First, clothing.
Jewelry From the late Qing Dynasty to the liberation, women had silver stripes, silver pins, silver flowers and silk flower on their heads, silver necklaces around their necks, silver corsage and silk corsage on their chests, and silver rings and bracelets on their hands. Silver anklets are worn at the ankles. Women in rich families wear gold ornaments. From the early days of liberation to the 1970s, frugality and simplicity were advocated, and most women did not wear ears or ornaments. It is not uncommon for urban young women after 1980s to dress up skillfully and wear gold, silver, pearls and jade ornaments from beginning to end.
Second, drink food.
Gutian people mainly eat rice for three meals, porridge for breakfast and dry rice for lunch and dinner. Before liberation, rural areas, especially Dadong area, ate more sweet potatoes and rice with salted fish and pickles. Add porridge, noodles, cakes and other snacks at night in busy farming season. 1960 or so, food shortage, eating wild vegetables and wild fruits. After 1980s, staple foods tended to be diversified, including jiaozi, noodles, dried noodles and spring rolls. People pay attention to nutrition in their diet. Meat, fish and eggs are on sale more and more, and new vegetables and wild vegetables are favored.
Third, live.
Gutian has different living conditions due to different geographical conditions (see urban and rural construction records for details). Clan surnames live in one place, and housing pays attention to location orientation. There is a saying that "north to south, home is at home". Choose an auspicious day to enter the house. The headmaster leads his family and relatives to pick up kindling and make a fire. Participants each carry furniture, farm tools and livestock with red notes and shoot guns into the house along the way. After the new stove is put into the fire, the main room will be arranged immediately, and the tea fruit will be prepared to receive the audience. There is fan wine in the evening, or fan wine, and there must be two plates of cakes and set meals on the table. When you come to congratulate your relatives and friends, you must give them cake and salt. Bread is homophonic with "Gao", salt is salty, and "salty" is homophonic with "Gao" in dialect. At the same time, I will give you a greeting card, stove, bottle, lamp and other supplies. When the two brothers split up, they asked their uncle to be a "middleman", and the house was allocated to the left and right bedrooms according to their uncle's ranking.
Fourth, travel.
In the old society, "the ancient Tian Feng Maru was a skyscraper, with flowing mountains and rocks, no boat and no car"; "Birds wear clouds, which makes people sigh." For peace, go out and look through the almanac and choose an auspicious day; When you leave, you must say "walk slowly", "be kind" and "drop by", so it is important to tell you to walk carefully. There is a bridge in Fengchuan, and you can see the pavilion when you cross the ridge. Bridge pavilions are mostly tiled-roofed sitting boards, which are convenient for pedestrians to "breathe". When officials and gentry go out to sit in sedan chairs, ordinary people usually walk in sandals or casual shoes, and the staff bearer stays on the staff to show support and help. Take a long walk, prepare straw bag rice, or eat red early rice porridge at the roadside stall to increase walking strength. In the twenty-fifth year of the Republic of China (1936), the ancient highway was opened to traffic, and only a few people traveled by car. After liberation, the transportation industry developed and there were more and more tourists. From the sixties to the seventies, fashionable bicycles. After 1980s, motorcycles began to spread in urban and rural areas.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) rules
When acquaintances meet, they always greet each other, make fists and bow to show respect, and at the same time smile and ask, "Have you eaten?" Or ask, "Where to?" After liberation, the ceremony of bowing with fists was changed to shaking hands, and the rest remained unchanged. When the guests come home, please sit down first, and then offer tea and cigarettes. After the chat, send him to the gate and bow and say "Take your time" and "Come again next time".
Parents who give red envelopes take their children to others for the first time. The elders of that family should wrap red envelopes, tie them with green and white ropes and give them to the children to say some greetings.
When visiting relatives and friends for the first time, relatives and friends must cook 1 bowl of dried eggs (now only two poached eggs are cooked, leaving out dry powder) for guests to eat. "Egg" is called "Taiping" by Gutian people, and Gai "Egg" is homophonic with "chaos" in Gutian dialect, so it is called "Taiping" in the sense of opposing "chaos" in order to hope for peace and harmony all the year round.
"Tingcha" women visit relatives and friends' homes. Housewives of relatives, friends and neighbors should prepare seven or eight dishes besides dried eggs, such as fried soybeans, fried peanuts, Bipu (fried corn or glutinous rice in a pot), dried bayberry, persimmon pills, etc., and put them in tea trays for visiting female guests, commonly known as "Ting Tea".
Sixth, the title
Generally speaking, young people are called brothers, uncles, uncles, old people and old people; For women, they are called big sister, sister-in-law, aunt, big sister, old mother and old woman. Some addresses are prefixed to express intimacy, such as grandpa, dad, grandma, brother, brother, sister, mei and so on.
After marriage, young men and women call each other relatives one generation below their peers. For example, men call the woman's uncle uncle, and women call men uncle, aunt, aunt and so on.
Special appellation The younger generation has special appellations for the elders of immediate family members. For example, the father dialect is called "Balang", which may come from the variation of "Nongba". Because "Balang" and "Nongba" are homophonic in Gutian dialect, the mother is called "Nunai", the grandfather is called "Gong" and the grandmother is called "Ren" (pronounced as Yin in Gutian dialect).
Seven, architectural customs
After liberation, the architectural custom changed with the personnel, and got rid of the belief custom of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, and also hosted a banquet for relatives and friends who came to congratulate.
When building the bridge, I chose an auspicious day. After the bridge is completed, the bridge head is sacrificed first, the elders are sacrificed first, and then the bridge construction director is sacrificed. Then, everyone walked across the bridge in turn and held a banquet to celebrate and reward the bridge builders and migrant workers.
Before building the tomb, please ask Mr. Feng Shui to choose the location of the tomb site, and then choose the tomb blank of the auspicious day, the left and right houses. The rich man built a tomb flat with stones, covering an area of 10 square meters, and the tomb surface was made of bricks and stones. When it was finished, they hosted a banquet for craftsmen and relatives.
Brick and tile furnace, commonly known as coating furnace, started on auspicious days. Dried eggs are given to the host as snacks, and porcelain pots are placed on the furnace belly, filled with copper coins, grains, bamboo nails and other things, in order to achieve a bumper harvest of grains and prosperity. After the popcorn was baked by fire, it showed great happiness. A banquet was held in honor of the master and his relatives and friends. They sent red candles, firecrackers, cakes, salt, peanuts and chopsticks to express their blessings and congratulations.