The Eastern Jin Dynasty was the first regime in China's history that favored the south. Compared with other dynasties facing south, I think its relative strength is also the strongest. Almost every Northern Expedition paid off, but the imperial court did not give it strength.
Zu Ti, the first representative.
Zu Ti was the only selfless general in the Northern Expedition in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Zu Ti was the first representative of the Northern Expedition in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The famous soldier is from this general. After four years of hard work, he recovered most of the territory north of the Yellow River, but the emperor was worried that he was too ambitious and asked him to withdraw, and his territory was lost again. The general was very angry. But the emperor did not get any benefits. After the court lacked checks and balances, the Wangs rebelled and almost abolished the emperor.
The second representative is Huan Wen.
Huan Wen was a very powerful minister in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His Northern Expedition brought him prestige and trouble. He always plays three games. In fact, there is only one real victory. His purpose is not simply to recover the Central Plains, but mainly to accumulate prestige and become an emperor. It turned out to be counterproductive. In order to regain his authority after his failure, he abolished the emperor and replaced him with someone else. Who did you say the emperor provoked? You defeated me and abolished me.
Go to Xie 'an for the third time.
After the battle of fat and water, the former Qin army was defeated and returned. Xie An moved northward and recovered a large area of land south of the Yellow River in Shandong, Henan and Henan. He doesn't want to be an emperor, but the emperor is not at ease. The credit is too great. Come back quickly. I miss you, so the Northern Expedition failed.
Liu Yu's fourth time
It cannot be said that it was wise and extreme for the emperor not to allow the Northern Expedition. At least this land in the south belongs to Sima Jia. Emperor Wu of song started as a soldier, and when he became a general, he put down civil strife. After the Northern Expedition destroyed Southern Yan in the Central Plains, defeated the Northern Wei Dynasty, and recovered a large territory in the north, he made great contributions, gained high prestige, and began to stand on behalf of Jin. Established the first king dynasty and Song dynasty in the Southern Dynasties.
Southern Dynasties
The Fifth Song Wendi Yuanjia Northern Expedition
Shortly after the end of the Song Dynasty, Liu Yujian died and the throne passed to his son. During the reign of Song Wendi, there were three northern expeditions, and in 430, the northern expedition won first and then lost. After the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North in 450, the two sides fought against each other. In 452, after Wei Taidi was killed, the third Northern Expedition only occupied part of the land.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, it was also a period when the Northern Wei Dynasty was strong, so the losses of the three northern expeditions were great, and it was a bit of a loss.
The Southern Song Dynasty was also a Han regime that was forced to move southward. Like the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the emperor could do nothing.
The Sixth Yuefei Northern Expedition
1 127 After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Central Plains people who could not escape did not forget to recover the Central Plains, among which Yueshi Zhong was the most influential. Yue Fei made many northern expeditions in 1 134, 1 136, especially 165438. Ten years' work was ruined in one fell swoop. Finally, Yue Fei was killed and the signing of the Northern Expedition was terminated.
The Seventh Longxing Northern Expedition
After Song Gaozong's retreat, Song Xiaozong succeeded to the throne, and Song Xiaozong succeeded to the throne, Yue Fei's unjust case was rehabilitated, and the leading figures were reused, hoping to recover the Central Plains. However, the old generation of famous soldiers had all died in battle, and the new superior generals were at odds, which led to the failure of the Northern Expedition.
Eighth Jubilee Northern Expedition
This time, the representative emperor was Song Ningzong, and the ministers of the Anti-Japanese War were all famous, such as Xin Qiji and Lu You. Everyone knows the fighting capacity of the Song Dynasty, so the result is clear. Not only was it defeated militarily this time, but it also cost more money. From then on, there was no Northern Expedition in the Southern Song Dynasty except to unite with Mongolia to destroy the gold, until it was finally destroyed by the Yuan Dynasty. Han Biaozhou, the leader of the Northern Expedition, was killed and his head was sent to Xu Jin. Song Dynasty was an era of economic and cultural prosperity in China's history, but his military thoughts made him a headache.
The Ninth Most Successful Northern Expedition in Ming Dynasty
1367 After the South was basically unified, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to the Central Plains, and at the same time put forward the slogan of "expelling Land Rover and restoring China", which successfully recovered the North and Yuan Shundi fled north. This Northern Expedition was also the most successful Northern Expedition of the southern regime in China for thousands of years, and it was also the first time to recover the lost land in the north from nomadic people. Sixteen states ceded by the Five Dynasties were also recovered. At the same time, Zhu Yuanzhang was the first person in China history to unify the north and south of China, and the only person in feudal history to unify the north and south of China. In addition, during the period of Ming Taizu, there were many northern expeditions, mainly to eliminate the northern yuan and reduce the threat.
In addition to the nine northern expeditions in history, there were two in modern times, namely the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the National Government.
When the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom began to rise, it was no ordinary cow. From 185 1, from Guangxi uprising to Nanjing, 1853 has its capital. This speed is not generally fast, and the Qing Dynasty was trapped. Then, Lin Fengxiang was sent to lead the northern expedition, with a total of more than 20,000 people. He went all the way to Tianjin and was finally defeated. If more people had been sent, Beijing might have been captured. The National Government was the Northern Expedition led by President Jiang. After Zhang Xueliang announced that the Northern Expedition ended and the National Government officially unified China. Although there is no actual control, at least it is the boss in name. This is also the second time in the history of China, from south to north.
From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Republic of China, in the past two thousand years, the Northern Expedition, large and small, far exceeded the above statistics. Only the Northern Expedition of the Ming Dynasty was the most successful in the whole feudal society, thanks to Zhu Yuanzhang. As for why the Southern Northern Expedition always failed, many people have analyzed the population, topography and even geomantic omen, which may be reasonable. But if you look at other dynasties, you will understand that the failure of Zu Ti Yuefei is entirely the requirement of imperial power, as long as your position is stable.