A good characteristic town is a space and industrial organization generated from the bottom up, while a poor characteristic town is often designated by the government for human planning, and the government makes great efforts to subsidize and catch up with the construction period. In Zhejiang, there is a film and television town in Hengdian, Dongyang, where there are Epang Palace, Yuanmingyuan, Daguan Garden and other famous gardens that have disappeared in Chinese history. Xu Wenrong, secretary of the local village branch, merged the production team and gradually formed the town. At present, 60% historical blockbusters and TV plays in China are produced here. It also attracts millions of tourists to visit every year, and its vitality is very good, and its assets have reached tens of billions. It is a self-organizing, bottom-up self-organizing planning and construction model. What farmers' interests, investors' interests, film and television drama writers' interests and so on. , all through "self-organization" to obtain a win-win result.
Second, * * * nature.
A good town has the nature of * * *. It can make up for the defects of the main city and play the role of "three repairs", such as the fund town located in Yuhuangshan, Hangzhou. Yuhuang Mountain is located in the West Lake Scenic Area. The surrounding environment of this land is beautiful, but it cannot be used for large-scale construction. First, it is a national scenic spot. Second, there are relics of the Southern Song Dynasty Palace underground, and there are famous Bagua fields nearby. The emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty also wanted to be close to the people and cultivated in Bagua field every year. After the reform and opening up, farmers have built many houses here, forming a market for living ceramics. Due to poor management, it has gradually become a "dirty, chaotic and poor" area of the city. Later, the market was banned and it was basically a wasteland. Some creative structures, considering that Zhejiang private economy wants to enter the capital market, the middle springboard is the fund, which has introduced 500 fund organizations to set up fund towns, and now it has a scale of 500 billion. This emerging "fund town" has played an irreplaceable role in the "three repairs" of this section of the city. The present environment is much better than the ceramic market, with less pollution and a beautiful and harmonious environment. Antique buildings, low-capacity office areas and patchwork garden layout will have a * * * effect on the surrounding landscape. This has restored the dilapidated fringe of the city into a very beautiful high-level community, which has produced great economic benefits. This is a successful case. Fund managers are under great psychological pressure. They need knowledge and a small fund town. They can get together often to boost their brains and relax.
Third, diversification.
This means that there are more kinds of town features. Such as local architectural features, unique industrial features, investment and management features. The more small town features, the more diversified space can be formed, and the diversified industrial model will produce very good ecological and economic benefits, because the entrepreneurial ecological chain is formed. However, the poor characteristic towns are single, the industrial model is similar to that of cities, and the resource conflicts are similar. For example, An Deyu Town on the edge of Chengdu was originally a simple real estate development zone with many vacant properties. Local farmers ask capable people to build it into a double-creation incubator. The first is to transform the appearance of the city and build a business incubator for young people. Houses will be rented at low rent, and supporting facilities such as maker space, venture capital institutions, cafes, teahouses, hospitals and schools will be gradually introduced. Farmers' double-creation incubators are stronger than those made by the government. Farmers will not make grand and artificial plans, but will keep a close eye on the actual needs of makers and continue to "fill the shortcomings". As a result, they will form a maker's paradise in a "self-organized" way.
Fourth, strong connection.
The (energy) value of any network is directly proportional to the quality and quantity of nodes and the connection strength between them. Characteristic towns are equal to good towns or industrial network nodes. It needs a strong connection with the outside world, and all kinds of strong connections will make it produce some kind of "anti-magnetic force". If a certain aspect of a small town is strongly anti-magnetomechanical effect, this effect is a necessary way for a good characteristic town to attract external resources, otherwise it will be difficult to survive because of the loss of resources. Poor characteristic towns only have "weak magnetomechanical effect" or even no "magnetism", which is because they are not strongly connected with the main city or have poor single function. Like Sleeping Town near Beijing, although the local government and farmers made a lot of money from land auction, they did not "oppose magnetism" with the main city in terms of industry, and they would lack the ability of sustainable development. A successful case is Anren Town near Chengdu, which has a small area, but has 35 museums and 27 Confucius halls. It has gathered local folk handicraft producers such as dyeing cloth, wood art, embroidery and wine making, and has become the largest cultural and creative base in Sichuan. China is a big manufacturing country, which needs to change from China manufacturing to China design and China manufacturing. Intelligent design and intellectual development, this is a great new long March. Let people's intelligence be transformed into design results. At this time, a large number of templates are needed to learn and learn from the West. China Academy of Fine Arts in Hangzhou has produced such a master as Wang Shu. At that time, it took tens of millions to buy thousands of Bauhaus handicraft models in Germany for students to imitate and learn. In order to realize the transformation of industrialization from manufacturing to design, it is necessary to establish a learning platform.
Fifth, industrial clusters.
That is, the highly detailed division of labor and cooperation between enterprises, this model has caused clusters, which are self-organizing systems, and clusters in turn will create the self-organizing characteristics of small towns. Professor Peter of Harvard University wrote in his masterpiece "National Competitiveness": "The competitiveness of a country or region is often determined by those geographical mosaics, not by those macro indicators. What are these mosaics? It is an enterprise cluster, and enterprises of an industry gather in one place. The high division of labor and cooperation between them has produced super-high economic efficiency and great innovation vitality. This kind of cluster is geographically insignificant, but it will become the most important element of the competitiveness of a region and even a country. This is also one of the reasons why Guangdong and Zhejiang, which are widely clustered, are more developed than the three northeastern provinces. The industries in the three northeastern provinces used to be "big and complete" single giants from the Soviet Union, which stifled the growth space of small and medium-sized clusters. Many enterprises in Guangdong, Zhejiang and other coastal provinces have a division of labor in sales and parts production from the beginning. The combination of multi-level division of labor is very strong, because they are formed by "self-organization". These "small sections" in the south first made the big, comprehensive and giant industries in the north lose in the competition, including robots, CNC machine tools and other industries with traditional advantages in the three northeastern provinces transferred to the south. Now the most competitive robots are in Dongguan, the most efficient CNC machine tools are produced in Dongguan, and drones are produced in Shenzhen. These are all parts assembled and produced by enterprise clusters. Not only high-tech industries are affected by clusters, but also traditional products. There is a small town called Dingshu Town in Yixing, Jiangsu. Many local masters of teapot craftsmanship have opened workshops in the town, and other primary and intermediate craftsmen have also gathered in the town. * * * There are 67 Zisha professional cooperatives, more than 400 Zisha enterprises and more than 2000 Zisha family workshops/kloc-0. Last year, the output value was 7.8 billion yuan, driving the added value of the cultural industry to 65.438+0.45 billion yuan, and the total tourism revenue was more than 700 million yuan. And it has become a base for constantly cultivating teapot makers. Poor towns have nothing to do with other cities and industries. They are small and complete, lack detailed division of labor and cooperation, and cannot form enterprise clusters. The industry and population of such towns will gradually decrease.
Sixth, openness.
A good town has a high degree of industrial openness, and can actively cut into the global production chain and constantly move upstream. Because the global value chain and industrial chain are changing, if a small town has a product that enters this industrial chain and keeps rising, then this characteristic town will successfully become the industry singles champion. Liushi Town used to be the "scrap iron" of Wenzhou, and it was a poverty-stricken town with zero government industrial investment. After 30 years of training by private enterprises, it has now become a super base for low-voltage electrical appliances. 80% of China's low-voltage electrical appliances are produced in this base, accounting for more than 70% of the country's exports of such products. Large enterprises from France and Germany have come here to set up factories together. Among them, Zheng Taihe and Delixi, the two most famous enterprises, started from an instrument factory jointly run by two clever young men who repaired bicycles when I was the local county party secretary, and later split into two groups, one is Zheng Tai Group and the other is Delixi Group. 10 years ago, Delixi Group established a joint venture with Schneider, the largest electrical appliance manufacturer in France. Zheng Tai is committed to electrical appliances, with an annual output value of 50 billion. Their production base is in Liushi Town, which makes this town the capital of electrical appliances in China. All low-voltage electrical enterprises in China are basically controlled by Liu entrepreneurs. Because manufacturers in Liushi Town can integrate into the global industrial chain. Then a small town, if its industry is not open globally, can't find its place in the global industrial chain.
Seventh, the super-scale effect.
A good town is completely beyond the town scale effect. I remember once a group of economists were discussing what is the optimal size of urban population. Economists in China say that the population of 6,543,800+is the best scale, while economists in Germany think that 90% of the cities in Germany have fewer than 200,000 people, and 200,000 is the best scale. Italian economists believe that a town with a population of 40,000 is very dynamic, and the reasonable scale is 50,000. Why are opinions so divided? If the industry of a town is highly complementary to the main city, it is no problem to be smaller; For example, the spatial structure of a small town is unique, so it doesn't matter if it is small. If the service function of a small town is to fill the gap in the main city, then it is attractive to be smaller. There is a small town in England called Hay, which was originally just an abandoned castle, but later it was found that it was not far from famous schools such as Oxford and Cambridge. Attract second-hand booksellers from all over the country to come to this town, and British second-hand books come here to buy. Empty warehouses and old houses will turn into second-hand book towns, and teachers and students from surrounding universities and tourists from all over the country will come to buy books.
Eighth, microcirculation.
Microcirculation town, not according to the mode of Guangzhou University Town, requires centralized, large-scale and large-scale circulation of all four supplies, heating and refrigeration. Instead, the micro-circulation mode is adopted, and any "three wastes" are recovered on the spot. This mode of energy saving and emission reduction has great ecological and economic benefits for water pollution control and energy saving and emission reduction. This set of micro-circulation technology based on characteristic towns is a kind of "characteristic" in itself, which will create the economic vitality of such towns. Shanghai Fengjing Town is such a model. The whole town adopts a new model of microcirculation, thus successfully building a new industrial cluster.
Ninth, self-adaptation.
Forward-looking Industry Research Institute, a professional planning agency for characteristic towns, pointed out that a good town has the autonomy of investors, technology and talents, and can face risks independently, cope with market changes and solve subversive innovations of new technologies. This kind of "independence" inspired adaptability and created Beijiao Town in Dongguan. The town has formed a headquarters economic zone, where 50 thousand high-end production personnel live and work, and the town has a strong cohesion. Nowadays, new and innovative habitats are very popular in the world. In the era of industrial civilization, corporate headquarters often gather in CBD. Now a new model is called "Businis Park", and this town is such a new headquarters gathering place. Poor towns do not have the adaptability of industrial development, which leads to the exhaustion of resource industries, just like Detroit-style decline in the United States.
Tenth, coordination.
A good town will emerge together with other towns around it. Near Alibaba's Hangzhou headquarters, several small towns have sprung up by themselves. One of the small towns in Yun Qi was born in this way: after Alibaba's successful listing in the United States, the capital introduced from outside was as high as $22 billion, and nearly a thousand people in Alibaba's team became multi-millionaires, of whom more than 700 wanted to start their own businesses. These towns will gather together "Ma Yun of the future" to create synergy. The output value of software in Yun Qi Town alone has rapidly reached tens of billions. These future towns are all complementary to each other in industrial functions, forming a group of small towns with collaborative innovation. This "group" is a high-level "synergy" effect platform. Such examples have long existed abroad. For example, the twin cities of Hangzhou are good, a tourist city with a population of less than 65,438+10,000 with beautiful scenery. Nice forms a harmonious urban agglomeration with several famous towns around it, such as the famous entertainment city Monaco, the film city Cannes and the 500-year-old Flower City Glass. All the French flavors are produced here. Sophia High-tech Park is a small technology town, far away from Nice, Cannes and Glasgow. High-tech enterprises all over the world like to be located in a quiet and pleasant environment to attract global talents. These towns have complementary functions, forming urban clusters, resulting in the emergence of higher resource attraction.