1, Su Shi (A.D. 1036- 1 1), with the word Zhan, was born in Dongpo Jushi, Meishan and Meizhou (now Sichuan), and was an official to Duanmingtang, a bachelor of Hanlin, and Li Shangshu.
The young student Wang Xizhi studied in Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi. His pen is full of rhythm and talent. He is also good at painting bamboo, stone and ancient wood, and writing his own thoughts. His modeling is wonderful and interesting. He is the author of Complete Works of Dongpo and Inscription and Postscript of Dongpo.
2. Mi Fei (1051-108) was a famous painter and collector in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zi Zhang,No. Lumen layman, Xiangyang Manchu, Haiyue Waishi. Originally from Taiyuan, he moved to Xiangyang and was called "Mi Xiangyang".
During the reign of Xuanhe, Zhao was a doctor of painting and calligraphy. Mifei is good at poetry and writing, especially at painting and calligraphy. Seal, Li, Xing, Cao and Kai are all acceptable, especially cursive script. He calls himself a "writing brush figure", which means that he uses a pen quickly and vigorously, and tries his best to pursue the charm, boldness and strength of "pen" and nature.
His calligraphy works, from poems to bamboo slips and inscriptions, are full of passion, vitality and freshness, and the momentum of a sword. Su Shi said that Mi Fei's calligraphy is "calm and happy, not only worthy of being compared with Zhong Wang." His ink handed down from ancient times mainly includes Tiaoxi Poetry Album, Shu Su Tie, Fiona Fang Anji, Coral Tie and so on.
3. Huang Tingjian (1045- 1 105), Lu Zhi, is a Taoist in the valley. Xiushui, a native of Jiangxi, was born in a family of poets and calligraphers. He only has an overview of the six arts, and he has a lot of knowledge. He is a scholar during the Zhiping period.
One of the "Four Bachelor of Sumen". Politically, he and Su * * * entered * * and retired, and were repeatedly relegated. He was good at literature, pursued a strange poetic style, and founded Jiangxi Poetry School, which had great influence. Calligraphy is especially important to the world. As a member of Song Sijia, he was an important figure in the Song Dynasty.
Su Shu is still interesting, and Huang Shu is still charming; Yellow book binding, vertical trend. Together with Su Shi, he pushed the humanistic spirit of calligraphy in Song Dynasty to the peak. The greatest feature of Huang Tingjian's calligraphy is that he emphasizes "rhyme" and grace, and his writing is elegant and elegant, such as the breeze and the high rhyme of the book.
His running script, such as Ge and Su Shi's cold food poems and postscript, all use a pen, just as Feng Ban said in "Miscellanies of Blunt Songs" in the Ming Dynasty: "The pen starts from painting, returns to the left wrist, and actually draws to the right, but it jumps again, like a cloud and returns to the wind."
4. Cai Xiang (10 12- 1067), whose real name is Mo Jun, is a native of Xianyou, Fujian Province, and has been a bachelor until Duanming Temple. Calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty are one of the "Four Great Masters in the Song Dynasty", and they are called "Su, Huang, Mi and Cai" in the history of calligraphy, which is a typical representative of the calligraphy style in the Song Dynasty.
Among the "Song Sijia", the top three are Su Shi (Dongpo), Huang Tingjian (Fu Weng) and Mi Fei (Xiangyang Manshi). In China, Cai Xiang should be older than Su, Huang and Mi.
Judging from the style of calligraphy, Su Wu has ups and downs; Huang tingjian rose vertically and horizontally; Miffy is handsome and bold, and their writing style is unique. Su, Huang and Mi are all good at cursive and running script, but Cai Xiang likes to write regular script.
Cai Xiang's Tea Story is another important monograph on tea science after Tea Classic, and it is also a masterpiece of tea culture in Song Dynasty. Translated into English and French and spread abroad. In addition, Litchi Spectrum is the earliest monograph on fruit cultivation in the world. He is the author of "Death" (also known as "Cai Zhonghui").
Extended data:
Calligraphy in Song Dynasty:
From 960 to 1279, calligraphy developed slowly for more than 300 years. , Song Taizong people, pay attention to calligraphy, bought Mo Bao, a famous minister of the ancient emperor Wang, and ordered to copy the banned books, a total of ten volumes. This is the post of Chunhua Pavilion.
"Every minister's second home, to what happened. Half of the posts are the works of "Two Kings". Therefore, calligraphy in the early Song Dynasty belonged to the "two kings". Since then, Jiang Tie and Tan Tie have been reprinted from Chunhua Pavilion Iron. The difference between this engraving and the original will become bigger and bigger. Therefore, the same clan is subordinate to the king, and the Song people are far less than the Tang people. Therefore, some critics believe that when calligraphy is popular, it will decline.
This is also one of the reasons for the depression of calligraphy in Song Dynasty. Secondly, as Mi Fei pointed out in the Book History, "keeping pace with the times and attaching importance to books" also led to the decline of calligraphy in the Song Dynasty. Mi Fei said: "Li Zongkai has been writing books for a long time, and all the scholars have learned from his books. Fat and ordinary.
In order to vote for it, it won the first place. From then on, it only became fashionable and expensive. "After crossing the south in the Song Dynasty, such as" A Book of Trees and Algae ",it said:" The emperor is a beginner of yellow characters, and he is the only one in the world to learn yellow characters; After the word rice, the world suddenly learned the word rice; ..... build a small art, advocate from top to bottom, so popular. "
In this atmosphere, calligraphers can inherit according to their own understanding of calligraphy art, and there is not much innovation. The second reason why calligraphy was not very prosperous in Song Dynasty. In a word, the popularity of calligraphy and the shift to the style of emperors' likes and dislikes and powerful ministers' calligraphy influenced and restricted the development of calligraphy in Song Dynasty.
Its famous representative calligraphers are: Cai Xiang, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei. Outside the four schools, harmony is unique and can also be called Tao.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Calligraphy in Song Dynasty