Xunzi's Warring States thinker
The gentleman said: Learning is not enough.
green, from blue, and green is blue; Ice, water for it, but colder than water. Wood is straight in the rope, and it is a wheel, and its curve is in the gauge. Although there is a crisis, those who no longer stand up will make it happen. Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, the gold is sharp and beneficial, and the gentleman is knowledgeable and saves himself every day, so he knows clearly and does nothing wrong.
I think all day long, so it's better to learn in an instant. I've tasted it and looked forward to it. It's better to climb the mountain and see it. Climb high and recruit, the arm is not lengthened, but the person who sees it is far away; Call with the wind, the sound is not added to the disease, but the listener is obvious. Those who cheat on horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; He who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim. A gentleman's life is not different, and good is false in things.
the accumulation of soil makes mountains, and the wind and rain flourish; Little drops of water make an ocean, the dragon is born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, while the gods are complacent and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, if you don't accumulate steps, you won't be able to travel thousands of miles; If you don't accumulate small streams, you can't make rivers and seas. Leap, not ten steps; It's a great contribution to the success of Xu Ma. Perseverance, rotten wood does not fold; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. Earthworms have no advantage of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow earth, and they are also attentive. The crab kneels six times and pinches two times. It is not the snake's hole that has no sustenance, but it is also impetuous.
2. On the Qin Dynasty
Cao Yi, a political commentator and writer in the Western Han Dynasty
Even to the first emperor, he courageously struggled for the sixth time, and he conquered the interior of the palace, swallowed the princes for two weeks, followed the supreme rule of Liuhe, flogged the world by beating and flapping, and shocked the whole world. Take the land of Baiyue in the south, thinking that Guilin and Xiangjun; The king of Baiyue bowed his head and tied his neck, and appointed officials. It is to make Meng Tian build the Great Wall in the north and keep the fence, but the Xiongnu is more than 7 miles; Hu people dare not go south to herd horses, while scholars dare not bow and complain. Therefore, Wang Zhidao was abolished first, and the words of a hundred schools were burned. A famous city, killing heroes; Take the soldiers of the world, gather in Xianyang, sell the dysprosium, and cast it as twelve golden people to weaken the people of the world. Then, Huawei City will be built, because the river is a pool, and according to the city of 1 million feet, it is considered solid because of the unexpected abyss. A good general will guard the key points with a strong crossbow, and a loyal minister will be Chen Libing. The world has been decided, and the emperor's heart began, and he thought that Guanzhong was solid, and Jincheng was thousands of miles away, and the descendants of emperors would have a career forever.
since there was no emperor at the beginning, I was shocked by the extraordinary customs. However, Chen She's son, Weng Huan's rope pivot, was a self-protection official, while the emigrant was also; Talent is not as good as the middleman, not the sages of Zhong Ni and Mo Zhai, the wealth of Tao Zhu and Yi Dun; Treadly between the ranks, and stubborn in the buildings, the rate of exhaustion of the disadvantages of the pawn, hundreds of people, turned to attack Qin; Cutting wood for soldiers, uncovering poles for flags, the world gathered to respond, winning grain and following the scene. Shandong Haojun rose together and died of the Qin family.
besides, the world is not small and weak, and the land of Yongzhou is solid and self-sufficient. Chen She's position is not respected by Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. Hoe the thorns, not the long shovel of the hook; The garrison is not a teacher against the nine countries; Foresight and foresight, the way to March with troops, not to the time for scholars. However, success or failure is different, and the opposite is true. Try to make the country of Shandong and Chen She grow bigger and bigger, and we can't talk in the same year. However, the Qin Dynasty, with its mere land, has become a trend of thousands of times, and it has been more than a hundred years since the eight states were in the same row. Then take Liuhe as the home and the letter as the palace; It's no use crying over spilt milk, but it's hard to be alone. The tendency of attacking and defending is different when benevolence and righteousness are not applied.
3. Teacher said
Su Shi, an advocate of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty, called it "the decline of eight generations of literature"
Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and accept the industry to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can be without doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, it will be confusing, and you will never understand it. Before I was born, I learned the Tao before I was born, so I learned from it. After I was born, I learned the Tao first, so I learned from it. I'm a teacher, and I don't know that my years were born in me. Therefore, there is nothing expensive or cheap, nothing long or little, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers also exist.
hehe! It's been a long time since the teacher's way was passed down! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sage, who is also far away, is still asking questions from the teacher; Today's people are far from being saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Therefore, the sage is beneficial to the sage, and the fool is beneficial to the fool. What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will be ashamed and confused. The boy's teacher, who teaches the book and learns its sentences, is not what I call a person who tells his story and solves his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. Scholar-officials' families, who call their teachers disciples Yun, get together and laugh. When asked, he said, "He is similar to that year, and his way is similar. His humble position is full of shame, and his official position is close to admiration. "alas! It is clear that the teacher's way is gone. Witch doctors are skilled musicians, and a gentleman is contemptuous. Today, his wisdom is beyond his reach, which is strange and embarrassing!
saints are impermanent teachers. Confucius studied with Tanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. The disciples of the scorpion are not as wise as Confucius. Confucius said: if you have a threesome, you must have a teacher. Therefore, disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good knowledge of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
Li Zipan, seventeen years old, is good at classical Chinese, and all the six arts are well-known in Xi Zhi. He is not limited to the time, and he learns from the rest. Yu Jiaqi can walk the ancient road and write "Shi Shuo" to make it last.
4. Epang Palace is endowed with
Du Muzi Mu Zhi, whose name is, a writer in Fan Chuan in the late Tang Dynasty.
Six kings are bi, one in the four seas, one in the Shu Mountains, and one in Epang. Overpressure more than three hundred miles, isolated from the sun. Mount Li is constructed in the north and folded in the west, and goes straight to Xianyang. Erchuan dissolves and flows into the palace wall. Five steps to the first floor, ten steps to a pavilion; The corridor waist is back, and the eaves are high; Hold the terrain, intrigue. There are thousands of waves of water in the hive. Long bridge lies on the waves, what is the dragon without clouds? After the road is empty, don't you blame He Hong? High and low, I don't know the west and the east. The singing platform is warm and the spring is harmonious; The dance hall is cold-sleeved, windy and rainy, in one day, between palaces, and the climate is uneven.
concubines, the prince's grandson, resigned from the downstairs hall and came to Qin. Singing songs at night, for the people of Qin Gong. The stars are shining, and the makeup mirror is also open; Lv Yun disturbing, comb Xiao Huan also; The nutrient-laden flow is greasy, and the fat water is abandoned; Smoke slanting fog horizontal, burning pepper orchid also, thunder suddenly surprised, palace car also; I don't know what I'm doing when I'm listening from afar. One muscle, one capacity, is extremely beautiful, standing far-sighted, and looking lucky; There are 36 years to hide. The collection of Yanzhao, the management of Han and Wei, and the elite of Qi and Chu have plundered their people for several generations, leaning on mountains; Once you can't have it, lose it. Tinkling jade, gold nuggets and pebbles, abandoning throwing, are regarded by Qin people, and they are not very precious.
hehe! The heart of one person, the heart of thousands of people. Qin loves luxury, and people miss their homes. How can we use it like sand? Make the pillars of the negative building more than the farmers in Nanmu; There are more rafters on the beam than workers and women on the plane; Onion phosphorus, more than millet in Yu; The joints of the tiles are uneven, more than the silk of the whole body; Straight columns and horizontal sills are more than the battlements of nine soils; Orchestral string vomiting dumb, more than the words of the city people. Make people all over the world dare not speak and dare to be angry. A single husband's heart is becoming more and more arrogant. Garrison soldiers call, letter valley lift, Chu people burn, poor scorched earth!
ouch! Those who destroy the six countries are also six countries, which are not Qin, and those who are Qin are Qin, which is not the world. Hey, husband! Making the six countries love each other is enough to refuse Qin; Those who make Qin love the six countries again will be handed over to the three generations to be the king forever, and who will win and the family will be destroyed? Qin people are overwhelmed with self-mourning, and later people mourn it; Later generations mourn and fail to learn from it, which also makes future generations mourn for future generations.
5. On the Six Kingdoms
Su Xun's words clearly indicated that the Northern Song Dynasty essayist
The Six Kingdoms were shattered, unless the soldiers were unfavorable and the war was not good. The disadvantage lies in bribing Qin. If you are guilty of Qin, you will lose your strength, and the way to ruin is also. Or: the six countries mourned each other and led the way to Qin? Yue: Those who don't bribe Qin will be mourned by those who bribe Qin. Gai lost strong support and could not finish it alone. Therefore, it is said that the disadvantages lie in the bribery of Qin.
in addition to the attack, the Qin dynasty won the city if it was small, and the city if it was big. Compared with the income of Qin dynasty, it is actually a hundred times more than those who have won the victory; In fact, the death of a vassal is a hundred times as great as that of a defeated one. Then the great desire of the Qin dynasty and the great trouble of the princes are not in the war. Think of my grandfather, expose frost and dew, and cut thorns to make room for size. Children and grandchildren do not cherish it very much, and give it to others, such as abandoning dirt. Cut five cities today, ten cities tomorrow, and then sleep for one night. Look around, and chi is here again. However, the vassal's land is limited, and the desire to violently attack Qin is insatiable, and the more complicated it is, the more urgent it is. Therefore, it has been decided to win or lose without fighting. As for subversion, it is reasonable to be reasonable. The ancients said, "To serve Qin with the land is better than carrying faggots to put out a fire, and the salary is endless, and the fire will not go out. This statement is true.
the people of qi never paid tribute to Qin, but they eventually moved out of the five kingdoms. what a pity! And won without helping the five countries. Since the five countries are lost, it is inevitable that they will be together. The prince of Yanzhao, from the beginning, is far away, can keep his soil, and is not loyal to Qin. Therefore, although Yan was a small country and then died, it was also effective to use troops. To Dan, taking Jing Qing as the plan, the disaster began quickly. Zhao tasted five battles in Qin, two defeats and three wins. After the Qin dynasty, Zhao was attacked again, but Li Mulian did it. Pasturing is greedy, Handan is the county, and it is regrettable that it uses force without ending. And when the Qin Dynasty in Yanzhao was completely destroyed, it can be said that the intelligence was lonely and dangerous, and it was a last resort to die after defeat. To make the three countries love their places, Qi people should not be attached to Qin, assassins can't, and good generals are still there, so the number of winners and losers, the principle of survival, is not easy to measure when compared with Qin.
ouch! I am afraid that the Qin people will not be able to swallow their food if I pay tribute to the advisers of the Qin dynasty, serve the wizards of the world with the heart of the Qin dynasty, and work hard in the west. Sad husband! With such a trend, it was robbed by the Qin people's accumulation of power, and the moon was cut off day by day, in order to tend to die. Those who serve the country are robbed by the accumulated power!
the six kingdoms of husband and Qin are vassals, and their potential is weaker than that of Qin, but they still have the potential to win without bribery. If the world is big, the story of breaking from six countries is that it is under six countries again.
6. The Story of Traveling to Baochan Mountain
Wang Anshi was a politician, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty.
He was flat and spacious, and there were many tourists, so-called Qiandong. From five or six miles above the mountain, there is a cave, and it is very cold. If you ask about its depth, you can't be poor, which is called the back hole. Yu and the four people embraced the fire to enter. The deeper they entered, the more difficult it was to enter, and the more strange it was. Those who are lazy and want to go out say, "If you don't go out, the fire will be exhausted. "Then all out with it. Gai Yu's journey is not eleven times better than that of a good traveler, but depending on his left and right, there are fewer people who come and remember it. The deeper you cover it, the less it will be. When the time is right, the strength is enough to enter, and the fire is enough to be bright. If it comes out, it may be blamed on the person who wants to come out, but I also regret that it will not be very enjoyable.
so I have a sigh. The ancient people's views on heaven and earth, mountains and rivers, vegetation, insects, fish, birds and beasts often have something to gain, and they seek for the depth of thinking without exception. If the husband is close, then the tourists will be numerous; The risks are far away, and the ones that come are few. However, the outlandish, magnificent and extraordinary views of the world often lie in the distance, but what people are lacking is difficult, so those who have a will can't come. If you are ambitious, you can't stop, but if you don't have enough strength, you can't get there. Aspiring to be powerful, but not lazy, as for the darkness and confusion, there is nothing to match it, and it can't be achieved. However, the strength is enough, and people can laugh at it, but they have regrets in themselves; Those who can't do what I want can have no regrets, so who can laugh at them? The rest of the income is also.
7. The Story of Shi Zhongshan
Su Shi
The Water Classic says, "The mouth of Peng Li has Shi Zhongshan. "Li yuan thought the next deep pool, the breeze drum waves, water and stone, sound like Hong Zhong. This statement, people often suspect it. Today, if you put your chin in the water, although the storm can't sound, the situation is stone! It was not until the Tang dynasty that Li Bo began to visit his remains that he got two stones on the pool, buckled and listened to it, and the sound in the south sounded Hu, and the sound in the north was clear and clear, and the fork stopped ringing and the aftertaste rested. I think I got it. He thought he had found the reason for the Shi Zhongshan. The sound of the stone is everywhere, and this is only named after the clock. Why?
in June of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Ding Chou, Yu Ziqi, An Zhouxing, went to visit you, while the eldest son Mai will go to Dexing, Rao, and send him to the mouth of the lake, so that he can see the so-called stone clock. The monk in the temple made the child hold an axe, and chose one or two buttons among the rocks. Yu Gu laughed and didn't believe it. By the evening the moon was bright, and the sumai was sitting in the boat below the broken wall. Thousands of feet stands on the side of the big stone, like a beast and a strange ghost, and he wants to fight people; And the storks perched on the mountain, and the sound of human voices also started up, and they burst into the clouds; If the old man coughs and laughs in the valley, it is also called the stork. I was Scared to go back, and suddenly a loud voice rang out from the water, and the sound was ringing like a ringing drums. The boatman was very frightened. Xu and examine it, then the mountain is full of stone caves, I don't know its depth, the microwave enters, and the culvert is faint. When the boat comes back between the two mountains, it will enter the harbor. There are big stones flowing in it, and it can seat 1 people. The air is full of tricks, and it is suffocating with feng shui, and there is a sound of boring cymbals, which is corresponding to those who are heading for it. Because he laughed, he said, "What do you know? Those who are stunned are those who have no shot from King Jing of Zhou, those who are bored with cymbals, and those who are bored with cymbals are the songs of Wei Zhuangzi. The ancients are not arrogant!
what's the matter, but guess whether it exists or not? What Li Yuan has seen and heard is almost the same as that of Yu Tong, but it is unknown. Scholar-officials refused to spend the night in a boat under the cliff, so they didn't know; The fisherman and the navy know but can't speak. This is why the world does not survive the name of the origin of Shi Zhongshan. However, the shallow people use an axe to knock stones to seek the reason for the name of the Shi Zhongshan, since they think they have been named after the truth. So I wrote down the past, and lamented the simplicity of Li daoyuan, and laughed at the shallow of Li Bo.
8. Fu on the Red Cliff
Su Shi
Autumn is endless, and in July, Su Zi and his guests are boating under the Red Cliff. The breeze blew gently, and the water was unable to reach the water. Raise the glass to toast to the companion, recite the article related to the moon, extolling the chapter. Little Yan, the moon rises above the East Mountain and lingers between bullfights. The milky fog runs across the surface of the river, and the clear water is connected to the sky. Let the boat be floating on the river of mangwubianji, across the vast expanse of the river. The vastness is like feng Xu's wind, and I don't know where it ends; Floating like a world of independence, feathering and becoming immortal.
So he was very happy to drink and sang. The song said, "Gui Gui is like a blue oar, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, looking at the beauty and looking at the sky. "The guest has a flute player, leaning on the song and making peace with it. Its voice is full of resentment, longing, weeping and complaining, and the lingering sound is endless. Can make the dragon in the deep valley dance, can make the widow on a boat to hear tears.
Su Zi, in a sad mood, sat upright and asked the guest, "What is it?" The guest said, "There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are close to each other, and it is gloomy and gray. Is this not because Meng Dezhi is trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, and went downstream to the east. He was thousands of miles long, covered with flags, drank wine and sang poems across the river, and became a hero of the world. Now, where is he? My son and I are fishing on the river, and we are friends with fish and shrimp and elk, driving a boat with a leaf, and raising bottles to belong to each other. Sending ephemera to heaven and earth is a drop in the ocean. Mourn for a moment of my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River. Fly with flying fairy, hold the bright moon and end up long. I can't understand it suddenly, and my legacy is heard in hentai.
Su Zi said, "Do guests know about the water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; Those who are full of deficiency are like that, while those who die are not ebbing and flowing. Gai will look at it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; If you look at it from its unchangeable point of view, then things and I will be endless, but why envy it! Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, and if it is not mine, I will take it for nothing. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are heard by the ears, and the color of the eyes is inexhaustible. It is the endless hiding place of the creator, and my son and I are in the right place.
guests smile when they are happy, but it is better to wash their lamps. The dishes and the fruit were all eaten, leaving only the cup on the table in a mess. Sleeping in the boat with each other sleeping, I know that the horizon has been white.
9. Meng
The Book of Songs
Meng's cockroaches, holding cloth trade silk. When bandits come to trade silk, they come to seek for me. Sending a child involves Qi, as for Dunqiu. When I was a robber, I had no good media. There is no anger in the child, and autumn is a period.
take the other side of the cliff in order to return to the customs. I didn't see the resumption of customs, and I cried. Seeing the resumption of GATT, I was full of laughter and words. Er Buer, the body has no blame. Come with your car and bribe me to move.
at the end of the mulberry, its leaves are flourishing. In the nest, there is no mulberry! I am a woman, and I have nothing to worry about! It's fair to say that scholars are worried. You can't say that a woman is worried!
the mulberry has fallen. Its yellow and meteorite. Self-pity, poor at the age of three. Qi water soup, gradually car curtain dress. Women are also unhappy, and scholars do their best. Scholars are also extremely useless, and their virtues are two or three.