Regarding the details of Fan Zhongyan, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
I. Fan Zhongyan's Poems
Yang Yue Lou Ji, the pride of the fisherman, Su Muzhe, Yu Jiexing, a fisherman on the river, Ouyang Gongxi picking silver lamps to sub-topic, Wuyi tea songs, Ding Fengbo, escorting others to watch the tide, wild colors, traveling in Lushan Mountain, traveling with the Song people. Twelve Topics of Traveling with People in Songshan No.6, Jade Maiden Beating the Stone, Traveling with People in Tianmen No.7 of Songshan, Huaiqing Tang Shuo, Twelve Topics of Traveling with People in Songshan No.12 and Its Peak, and Traveling with People in Tianchi No.9 of Songshan, etc.
Second, anecdotes and allusions
When Fan Zhongyan was the first local official of _ state, he did nothing. One day, he took his colleagues and subordinates to a high-rise building for a banquet. Before drinking, he saw several people in Pima Dai Xiao building burial utensils, but they were not very angry. But quickly send someone to ask them. It turned out that a scholar who lived in _ state died and was going to be buried in the suburbs, but the coffin, grave and other funerary objects have not yet landed. Fan Zhongyan listened to the sadness behind him, immediately withdrew from the banquet and gave the bereaved a considerable sum of money to let them finish the funeral. Some guests at the party were moved to tears.
The second is that Fan Zhongyan once wrote an epitaph for others. When he finished writing the letter and was ready to leave, it suddenly occurred to him, "Yin Shilu can't help reading it. The next day, I gave the epitaph to Yin Shilu. After reading it, Shi Lu said: "Your article has a great influence at present, and future generations will quote your article as the basis, so you have to be cautious when writing. Nowadays, it is elegant enough for you to write the history of transshipment as a secretariat and the official names of the Han Dynasty, such as Taishou. But now there is no such official name, and later generations will be puzzled. This is the reason why vulgar Confucian scholars argue endlessly. Fan Zhongyan put his hand on the small table and said, "Fortunately, please have a look, otherwise I almost made a mistake." (Song Personnel Collection)
The third song is recorded in Lu You's Notes on the Old Learning Hall: "I like playing the piano, but I only play Lu Lushuang on weekdays, sometimes called Fan."
Article 4 (jρ) Rowing porridge: Fan Zhongyan lived in poverty when he was a child. His father died early, and his mother remarried because she couldn't stand the pressure of life. Fan Zhongyan had to go to the temple to study. He cooks porridge with two liters of millet every day. After the porridge solidified overnight, he divided it into four parts. He eats two pieces of pickles in the morning and evening and studies hard to become a man. Later, it was derived into an idiom: breaking horseshoes and rowing porridge.
Xuzhou's feelings "worry about the world first, and be happy after the world!" This is a classic sentence in the well-known prose "Yueyang Tower". For thousands of years, this sentence has encouraged many officials or intellectuals. The author Fan Zhongyan, a famous politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, became a household name. Open all the literature books, without exception, it says: "Fan Zhongyan, a native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province", that is, a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. I want to tell you a historical secret: Fan Zhongyan, a native of Suzhou, was born in Xuzhou and died in Xuzhou. The "knot of life and death" in this unique space reveals a fate of life. Mr. Tian Bingkai, a scholar of literature and history, said that it is impossible for a person to choose his birthplace, because all this is caused by the life experience of the previous generation. It is said that Fan Zhongyan's hometown is actually not in Suzhou, but in Youzhou, Hebei. "There was chaos in the Five Dynasties, and the deep and remote states were even more chaotic. At this time, Fan Zhongyan's great-grandfather (the fifth ancestor) was called Fan Sui. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, he served as the main book (deputy county level) of Liangxiang County, Youzhou. At that time, in order to escape the war, I ran to Zhejiang (Zhejiang was called two Zhejiang at that time, in fact, it is now southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang) and settled in Suzhou. " After Fan Sui settled in Suzhou, his descendants have been living in Suzhou. Until the end of the Five Dynasties, after Zhao Kuangyin's "Chen Qiao mutiny", the family was still in Suzhou. At that time, when the Great Song Dynasty was established in the north, there were still many separatist regimes in the south, such as Southern Han Dynasty, such as Wu Yueguo, and Southern Tang Dynasty. There are many countries south of Huaihe River, and Zhao Kuangyin has the task of unifying China. At that time, the king of Wu Yueguo was called Qian _. Fan Zhongyan's ancestors held important positions in Wu Yueguo. Mr. Tian Binge said: "Fan Zhongyan's great-grandfather was called Fan, who was the grain judge of Wu Yueguo at that time, that is, the official position in charge of grain and oil. His grandfather, Fan Zan, was a small official in the secretary's prison of Wu Yueguo, who was in charge of the library and archives for the king of Wu Yueguo. Fan Zhongyan's father is Fan Yong, and he was also in Wu Yueguo when he was young. Due to the great changes in the form of the south, the clever Wang Qian decided to take refuge. Mr. Tian Bingkai said: "He knows that reunification is a national event, and Wu Yueguo, as a small country, can't beat him if he fights with Song in the war, so he actively took refuge and said,' I am willing to pay tribute, and I am willing not to be king.' In this way, Zhao Kuangyin pointed the finger at the Southern Tang Dynasty. When fighting Nantang, Wu Yueguo copied the back road of Nantang, which led to the capture of Li Houzhu in Nantang. "However, it was not easy to surrender to the Song Dynasty at that time, and there were conditions. At that time, the policy of the Song Dynasty was very harsh. Finally, Qian _, the king of Wu Yueguo, took all his harem concubines, royal family and subjects, as well as the country's treasures, and took a big ship along the past Surabaya, now the Grand Canal, to Kaifeng, the capital of the Song Dynasty. This year was the third year of Song Taizong's peaceful rejuvenation of the country, in 978 AD. At this time, Fan Yong, Fan Zhongyan's father, followed wuyue Wang Qian _ to Kaifeng House with his whole family. Mr. Tian Binge said: "I guess it was not too old at that time, so the graves of Fan Zhongyan's ancestors, great-grandfathers and grandfathers were all at the foot of Tianping Mountain in Suzhou, and his father followed Yue to Bianjing. After the surrender of the Great Song Dynasty, Wang Qian named Huaihai King and renamed him King Deng. Later, in Duan AD (988 AD), King wuyue died. At this time, all the troops led by Yue were redistributed by the Song Dynasty, and Fan Zhongyan's father was appointed as the secretary of Wuning Army under our time. The headquarters where Wu Ningjun lives is in Xuzhou, and our troops are mainly responsible for it. He is the secretary general, so Fan Zhongyan's father settled in Xuzhou. " Subsequently, Fan Zhongyan's two brothers were born in Xuzhou. On August 2, 989, Fan Zhongyan was born. At this time, it has been 1 1 year since his father Fan Yong came to Xuzhou. However, the change of fate is always unpredictable. Just when Fan Zhongyan was two years old, his father Fan Yong passed away. The young Fan Zhongyan had to follow his family back to his hometown in Suzhou. Mr. Tian Bingkai said: "At this time, his mother and brother took him and escorted his father's coffin back to Suzhou by boat and buried it in Fan Cemetery at the foot of Tianping Mountain in Suzhou. The death of my father means that the whole family is cut off. His mother had no choice but to remarry to an officer named Zhu. The official surnamed Zhu was an official at Pingjiang. Pingjiang is now a deputy in Suzhou. After Fan Zhongyan remarried with Zhu, he followed his mother to Zhujiajian Island. " Fan Zhongyan, who came to Zhujiajian Island with his mother, has changed his surname to Zhu Shuo (Yue). A few years later, his father Zhu resigned and returned to his hometown in Changshan, Shandong. Fan Zhongyan also followed his stepfather to Shandong. Mr Tian Bingkai said, "It can be said that Fan Zhongyan has been in Zhujiajian Island with his mother since he was two or three years old. He spent his childhood and adolescence in Zhujiajian Island, and his late father should have trained him to read and write. Later, after his twenties, Fan Zhongyan became a scholar and became famous. At this time, he welcomed his mother back to Jia Fan and it took several years to restore his surname. " Subsequently, Fan Zhongyan, who had a compound surname, began to show his talents on the political stage. He used to be a magistrate, an emissary, defending the border and resisting the massive attack of Xixia people. Mr. Tian Bingkai said: "At that time, there was a system of valuing literature over martial arts in the Song Dynasty, because since the mutiny in Chen Qiao, Zhao Kuangyin, there were no rebels, but there were not many officers who could really fight. Therefore, the military equipment in the Song Dynasty was particularly weak and was often invaded, so civil servants were often sent to supervise the army. It was against this background that Fan Zhongyan went to the frontier. " In addition, Fan Zhongyan is an outstanding reformer and an honest official. Mr. Tian Binghua said: "At that time, political corruption began in the Song Dynasty, and the operation of the bureaucracy began to fail. Fan Zhongyan first put forward the slogan of reform and put forward 10 suggestions to the emperor, including: reducing taxes, cleaning up officials, strengthening military equipment, strengthening army building and strengthening the legal system. At that time, he was the deputy prime minister, responsible for punishing corrupt officials. At that time, there was a saying that' as long as Fan Zhongyan took a large sum of money, the family would cry'. Because when he investigates corrupt officials, he will catch them, and if he catches them, his family will cry bitterly, but Fan Zhongyan said,' I would rather make a family cry with a stroke of the pen than make people cry all the way.' (Note: Lu was the organizational system of the Song Dynasty at that time, and several counties could form a road. ) Because of his vigorous anti-corruption and anti-corruption, he was attacked by conservatives. Therefore, he was only a deputy prime minister for less than three years and was demoted to magistrate. The well-known Yueyang Tower was written when it was demoted. Many people have been to Yueyang Tower, and many people have written about Yueyang Tower. How did Fan Zhongyan write it? He caught a sadness and a joy written by Yueyang Tower, such as "the evil wind roars and the turbid waves empty", and you felt very sad at that time; The second song is "spring and autumn, up and down the sky, a blue sky." I am very happy. He grasped the words sadness and happiness. It is not the scenery that makes us happy, but what is happening in the world that worries us and makes us happy. In the end, he came down to one point, that is, "if you advance, you will be worried, and if you retreat, you will be worried." When can I be happy? He came to a conclusion: "The world is worried first, and then the world is happy." This actually puts forward a standard of sadness and joy for all feudal literati in a feudal era, which is what we now call "sorrow for the people of the world and joy for the people of the world." So this sentence has been 1000 years and has become the motto and motto to inspire every intellectual. Fan Zhongyan in his later years is still in the fate of being demoted as an official and has not changed. In the fourth year (A.D. 1052), when Fan Zhongyan was 64 years old, he decided to resign from his post in Qingzhou, Shandong Province and take a post in Yingzhou (Fuyang, Anhui Province) due to poor health. In the spring of this year, Fan Zhongyan got the permission of the emperor and set out from Qingzhou to take up his post in Fuyang, Yingzhou. When I passed through Xuzhou, my birthplace, my illness worsened and I had to stop and recuperate on the spot. I didn't expect this disease and never got up again. Mr. Tian Binge said: "Xuzhou at this time is well known as a good friend of Sun Li and Fan Zhongyan. After he came, he was seriously ill and a good friend, so he settled here. At this time, Fan Zhongyan was very organized. Lying in bed, he wrote a letter to the court, saying,' I am seriously ill and let me rest in Xuzhou for some time. After the emperor knew it, he specially ordered a doctor with excellent medical skills to be sent to Xuzhou to treat him. However, Fan Zhongyan eventually died of overwork in Xuzhou. At this time, his family took him to Henan for burial, so now Fan Zhongyan's tomb is still in Henan. "
Three. assess
Wang Anshi called Fan Zhongyan "the teacher of my life" in "A Tribute to Fan Yingzhou". However, in the 9th year of Ning Zaixi (1076) in May, Wang Anshi criticized Fan Zhongyan in front of Song Shenzong that "it is a very bad custom to have a good reputation and make friends, thinking that the party helps".
Zhu commented: "Fan Wen is an outstanding talent." "This dynasty Taoism sheng? There are also some gradients. Since Fan Wenzheng, there have been many discussions, including Sun Mingfu in Shandong, Shishou Road in Culai, Hu Anding in Huzhou, and later Zhou Zi, Cheng Zi and Zhang Zi. "
Lv Zhong said: "The first Confucianism talked about the characters of the Song Dynasty, with Fan Zhongyan as the first." "Preface to the Song and Yuan Dynasties" said: "Gao Ping (Fan Zhongyan) has been flawless all his life, and he has made great contributions by leading a horizontal canal into the holy room."
Wang Fuzhi criticized Fan Zhongyan: "(Gong Fan) takes the world as its own responsibility and its ambition is also. If left unchecked, you will be anxious. The chastity and evil of an old friend, the density of law, the suffering of poor eaves, the rise and fall of the poor, and the thinness of customs are all tied to his heart. ? If he is in charge of state affairs, he will like good and evil, not humble, but eager to discuss more; Being lucky, taking the exam, making words, making fu, stimulating tactics, asking questions, changing people, comprehensively verifying the name and the facts, and making rules and regulations, all without exception, are tireless. Just because it is long and urgent, it has made the world quiet for a hundred years, and people want to try it. All kinds of things, Feng and Shao Sheng, started from then on, not as safe as a quiet town. "
Ouyang Xiu carved a tombstone for Fan Zhongyan, which read, "Men have little ambition and each takes the world as his own responsibility."
Fourth, memorial buildings.
Memorial Hall Fan Zhongyan Memorial Hall is located in Tianping Mountain Scenic Area in Suzhou. Tianping Mountain is a famous mountain in the south of the Yangtze River with beautiful scenery. Fan's ancestors in history are famous for their "three wonders" of strange stones, red maple and clear spring. It is a famous scenic spot in Suzhou. 198 1 year, the Suzhou municipal government allocated funds to repair several dilapidated buildings, 1985 rebuilt the statue of Fan Wenzheng in public, 1989 built the Shipai Building engraved with "Worrying about the world first, making the world happy later", and set up a bronze statue of Fan Zhongyan, which became a local and nearby building. Nowadays, the Suzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government has excavated and sorted out a large number of historical relics for the needs of patriotism education, and made wax figures according to Fan Zhongyan's life story. Wax figures are made by science and technology, which are lifelike, and provide excellent teaching materials for visitors, especially teenagers, to understand Fan Zhongyan and learn from the broad mind and lofty morality of the sages. The museum has been listed as a "patriotic education base" by the Suzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government.
New Memorial Hall 20061October 28th, 10, Suzhou Tianpingshan Fan Zhongyan Memorial Hall was officially opened. The new museum was built on the west side of the original Fan Zhongyan ancestral hall, with the architectural style of the Song Dynasty. It is divided into three halls, one corridor and one room, with a total area of 600 square meters. Among them, the North Hall is the preface hall, which mainly includes the brief introduction of Fan Zhongyan's life and Fan's genealogy. The middle hall focuses on Fan Zhongyan's life achievements, while the south hall displays Fan Zhongyan's literary achievements, including his poems, essays, paintings and calligraphy, as well as his monographs and papers. In addition, the annex shows Qi Diao's "Ten Thousand Days Map" and "The World Treasures of Gaoyi Garden", and 16 porcelain paintings are also arranged on the wall of the corridor, showing Fan Zhongyan's life in the form of cartoons.
Tomb of Fan Zhongyan, a cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province. Fan Zhongyan was buried in Luoyang, south of Wanan Mountain, Xu Ying Village, Pengpo Township, Yichuan County, which is 5 km southeast of Luoyang City, Henan Province. East of Yichuan County, Henan Province17km. There is a village called Xu Ying, and Fan Yuan is 500 meters north of the village. A clump of green in the wheat field is dotted among them, and that is the Fan Garden. It is divided into two areas: the former is the tomb of Fan Zhongyan, his mother, Mrs. Qin Guotai, and his eldest son, Fan Chunyou, and the central sacrificial hall, in which there is a plaque of Emperor Guangxu's imperial pen "taking responsibility with Tao"; There is a stone tablet written by Ouyang Xiu. The Monument to the Sage in Song Renzong is 4.08m high, 1.4 1 m wide and 0.48m thick. The inscriptions are generally clear, including Weng Zhong, Shiyang and Shishi. The latter domain is the tombs of the second son Fan Chunren, the third son Fan Chunli, the fourth son Fan Chunchun and their descendants. The grave is surrounded by cypresses and trees. On May 25th, 2006, Fan Zhongyan's tomb, as an ancient tomb in the Song Dynasty, was approved by the State Council to be included in the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.