The stars day and night are all named by humans. Since there are the Big Dipper, the South Dipper and the North Star, don’t worry that humans will forget to get the South Pole Star.
But South Pole Star is rarely heard of.
Firstly, because it is not as famous and useful as Polaris, and secondly, it is not to our north.
Many stars are named after their directions. As soon as you hear them, you will know that they refer to stars in a certain direction in the sky. Since humans have given the earth the directions of north, south, east and west, it is not surprising at all to name some stars after the directions.
The earth is divided into the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere. The sky that surrounds the earth day and night with stars is called the celestial sphere. The sky that people in the southern hemisphere see is basically the southern celestial sphere, and the sky that people in the northern hemisphere see is basically the southern celestial sphere. It's the northern celestial sphere.
China is located in the northern hemisphere, so everyone is familiar with the northern celestial sphere.
If you explain these clearly, it will be much easier to understand the explanation of the stars below.
Let’s talk about the Big Dipper first.
The Big Dipper is the most famous star in China. In very early ancient times, people endowed this combination of stars with mysterious power and used it as a symbol of fortune-telling and divination.
These seven stars form the shape of a spoon near the North Celestial Pole. From the mouth of the spoon, they are named Tianshu (Greed Wolf), Tianxuan (Giant Gate), Tianji (Lucun), Tianquan (Wenqu), Yuheng (Lianzhen), Kaiyang (Wuqu), Yaoguang (Pojun).
From these names, we can see that these seven stars are given different jurisdictions and representative meanings. For example, the Tianquan Star is also called the Wenqu Star, which is a symbol of academic supremacy in ancient times. Those who win the top prize are the Wenqu Stars who descend to the earth.
These stars govern all walks of life among the people, and each has its own meaning, which is very complex. These stars have been artificially given personified symbols.
In ancient times, people also used the Big Dipper to determine the seasons. If the handle of the dipper points to winter, it means spring everywhere; if the handle points to the south, it means summer; if it points to the west, it means autumn; if the handle points to the north, it means autumn. The record of "It's winter all over the world".
However, this world is a bit far-fetched, because only the Northern Hemisphere can see the Big Dipper, and the seasons can only refer to the mid- to low-northern latitudes, but not the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, the ancients' vision of the world was relatively small.
Actually, these stars are just ordinary stars.
Stars emit their own light and are very far away from us. Although they are also moving, they seem to move very slowly relative to our distance, and there is almost no change for thousands of years, so they are called stars.
Strictly speaking, the Big Dipper actually has 8 stars. Kaiyang also has an auxiliary star called 80 Ursa Major, which is relatively faint. In ancient times, it was used by the army to test the vision of soldiers.
The Big Dipper is actually changing, with the middle five moving in one direction, while Tianshu and Yaoguang move in the opposite direction to these five stars. Therefore, tens of thousands of years ago and tens of thousands of years later, The Big Dipper is not like this.
Having talked about Beidou, now let’s talk about Nandou.
In fact, the Southern Dipper is also a star that can be seen in the northern hemisphere, but from the perspective of people in the northern hemisphere, the Big Dipper is in the north and the Southern Dipper is in the south.
The South Dipper is not a seven-star star, but a six-star star. Ancient my country also attached great importance to it and worshiped it just like the sun, moon and Beidou.
The Southern Dipper is located in the constellation Sagittarius in the southern sky and is the brightest main star.
The names of the six stars in the South Dipper are Tianfu Star, Tianliang Star, Tianji Star, Tiantong Star, Tianxiang Star and Qishaixing. In ancient China, there was a saying that the Lord of the Big Dipper dies and the Lord of the South Dipper lives.
In Taoist culture, the Six Star Lord of the South Dou is the heavenly official who manages all humans, monsters, spirits, gods, immortals and other living beings in the world. Their respective responsibilities are: the first Tianfu Palace, the Star Lord of Siming ; On the second day, the Xiang Palace is the Lord of Si Lu; on the third day, the Palace of Liang is the Lord of the Prolonging Life Star; on the fourth day, the Palace of the Same Palace is the Lord of the Beneficiary Star; on the fifth day, the Palace of the Shu is the Lord of the Star of Due; The Palace of Heavenly Secrets is the Lord of Shangshengxing.
Whether it is the Big Dipper or the Southern Dipper, they are all stars that are tens or even hundreds of light years away from us. They have nothing to do with our life and death. Studying these is meaningless at all, but it has consumed many people’s lives. .
What is ridiculous is that some people are still wasting their time on this, and even causing harm to the world, which is disgraceful.
Now let’s talk about Polaris.
The so-called North Celestial Pole is above the North Pole.
This is because the earth has an axis of rotation, and the earth rotates around this axis. The stars in the sky that people see seem to revolve around the earth.
This axis of rotation is virtual, and there is no real axis penetrating the earth. But the earth does rotate like this, and the sky surrounding the earth is called the celestial sphere.
The celestial sphere actually does not rotate, but the earth rotates. Relatively speaking, it looks like the celestial sphere is rotating.
There is one place on the celestial sphere that basically does not rotate, which is the point in the sky where the virtual axis points. The star at that point is called Polaris.
The scientific name of the star there now is Gouchenyi. It is a star about 4 times the mass of the sun, 434 light-years away from us, with a visual magnitude of about 2nd magnitude, ranking among the brightest stars in the sky. of 51st.
To find Polaris, you can go through the Big Dipper. On the edge of the mouth of the Big Dipper, the second Tianxuan star is connected with the Tianshu star. About 5 times the distance between the two stars, there is a bright star, which is the Polaris. .
But the North Star is not a fixed star, but takes turns.
This is because when the earth rotates, although the earth's axis basically does not move, it will also be like when we play with a top. When the top rotates at high speed, it will swing slightly, and the earth's axis will also swing slightly. This is called the precession of the Earth's axis.
The cause of Earth's precession is complex and may be related to the angle between the ecliptic equator of the Earth's revolution and rotation, the gravitational tides of the Earth and the Moon, the angle between the Moon's orbit and the equator, and the shape of the Earth. We won’t discuss it today, we just know that there is such a precession.
How big is this precession? It is calculated that there is a deflection of 50.29" in a year, so that the virtual axis of the Earth's North and South Pole draws a circle in the sky, and a perfect circle is drawn in about 25,800 years.
In this way, the so-called North and South Pole axes point to the sky. It is not a specific star, but all the stars along the axis of the earth, which has the right to serve as the North Star. Whichever planet faces the earth's axis, which star becomes the North Star.
Therefore. Polaris means that the situation will change, and the president will change when the time comes.
However, Polaris does not change presidents as quickly as we do in the private sector, but only once every few thousand years.
This happens. It is decided that Polaris neither refers to a specific star, nor is it completely aligned with the North Pole, but is almost in the sky area where the earth's axis points. The star closest to the visible one is the North Star.
Gou Chen Yi has been serving as the North Star since 1200 years ago. In another four hundred years, this position will be given to Gou Chen Yi. The star will no longer be bright. Its apparent magnitude is only 4.28, which is not what it is now. One-eighth of the brightness of Polaris.
In 13500 AD, the familiar star Vega will serve as Polaris. In another 25800 years, today's Gouchenyi will make a comeback.
Since the Earth's axis points to the North Celestial Pole, there should also be the South Celestial Pole. How come there is no South Pole Star?
The South Pole Star is only visible to us in the Southern Hemisphere. China is a resident of the northern hemisphere. The sky we see is the northern hemisphere, so we don’t care much about the southern celestial sphere. We can see a little more stars in the southern celestial sphere, such as Magellan. Nebulae are basically invisible in our northern hemisphere, but Hainan Island can be seen on the edge of the southern skyline.
The Southern Dipper mentioned earlier is not a star in the southern sky, but is just the southern end of the northern sky. Just stars.
Therefore, the southern hemisphere is the starry sky seen by residents of the southern hemisphere of the earth.
There are fewer countries in the southern hemisphere. Australia and Brazil are the largest countries in the southern hemisphere, as well as South America. , some countries in Oceania.
There are about 6,000 stars in the night sky that humans can see with the naked eye. These planets are distributed throughout the sky, and our earth has a southern hemisphere and a northern hemisphere, so everyone can see them roughly. Half of the stars, about 3,000.
The South Pole Star is much darker than the North Star and is difficult to see.
The area of ??the sky where the South Pole Earth Axis points is the South Celestial Pole, which is pointed by the Earth's dotted line. The star is Antarctica.
The star that now governs Antarctica is called Antarctica. This star is about 280 light-years away from us and has an apparent magnitude of about 5.6.
The greater the magnitude, the dimmer the star. The limit of stars visible to the naked eye is magnitude 6. Therefore, the brightness of this Antarctica star is weak to the limit of the human eye. The weather must be very good and there will be no light pollution or other effects. , can only be seen in front of people, so they are not taken seriously by people.
Compared with the Polar Star we see in the northern hemisphere, the brightness of the South Pole Star is more than 20 times different.
However, in the northern hemisphere, people often call a very bright star the South Pole Star. This is the second brightest star in the night sky - Canopus.
The brightest star in the whole sky is Sirius, with a visual magnitude of -1.47, and Canopus with a visual magnitude of -0.72.
Canopus can only be seen by people in the northern hemisphere who are close to the south. It is below Sirius in the southern sky and close to the horizon.
In the southern hemisphere, it is difficult for people to see Sirius, so Canopus is the brightest star in the sky. But this star is still quite far away from the South Celestial Pole, so it is not an Antarctic star.
This is the secret of the Beidou, South, North and South Poles stars. Thank you for reading and welcome to discuss.
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