1 Origin of surname
A (Qin, ā) surname source is divided into two branches:
1.A surname comes from two sources:
(1) from the Shang Dynasty Hou Yi Yin, with the official name as the surname. According to "Guan Shu", a Yin "is good at shifting weight, opening and closing, and blocking traffic, which makes it successful". He helped Shang Tang destroy Ge, Wei, Gu, Kunwu and other countries successively, and finally destroyed Xia in one fell swoop and established Shang Dynasty. Yi Yin was honored by Shang Tang as "Aheng" (equivalent to the Prime Minister). Some of his grandchildren are proud of their ancestors' official positions, so they take Ah Zi as their surname and call it Ah Shi.
② Since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the compound surnames and three-character surnames of Xianbei people have changed. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Xianbei people in the Northern Wei Dynasty included Ahe and Afgan. After entering the Central Plains, he changed to Ahe with the customs of the Han nationality. According to the Records of Shu Wei Guanshi, "Afu Yu Shi was later changed to Ashi." This was after Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luoyang in the 19th year (495). Before the official imperial edict of Emperor Xiaowen, the minority surname Afuyuan (or Afugan) was automatically simplified to Afugan in the 12th and 3rd year of Taihe (488-489). This simplification became the basis for Emperor Xiaowen to formally change his surname later.
2. A (ā sound) surname comes from the Hui surname, which comes from two aspects:
① Among the Hui people in China, there are many ancient books beginning with the sound of "A", which is the main source of surname formation. For example, in the Yuan Dynasty, there were dozens of officials, such as Qian, Wasi, Ali Han, Aslan, Apashi, Chi, Ci, Ali and Ahema. In the Ming Dynasty, there were Hui astronomers Adaudin and Aduji.
(2) Some Hui people changed their names unrelated to Afghanistan into surnames. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, the office of the Interior belonged to Ma Haili, and later it was renamed A, which became another surname of the Hui people. Hui nationality with surname A is mainly distributed in northwest China.
Ancestors with surnames.
Yi Yin. Yi Yin, named Zhi, was an abandoned child picked up by the Xin family in the mulberry forest. Because his foster mother lives near yi river, she takes water as her surname. Although Yi Yin is short and unattractive, he is resourceful, intelligent and ambitious. At that time, Wang Xia was cruel and overbearing, abusing people's power, killing people, making the land barren and the people miserable. Seeing that the Xia Dynasty was unlucky, Yi Yin approached Shang Tang with superb cooking skills and persuaded him to hold high the banner of righteousness to take the place of Xia Jie. After talking with Yi Yin, Shang Tang thought it was a brief encounter, and immediately named Yi Yin "Aheng" (Prime Minister). Under the management of Shang Tang and Yi Yin, Shang Tang began to grow and wanted to attack Xia Jie. Yi Yin suggested that Shang Tang stop paying tribute to Xia Jie and see how Xia Jie could test Xia Jie's strength. Xia Jie was really angry. He summoned the troops of September 1st to attack the merchants. Yi Yin immediately advised Shang Tang: Xia Jie can still mobilize troops, and the time is not ripe for us to attack him. So Shang Tang paid tribute to Xia Jie again. Yi Yin saw that the time was ripe and stopped paying tribute to Xia Jie again. But this time, due to Xia Jie's atrocities, he failed to mobilize the army, so Yi Yin suggested to Shang Tang to arise. Shang Tang soon defeated Xia Jie's army and exiled Xia Jie to Nanchao, and the Xia Dynasty ended. The governors supported the virtuous Shang Tang to establish the Shang Dynasty as the "emperor". Shang Tang and Yi Yin work closely together to care for the people. Be loved by the people. After Shang Tang's death, Yi Yin assisted his descendants until Shang Tang's grandson, Tai Jia, became the Shang King and Tai Jia was tyrannical. Three years later, Yi Yin demoted Tai Jia to the Children's Palace, where he was a regent and accepted the worship of the governors. Emperor Taijia lived in Tonggong for three years, repented and reformed. So Yi Yin pulled Taijia out, returned it to the government, retired and returned to his hometown. After Tai Jia returned to his place, he carried forward the virtue of Shang Tang, loved the people diligently, joined the historical princes, and achieved social peace. After Yi Yin's death, Divodin (son of Tai Jia) was buried with the emperor's gift. Some grandchildren of Yi Yin are proud of their ancestors' "Aheng" office, so they take Aheng as their surname and call it Joni Aho. So Yi Yin is the ancestor of A surname.
3 migration distribution
A The ancestors of Ajiabao and Ajiatai in Datong County were all Mongolians, and later they merged into the Han nationality. A man surnamed Wang lives in Henan County. In Luoyang City, Henan Province today).
Four historical celebrities
A Tianke: the word Xi A, the Han nationality Gao Na Tusi, is from Malongfu, Yunnan. He abandoned the hidden valley in eastern Yunnan, collected and sorted out ancient characters and wrote them like tadpoles. Only two years, 1,840 letters, called "Shu Zu".
A Gui: Zi Guangting,No. Yunyan, Zhang Jiashi, originally from Zhenglan Banner in Manchuria, was later carried into Zhengbai Banner. He was born in a powerful family, and his father Akdun was the co-secretary of the Qianlong dynasty and the minister of punishments, which was highly valued by the Qianlong emperor. He has been very clever since he was a child. "When people talk about history, they can remember it." In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), A Gui entered the official school at the age of 16, and became an excellent student two years later. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), he was an assistant official, and later he was granted the job of Dali Temple in the shadow of his father. After three years of service, he was promoted halfway, and in the second year he was awarded the director of the Ministry of War. Since then, he has been promoted step by step. For eight years, as a doctor, he served as Zhang Jing of the military department of the central organization. However, time and time again, he almost sent him to prison. In the 11th year of Qianlong, A Gui, who was a doctor in the treasurer of the Ministry of Finance, was demoted as a senior official for the crime of oversight because the treasurer's articles were stolen. At the beginning of the 13th year of Qianlong, A Gui went to Jinchuan Military Camp in Sichuan with his brother, Minister of War. As a result, Zhang Guangsi, governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, failed to suppress Jinchuan and was arrested and executed. A Gui was also illegally tried by the punishments for "colluding with Zhang Guangsi and dominating the city". Later, because Qianlong missed his father, only Jia, the son, was exceptionally compassionate and did not treat him. This can be said to be a major failure in A Gui's official career. But A Gui, after all, was the son of a Manchu aristocrat, so he was reused the next year after his release, and later served as foreign minister in the official department. After another five years, he was a bachelor of cabinet and assistant minister of rites, and gradually boarded the ranks of worship.
A Fu Sheng: Ledu, Qinghai, Tibetan, member of the Standing Committee of Menyuan County Committee and secretary of the County Discipline Inspection Commission.
A surname allusion and an interesting story
A long time ago, in Luobiao District, Gongxian County, Sichuan Province, there was a place called Matangba, where many Bo people lived. Among them, a accounts for the majority. One day, an old man named A died, and the family invited Mr. Feng Shui to see the place where the old man was buried. Mr. Feng Shui walked around Matangba and finally pointed to a steep rock and said to A's family, "There is a white rock here. You should make a coffin out of a big piece of wood, put the dead old man in this coffin, and then bury him on this white rock. The descendants of your A family will certainly be very rich. " According to Mr. Feng Shui, A Jia made a coffin out of a big piece of wood and invited a stonemason to make a hole in the white rock. The white rocks are high and steep. How to fight? Thinking about it, they can only stand under the rock with the winch Zhuge Liang taught them to use in the battle, and set up a high platform on the winch to let the masons stand on the high platform to make holes. Finally, two holes with thick bowls were made in the rock, so two thick logs were stuffed in the holes, and then the coffin was hung by a winch and placed horizontally on the two thick logs. This is the origin of the hanging coffin burial of the Gelao people. Since then, the Gelao people have learned to hang coffins and carry them after death. Later, Ajia really developed and became the most powerful tribe among Bo people. Until the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, A Jia brothers and sisters became heroes to rebel, and they were called Wang Jianguo in Jiu Si (now Xingwen County) in Jianwu, Sichuan.
When the three brothers and sisters of Ajia rose to revolt, Ajia was very powerful. At that time, there was a scholar named Ying Luo, who knew the five elements of Yin and Yang and could read Feng Shui. Luo Wentz Eiji's family is a big landlord, and food, gold and silver and other property have been forcibly expropriated by the rebellious Bohai people. In order to get back at Jia, he went to Jia and said, "In Wa Shi Cun, Chang 'an Township, Weixin County, Yunnan Province, there is a place called Duanjingshan, and there is a white rock called Yan Baihu opposite Duanjingshan. If you take down Matangba's coffin, transport it to prestige and hang it in Yan Baihu, your family will be more developed and stronger, and the whole province of Yunnan and Sichuan will become your family's world. "Listen to the Luo Ying, jia, happily took seven coffins from Matangba, shipped to prestige tile stone, and also shipped two winches to hang coffins. According to Luo Ying scholars, A Jia hung seven coffins on the White Tiger Rock in Shi Wa Village in exactly the same way as the Luopuma Tangba. But not long after, A Jia's three brothers and sisters were all defeated and killed, and A Jia completely collapsed. After the death of A Jia's three brothers and sisters, the imperial court continued to encircle the Bo people who fled into the deep forests, especially those named A, regardless of gender, age and age. Under this bloody massacre and repression, A surname Bo remained anonymous, and A character was changed from "Lian" to "Gui". Change them all to his last name. In the future, the hanging coffins of Matangba were called "He Jiaxing Yanzi", and the hanging coffins of Weixin Washi were also called "He Jiaxing Yanzi".
After the Bo people were besieged, no one went to Washi to hang coffins. Years later, four of the seven coffins collapsed. Now, there are only three hanging coffins left on the Yan Baihu. It is said that in those collapsed coffins, there are precious funerary objects such as gold, silver, jewelry and jade. At that time, some greedy people competed for those sacrifices. However, no matter who fights for them, as long as they get it, these treasures will sting his eyes and make his eyes dark, just like a blind man. Strangely, as long as you abandon the treasure in your hand, the pain in your eyes will disappear and your eyes will remain bright. As a result, no one dared to take those treasures, and they were all thrown into the deep mountain canyon.