The original appearance of Yuanmingyuan is introduced. It looks beautiful, but it was burned down in the Qing Dynasty. Known as the Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens, Yuanmingyuan is the largest garden in the Qing Dynasty, which was built with the life energy of the emperors in the heyday of the Qing Dynasty. Let's take a look at the original appearance of Yuanmingyuan.
Brief introduction to the original appearance of Yuanmingyuan 1 basic introduction
Location and scale
Yuanmingyuan is located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, east of Haidian District. It is a world-famous royal garden. Originally a large-scale royal garden in the Qing Dynasty, it covers an area of about 5,200 mu and has an inverted zigzag layout. Yuanmingyuan consists of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden, with a total area of 350 hectares.
The land building area of Yuanmingyuan is as big as the Forbidden City, and the water area is equivalent to a Summer Palace.
The origin of the name
The name of Yuanmingyuan was named by Emperor Kangxi. The three-character plaque of Michelle Ye Imperial Book hangs on the lintel of Yuanmingyuan. Why is it called Yuanmingyuan? Yong Zhengdi has an explanation, saying that the word "Yuanming" means: "Round and fascinating, the gentleman is also in the middle; Bright and shining, the wisdom of talents is also. " It means "round", that is, a person's moral character is perfect, beyond ordinary people; "Ming" means bright, perfect and wise political achievements. This can be said to be the ideal standard for the ruling class to flaunt the wisdom of the monarch in feudal times.
Landscape architecture characteristics
Yuanmingyuan combines the characteristics of several famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River at that time, melts the essence of ancient gardening art in China, and melts poetry and painting into ever-changing scenes with the artistic technique of garden in the garden. The southern part of Yuanmingyuan is the imperial court area, where the emperor handles official business. There are 40 scenic spots in other areas, of which more than 50 scenic spots directly imitate famous gardens in other places, such as the Ten Scenes of West Lake in Hangzhou, which not only imitate architecture,
Even the name is copied. More interestingly, Yuanmingyuan also has a western-style garden scenic spot. The most famous "watching water method" is a western-style fountain, a flower maze and a western-style building, all of which have the style of Italian Renaissance. There is also a model of Venice in the lake, and the emperor can enjoy the "water city scenery" thousands of miles away from the mountain on the shore.
At that time, the palace buildings used a lot of wood, which was easy to cause fires. In addition, the summer weather is hot, and the walls of the palace are very high, so it is impossible to ventilate. The whole palace is like a stove, and it is impossible to live in it. There is a clearing 20 miles away from the palace. Kangxi wants to build a garden where he can enjoy himself.
Regrettably, in 1860, the British and French allied forces looted Yuanmingyuan, and the buildings in the park were burned and the cultural relics were looted. The magical and mythical Yuanmingyuan is in ruins, leaving only broken walls for tourists to mourn.
Artistic feature
Yuanmingyuan is a treasure house, which contains rare cultural relics such as celebrity calligraphy and painting, secret room classics, Zhong Ding treasures, gold and silver jewelry and so on, and concentrates the essence of ancient culture. Yuanmingyuan is also a garden of exotic flowers and plants, with millions of rare flowers and trees. Westerners who have witnessed Yuanmingyuan completely call her "the king of ten thousand gardens". Indeed, if today is the same as 140 years ago, this super giant garden is well-deserved "the king of world gardens".
Introduction to the original appearance of Yuanmingyuan 2 The original appearance of Yuanmingyuan can refer to the following picture:
At that time, there were a lot of gold and silver treasures in Yuanmingyuan, and all the documents and books were looted by the British and French Coalition forces. At that time, the fire burned for three days and nights, and black smoke filled the capital. The British commander also claimed that the burning of Yuanmingyuan was a punishment for the Qing rulers who "trampled on the laws of ancient civilization". Under their cruelty, world-wide buildings collapsed, and China people deeply lamented that they could not see the complete Yuanmingyuan.
Fortunately, an Englishman took photos, and these old photos were as high as 200 thousand pounds at the auction. It seems that the style of Yuanmingyuan is really loved by everyone.
Repair Yuanmingyuan:
Just like burning Notre Dame de Paris, some people tried to repair Yuanmingyuan in those days, but they all failed in the end. Later generations gave up the theme activity of restoring Yuanmingyuan. First, the cost is too high. Second, I want to leave the ruins of Yuanmingyuan for future generations to think about, to alert everyone to the tragic scene of Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression. Therefore, it has not actively restored this Yuanmingyuan with rich connotation, history, time, culture and art.
Today, when China's national strength continues to be strong, Yuanmingyuan has completely turned into a site, and many precious cultural relics snatched by Eight-Nation Alliance and scattered cultural relics continue to return to Macau. With the development of the times and the improvement of people's daily living standards, Yuanmingyuan has become a key holiday tourist address in China, which shows that Yuanmingyuan is once again full of charm. With the development of high technology, people want to know what Yuanmingyuan was like before, so the restoration map of Yuanmingyuan came out.
Introduction to the Original Appearance of Yuanmingyuan 3 At the end of Qing Dynasty, the most serious destruction of cultural relics in China's history made all China people lament, and even the whole world could not see the existence of the fairyland in Qing Dynasty. 1960 during the second opium war, after the British and French allied forces forcibly entered the Yuanmingyuan, they not only looted property, but also set fire to the Yuanmingyuan, which was a heinous crime.
If these classic buildings and cultural relics can be preserved to this day, tourists from all over the world will come to visit them, which is of inestimable value to show China's architectural achievements and China's culture. But at this time, Yuanmingyuan has been buried in the sea of fire and will never be seen again. We can only learn such a beautiful picture from pictures and historical records. So what is Yuanmingyuan like?
Known as the Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens, Yuanmingyuan is the largest garden in the Qing Dynasty, which was built with the life energy of the emperors in the heyday of the Qing Dynasty. But at the beginning, no one thought of what the garden would look like. It was only slightly expanded before it reached its later scale.
At first, Yuanmingyuan was just a garden in Yin Zhen, a gift from Kangxi. Yongzheng, who was not an emperor at that time, was unable to build Yuanmingyuan. Besides, when Kangxi first named the garden, it was just a name with a beautiful meaning, and he didn't think so much. After the expansion, in addition to Yin Zhen, he can also avoid summer.
In order to build this garden, Kangxi asked a man named Lei Jinyu to take charge of it himself. It's a pity that the garden didn't give him much room to play, so it was still a little tied up when it was built.
Later, Yongzheng ascended the throne, giving him room to display his talents. According to records, Yuanmingyuan covers an area of about 350 hectares after its expansion. How big is it? Almost nine Forbidden Cities. It is said that there are 9,000 houses in the Forbidden City, and it takes more than 20 years to live in one room a day. You can imagine how big the Yuanmingyuan is.
Such a huge garden has not only the place where the emperor and his concubines live, but also the place where they play, whether on land or in a water park, which is enough for a long time. There are many pavilions, rivers, lakes and rockeries here.
After the construction of Kangxi and Yongzheng, Yuanmingyuan has begun to take shape. In the Qianlong period, it was expanded again, which made the Yuanmingyuan, which was already too big, expand again. There are already 600 buildings in it. And those small buildings and west buildings are not among them.
If it is just a building, it is definitely not enough. In addition to architecture, there are treasures and calligraphy and paintings in it, which are the most fascinating.
As a garden of thousands of gardens, Yuanmingyuan has a history of about 150 years from construction to destruction, among which there are countless treasures. Just like the head of the zodiac we learned in the movie. These bronze statues are precious not because they were taken away from Yuanmingyuan by British and French invaders, but because these copper heads are alloy copper, which will not corrode and fade no matter how long they are used.
There is also the scene of Yuanmingyuan, and the western clock. At that time, when China was backward in science and technology, the emperors of Qing Dynasty liked to collect western clocks and watches, so they could know the time. Therefore, almost every building in Yuanmingyuan had western clocks and watches.
There are also paintings and calligraphy that we are most proud of. You know, these are all national treasures. At present, any painting is priceless, and the Sikuquanshu compiled by Qianlong period is the largest comprehensive series in ancient China. As well as celebrity calligraphy and painting in various dynasties, there are countless more. It can also be said that the Yuanmingyuan at that time was the treasure house of the whole Qing government, with everything. According to statistics, there are 6.5438+0.5 million precious cultural relics among them, but after the arson by the British and French allied forces, they all turned to ashes, leaving little.
1860, British and French allied forces attacked Beijing, forcibly entered Yuanmingyuan, burned and looted, and committed all kinds of crimes. At that time, the British and French allied forces could not control their desires. After entering Yuanmingyuan, Tebei was dazzled by all kinds of scenery and treasures inside. Greed makes them start to take everything they can and destroy everything they can't.
Not counting, after plundering the cultural relics here, in order to cover up their crimes, they even set fire to Yuanmingyuan and destroyed the gardens of world civilization. The fire burned for three days and nights, representing the brilliant gardens of the Qing Dynasty.
This humiliating history should not be forgotten. Those ruins are still standing there, not for us to see, but to remind us not to forget that humiliating history.