In the Book of Changes, there are: river drawing, Luo writing, and sage saying. The Book of Changes and Hong Fan play an important role in the history of China's cultural development, and have far-reaching influence on philosophy, politics, military science, ethics, aesthetics and literature. As the source of China's history and culture, Hetuluo's works have contributed a lot.
20 14 12 Luoyang Hetao luoshu legend was officially selected into the national intangible cultural heritage list. Zhouyi originated from Fuxi Bagua, which in turn originated from He Tu and Luo Shu. Zhu, a great philosopher in the Song Dynasty, juxtaposed "River Map" and "Luo Shu" for the first time in the book The Original Meaning of Zhouyi, and put his map in the first place, with nine as the river map and ten as the Luo Shu. Scholars in later generations think that Zhu's "River Map" and "Luo Shu" originated from Chen Tuan, a Taoist priest in the Song Dynasty, and Zhu introduced the old and brought forth the new. Zhu briefly described the development process of River Map and Luo Shu, saying: "The images of books began in Kong Anguo, Liu Xin and Wei Guanlangzi in the Han Dynasty, and were called by Mr. Song and Mr. Shao Yongyao in the Ming Dynasty. They changed their names in Liu Mu, but because of them, many scholars restored them today and learned from their old names. " [1] Zhu said, but scholars in Qing Dynasty Huang Zongxi and Hu Wei both objected to Song Confucianism's theory of "river map" and "Luo Shu". Since then, "river map" and "Luo Shu" have become a long-standing mystery in academic circles.
First, traces of "River Map" and "Luo Shu".
What were the original shapes of "River Map" and "Luoshu"? At the turn of the century, it is difficult for people to find the truth today, but according to some historical records, its roots are very old. In the early days of mankind, saints imitated and carved on turtle backs and animal bones according to some characteristics of natural images, which served as a warning to human survival as experience. Because it is accumulated by experience, it is often more effective, and to a certain extent, it can make people turn everything into luck, and later it is gradually regarded as a blessing of the gods. We have unearthed a large number of Oracle bones in Shang Dynasty, most of which are carved on tortoise backs and animal bones, and the contents are mostly Oracle bones, which can be determined. China's distant ancestors worshipped turtles and dragons, which is often recorded in ancient myths and pre-Qin classics handed down. For example, "Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour" wrote: "There are ghosts in southern Chu, and 500 years old is spring and 500 years old is autumn." Most scholars here think that "ghosts" refer to turtles. Turtles are mentioned more than once in Zhuangzi, which is also related to longevity and good luck. Tortoise, dragon, snake, deer, bear, scorpion, raccoon, raccoon, raccoon? Tigers and some birds, such as swallows, may be the totem worship of the ancestors of different tribes in the early days, and they are the symbols of different tribal peoples. Sima Qian recorded in Records of the Five Emperors: "Emperor Yan wanted to invade the princes of the mausoleum, and the princes returned to Xuanyuan with salt. Xuan Ape is an inspirational soldier of Xiu De, who governs five qi and five arts, caresses ten thousand people and spreads them everywhere. Teach bears, donkeys, donkeys and raccoons. Tiger, in order to fight Emperor Yan in the wild of Hanquan, and then win his ambition in three wars. " This is a great battle between Emperor Yan and Huangdi in the history of China for the Central Plains in Hanquan. This war is fierce and cruel. The new book "One Farmer" called the battlefield at that time "bloodshed", which was somewhat exaggerated, but it can show that the war at that time was really fierce. In this war, the Yellow Emperor was able to drive away bears, pigs and other beasts to participate in the war, adding magical colors to this war. These beasts were actually the totem worship of some tribes at that time, and different tribes followed the Yellow Emperor to participate in the battle with their own distinctive national symbols. The battle of Hanquan ended with the victory of the Yellow Emperor, which led to the integration of Yanhuang tribes, and the Chinese nation was formally formed and developed into a major part of the Chinese nation. Huangdi tribe is a tribe marked by dragons. Therefore, context has become a symbol of the Chinese nation. The myth of "the Battle of Hanquan" is actually a record and explanation of the historical event of the Yanhuang tribal war at that time.
Secondly, the schema of "Hutuluo" reflects China people's worship of numbers and their view of time and space.
Numbers are one of the earliest signs that human beings broke away from the animal kingdom and became human beings. The appearance of numbers makes human beings realize their wisdom and cleverness, which lays the foundation for the further development of wisdom. Philolaus, a thinker of the Pythagorean school in ancient Greece, once said a famous saying: "Quantity, omnipotence and perfection are the power of numbers, the beginning and master of human life, and the participants in everything. Without numbers, everything is chaotic and dark. " Therefore, ancient people worshipped numbers very much from the beginning, which was the common feature of all nationalities in the world at the beginning of cultural enlightenment. China's ancient ancestors' worship of numbers has rich cultural connotations, which can be said to show their knowledge of astronomy, geography, human relations, philosophy, art, primitive religion and daily life. It is not difficult to understand this point from the schema understanding of the ancient book "Hutuluo Shu" by Song people.
The digital worship of ancient Chinese ancestors is mainly manifested in the worship of ten basic numbers from one to ten and some numbers derived from the basic numbers after ten. Some numbers after 10 are like 12 generated by multiplication of two, two and three, 24 generated by multiplication of two, three and four, 36 generated by 28,66, 49,88 generated by 77, 64,99 generated by 8 1,/kloc. In the cultural concept of ancient people in China, the ten basic numbers from one to ten have not only mathematical significance, but also aesthetic significance, auspicious significance, world outlook and cosmology significance. Every basic number is a perfect number, a lucky number, an ideal number, and a great wisdom number, all of which have infinite meanings in detail.
Third, River Map, Luo Shu and the Origin of Eight Diagrams
For thousands of years, people have always associated Hutu and Luoshu with Fuxi, Bagua and Zhouyi, and Zhu even put Hutu Luoshu at the top of Yijing, which is highly praised. Most scholars in ancient China believed that Fuxi was inspired by the river map to create the Eight Diagrams, and the Book of Changes originated from Fuxi's Eight Diagrams. What about gossip?
From today's perspective, gossip is just some divination symbols composed of long lines and short lines. So, who first invented these symbols? History books often claim that Fuxi invented gossip. As for Fuxi's gossip, the Book of Changes under Cohesion has a detailed record: "The ancients in the world, including the kings of the xi family, looked up and observed the images in the sky. When they look down, they see the laws on the earth. They observed articles on birds and beasts, which were suitable for the earth, and took all the bodies and things far away, so they began to gossip. In order to understand the virtues of the gods and the feelings of all things. Make a rope to make a net, use it to fish and cover it. " At that time, Fuxi often stood on the slope near the Yellow River, watching the rapids and eddies formed at the intersection of the Yellow River and Luoshui. The river showed a painting, Luo Shu published a book, the rosy clouds in the sky and the loess on the ground all caused him to think. Why is the sky blue and the ground yellow? What is the relationship between heaven and earth and people, flowers, insects and fish? After long thinking, he combined 12 long lines and 24 short lines into 8 patterns. These patterns composed of lines of different lengths are gossip. Fu also used ropes as traps to fish and hunt. This is probably inspired by Li's good at attaching images. Liu Xin, a scholar in the Han Dynasty, also said in Records of the Five Elements of Han Dynasty: "Fu is the queen of heaven, influenced by the river map, so it is gossip." Many scholars in the Han Dynasty believed that Fuxi's creation of Eight Diagrams was inspired by letters from Hetuluo. For example, Confucius' Book of Changes Justice said that "Fuxi's River Map must be checked up and down to be correct, and then the hexagrams should be drawn." [4] Zhu, a great scholar in the Song Dynasty, not only thought that the Book of Hutuluo was presented by Heluo Tortoise and Dragon and painted by saints, but also put the schema of the Book of Hutuluo in the front. Wang Shenzi, a scholar in the Yuan Dynasty, also said in his book On the Great Changes: "The changes of Fuxi originated from the river map. In the river map, there are five places and ten places, and Tai Chi is also." At least since the Han Dynasty, most scholars have admitted that the river map existed before Fuxi era, and saints founded the Eight Diagrams accordingly. As a result, people have closely linked Confused Luo Shu with gossip, gossip and the Book of Changes. Why? This is mainly because gossip originated from Hutuluo.