the blood, and old dogs get rid of rheumatism". Another reason is that dog meat is delicious. No matter what you do, it smells good, which makes people feel excited and have an appetite. There is a saying that "dog meat rolls three times, and the gods can't stand it." Therefore, on the solstice of winter, most villagers will buy puppies and slaughter them, and use dog meat with some Chinese medicines such as angelica, codonopsis pilosula, radix rehmanniae preparata, astragalus and ginseng. Stew or stew, eat them, they must get up in the morning to take them. There are also some villagers who stew with tonics such as pig's trotters and cocks. Second, brew rice wine to make bacon flavor. Hometown people think that the spring water that comes after winter is winter water. Food made in winter water can be preserved for a long time, and it is not easy to deteriorate, and tofu made in winter water is not easy to get insects. Therefore, on the solstice of winter, most people wash the altar to cook rice wine, kill chickens and ducks to make bacon, soak beans and grind beans to make tofu milk, pick vegetables and wash pickles. Housewives are very busy outside, and the whole mountain village is full of lively atmosphere of winter solstice.
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