Shu Dao Nan: The Pursuit of Magic and Dangerous Realm
The difficulty of Shu Dao is an old topic in Yuefu, which belongs to the category of color tone of Xianghe songs. The traditional content is to "prepare the barrier of copper beam and jade base", and write more about the danger of Shu Road. Difficult Road to Shu was written by Li Bai when he was called to Chang 'an by Xuanzong in the early days of Tianbao to pay homage to Hanlin.
The poem begins with "It's dangerous to talk about drama!" The sudden start and extremely strong sigh laid the emotional tone of "the hard road" for the whole poem. Then, the poet said with great exaggeration, "Shu Dao is difficult to learn, and it is difficult to go to heaven", which made the theme clear. As the main line of the whole poem, this sentence is repeated three times in the whole poem, each time stronger than the other, adding appeal to the whole poem. The author begins with "It's more difficult to walk Wan Li Road than ascend to heaven", and describes the difficulties and obstacles of Shu Road in detail.
The next eight sentences in Can Cong, through ancient legends, describe the dangers of entering the Shu Mountain and the difficulties of opening the Shu Road. Can Cong and Yufu are said to be the ancestors of Shu. The poet imagined that Qin and Shu had been isolated from the world for tens of thousands of years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, because there was no way to pass. On Taibai Peak, only birds can fly over. It was not until the legendary five strong men of Shu seized the tail of the serpent that entered the cave and came out of the mountain that there was a "ladder stone stack" leading to the future between Qin and Shu. How magical and tragic this legend is! Obviously, it is more vivid and infectious to express the high risk of entering the mountain and the difficulty of opening up the Shu Road through legends than to directly describe them. Poets should not only write about risks and difficulties, but also devote their feelings to mountains and rivers. The poet eulogized the great struggle of ancient human beings to conquer nature by starting the legend of "strong man".
The four sentences "high, like on a tall banner, six dragons drive the sun" are closely related to "ladder stone stack" Through the "ladder stone stack", you can embark on the road from Qin to Shu. However, what does it feel like to climb this "ladder stone stack"? Looking up, it is also a "high standard"-a higher mountain peak, so high that even the sun god can't pass the six dragons' car, so he has to turn around; Looking down, another turbulent and tortuous river is flowing. Faced with such high mountains and obstacles, even a yellow crane can't fly in one fell swoop. Agile apes have to worry about climbing mountains and crossing mountains, let alone tourists! The poet used the fairy tale of "Six Dragons Returning to the Sun" to set off high standards, and his imagination was magical and magnificent. It is these rich imaginations and high exaggerations that make poetry full of romanticism.
These four sentences, "the mountain of green mud is made up of many circles", describe the twists and turns and high risks of green mud ridge. From Qin to Shu, Taibai Mountain and Qingniling are the only places to pass. I just flew over Taibai Mountain and there are only "Bird Road" and this "Blue Mud Ridge"! Qingniling Mountain is full of twists and turns. Standing on the top of Qingniling Mountain, you can look up as if you can touch the stars in the sky. Nothing is more thrilling than describing the height and danger of the mountain. Render the height of Taibai Mountain incisively and vividly, and depict the high risk of Qingniling without repetition. The lack of description, coupled with a strong lyric sigh: "Then, hold your chest with both hands and fall to the ground with a groan!"
From "we wonder if this path to the west will never end" to "how did a long journey come here?" The poet used the feelings and experiences of a passer-by to describe the difficulties and obstacles from Qin to Shu. On that high mountain, a traveler with a sad face appeared. He wandered along the rugged path between mountains and obstacles, stumbled in the remote and deep forest, and sometimes he heard the whining of birds, felt sad and depressed, and sometimes he heard the groaning of Zigui, which was empty and deep, mysterious and terrible. How can we not feel sorry for such a scene? Zhu Yan withered and changed, and strongly lamented that "the Shu Road is difficult to pass, and it is difficult to go to the sky." Through the personal experience and feelings of travelers, as well as the comparison of environment and atmosphere, the poet rendered the "fearless rock" on the Shu Road extraordinarily vivid and deepened the expression of the theme. The phrase "Lotus Peak" is a general description of the landscape of Shu Road, which is still observed by a traveler. This set of sentences is seven words, magnificent and fast-paced. Depicting the lotus peak as "no benefit in heaven"; The "waterfall" that imitates the cliff turning stone is the most exaggerated thing, and it is personified and written as "noisy". How thrilling it is to call the dead pine on the cliff "upside down" It describes the height of the mountain, the steepness of the wall and the rapidness of the water, and then comes down to a word "danger", which not only summarizes but also vividly and concretely describes the situation of mountains and rivers in Shu Road. Finally, I ended the expression with a touching rhetorical question: "Why do people from afar come here?"
Starting from Qin, I trudged through Shu Road and finally came to Shu State. However, the future is not optimistic, and the Jiange of "Magnificent Cui Wei" appears in front of us. When describing the dangerous situation of Jiange, the poet skillfully integrated the poems of his predecessors. Zhang Zai, a native of A Jin, wrote in the inscription of Jiange: "One person holds a halberd, and a thousand people stumble, which is also a place to win." On this basis, Li Bai used jackals, wolves, tigers and long snakes, which are the most terrible things in nature, greatly exaggerating the sinister situation and environment in Jiange Shudi. Therefore, this poem naturally boils down to "Although it is a city of Silk Road, I still want to return home soon", which means that Chengdu is a paradise, so it is better to return to my hometown as soon as possible. To sum up, "Shu Dao is hard to get to the sky, so look from the west." Then echo the beginning and point out the theme.
The poet imagines writing from the perspective of a traveler, from Chang 'an to Taibai, from Taibai to Sichuan along the Shu Road, and from Jiange to Jincheng in an orderly way. With the traveler's footprints, we seem to see the peaks inserted into the clouds, as if we were walking into endless mountains, as if we were climbing on a cliff, as if we heard the running of the river and the plaintive cries of birds ... At the same time, the poet is not limited to the actual writing of the traveler's experience, sometimes he directly expresses the traveler's mood and feelings, and sometimes he directly asks the traveler in the tone of a third party, which has a strong lyrical atmosphere, thus rendering comfort.
With rich imagination and exaggerated brushwork, I wrote the magnificent mountains and rivers in Sichuan, as well as my admiration and love for them. It shows the poet's broad-minded mind, heroic spirit and pursuit of magical and dangerous realm. In a word, Shu Dao Nan is one of the representative works of Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is recognized as a representative work that fully embodies Li Bai's positive romantic spirit. In this article, Li Bai described the magic and magnificence of Sichuan mountains and rivers with bold and unrestrained sentences and exaggerated techniques, showing the poet's rich imagination and amazing artistic skills, which has always been admired by people. It is one of the most artistic chapters in China's classical poetry.
According to legend, He, a great official and poet at that time, read this poem and praised Li Bai greatly, calling him a "fallen fairy" ("Skill Poem Gao Yi"). Yin Kun also said that Li Bai's articles such as Shu Dao Nan are "strange" and "poets with a sense of self are rare". Song Dynasty poet Li Biao said that Li Bai's Farewell, Shu Dao Nan and Du Fu's Seven Wonders in Tonggu County, Gan Yuan were "coquettish to the extreme, not under Qu Yuan". Li Dongyang, a poet of Amin, thinks that Farewell, Difficult Road to Shu and Du Fu's five poems, such as Ode to History, Wedding Farewell and Chedian, are also poems that "have been read by tens of millions of people for thousands of years without objection" and "never tire of reciting them all day".
On the Theme of Shu Dao Nan
Difficult Shu Dao can be said to be Li Bai's masterpiece. The poet vividly described the hardships of Shu Dao with his unpredictable and vigorous brushwork. This art shows the winding, majestic, rugged and dangerous terrain of the ancient Shu Road, and depicts a rugged and magnificent landscape of Shu Road that combines Wang Yang and Qu Yuan. No wonder He, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, praised this poem when he read it: "Before I finished reading it, there were four people sighing, and the number of fallen immortals was counted. It didn't take long to get rid of the scarab and get drunk "(Meng's Poetic Art). Yin Pan, a poetic critic in the Tang Dynasty, also praised: "It can be said that it is both strange and strange, and it is rare to return it from the poet" (He Yueling's Photo Album). In Song Dynasty, Lu Shiyong sighed: "Go with the wind and cloud, whip the sea and the moon" (On Poetry Mirror). Shen Deqian, a poetry critic in the Qing Dynasty, even boasted: "The brushwork is vertical and horizontal, such as flying, and thunder rises between the fingers" (Tang Poetry).
There are always different interpretations about the theme of this poem. To sum up, there are mainly the following points:
First, you du said
This theory originated from Dai Fan's book Yunxi Friendship at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and was later adopted by the biography of Yanwu in the New Tang Dynasty. According to this sentence, "if he is not loyal, but to his companion wolf?" It is inferred that I want to harm furniture and Du Fu, but I wrote this poem to worry about the safety of Fang and Du Fu.
Second, thorn Joan said
This poem is based on the sentence "One man can keep it, but ten thousand people can't force it", satirizing Zhang Qiu and Joan who were sent to China from the 27th year of Kaiyuan (739) to the 5th year of Tianbao (746). Li Bai wrote this poem to warn the imperial court against the rebellious heart of Zhang Qiu and Joan.
Third, fable theory.
According to the sentence "I don't know if the road to the west is endless" and "Although Chengdu is happy, it is better to return early", it is considered that the word "Jun" in the text refers to the person who fled to Shu during the Anshi Rebellion. Li Bai wrote this poem to persuade Tang Xuanzong not to stay in Shu for a long time, but to return to Chang 'an with national security as the priority.
Fourth, chant Shu's theory.
This statement is self-evident from Hu Zhenheng's "Li Shitong". He thinks this poem is "praising Shu's ear and saying its danger" and "the meaning of the wind is far away". In the Qing Dynasty, Gu also held this view in the Record of the Day, thinking that this poem was just a song about the land of Shu, "with no other meaning".
V. Persuasion theory
This sentence comes from the dictionary of Tang poetry appreciation, from the poem "one person guards it, and ten thousand people can't force it" What if he is not loyal, but a wolf to his companions? ",contact the background of the times at that time, that Li Bai had already seen the hidden crisis behind the peaceful scene, wrote this poem to exhort Tang Xuanzong to prevent separatist rebellion, and proved it with the Anshi rebellion ten years later, thinking that Li Bai's foresight was correct.
Sixth, farewell theory
See Selected Poems of Li Bai of Fudan University. From the two poems "We wonder if this journey to the west will never end" and "A man who has come from a long way here", as well as Li Bai's later poems "Ode to a Jiange" and "Farewell to friends in Sichuan", it is inferred that Li Bai said that the trip to Sichuan was difficult, which shows that the poet is worried about the safety of friends in Sichuan and hopes that they will return soon.
Seven, official career theory
According to this theory, on the surface, the poem describes the hardships of Shu Dao, but in fact, it describes the bumpy road of official career, reflecting the poet's life experience and resentment of repeated setbacks in his long-term roaming. Zhou Bai.
Eight, praise said
According to this theory, the whole poem repeatedly sings "the difficulty of Shu Dao", in fact, it strongly praises the fearless and lofty sacrifice spirit of the pioneers of Shu Dao in previous dynasties, showing a call and hope to completely conquer "the difficulty of Shu Dao". See Wang Kejian's Selected Poems of Li Bai. In addition, the high school Chinese textbook of People's Education Society thinks that this poem is "magnificent and heroic, which fully shows the poet's romantic temperament and love for the motherland."
In view of the above eight interpretations, we can distinguish right from wrong according to Li Bai's life experience and early ideological development, and then we can get its true meaning by connecting the background of this poem with the social historical facts at that time.
For the first three explanations, Ming Hu Zhenheng made textual research in Li Shitong. To refute, "and Joan in shu, there is no trace of arrogance. After he left the city in Zhide (756), Xuanzong Tianbao was lucky enough to enter Shu at the end, which was inconsistent with the age of He Jian (He) who enjoyed this poem at the beginning of Tianbao. This number seems to be a mystery. " And think that "there must be one thing at a time, and it will be lost soon?" Although his theory of "praising Shu" is unique, his thoughts are too narrow. The theory of "remonstrance" is purely subjective and absurd. "Farewell Theory" means "I can only see the trees, but not the forest". I just grabbed a few words in the article, took them out of context and turned a blind eye. The theory of "praise" is far-fetched and ridiculous. The theory of official career is quite insightful.
The author here wants to explore the true meaning of the difficult theme of Shu Dao from Li Bai's early life experience and ideological development. According to many historical records, Li Bai was born in Broken Leaf City in Central Asia in 19701and settled with his father in Mianchanglong, Sichuan at the age of five. Not very smart, claiming to be "carrying Liu Jia at the age of five and watching a hundred schools at the age of ten." Since Xuanyuan, I have heard a lot about it "(History of Shang 'an Peichang). Born in the Western Regions and influenced by its culture, he is good at fencing, fighting for the sword of Ren Xia, and often "exalts the crown and wears a male sword" ("Recalling the past and visiting Xiangyang to give Ji Ma Shaofu Giant"). He loved swords all his life and took them everywhere. Reading history books is also my favorite story about assassins and chivalrous men. In a sense, the sword is the weapon of his life, the embodiment of his lofty sentiments and the symbol of his ambition.
In the sixth year of Kaiyuan (7 18), Li Bai came to Zizhou, not far from home, to visit Zhao Kun in Chu Shi, who had lived in seclusion for many years. Zhao Kun is not only knowledgeable from ancient times to the present, but also likes fencing and miscellaneous studies in Ren Xia, especially despising the way of imperial examination, which is called misleading. Li Bai joined him in fencing, singing, cultivating immortals and monasteries, drinking heartily, laughing and talking about history, and became a pair of real friends who forgot the new year. Under the influence of Zhao Kun, Li Bai not only established his great ambition of governing the country and leveling the world, but also strengthened his determination not to set foot in politics through the imperial examination. It can be said that Zhao Kun's thought influenced Li Bai's life and paved the way for his later career full of thorns and bumps.
In the 12th year of Kaiyuan (724), it was the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, and the weather in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty inspired Li Bai's strong enterprising spirit. Li Bai "cherishes his economic ability and resists his nesting festival" (Song Zhongcheng's self-recommendation form), and holds a beautiful vision for the future. "I went abroad with my sword, but I left my relatives and traveled far away" (Peichang's History of Business Security). With the words of "strict officials", the art of seeking the emperor. I am willing to help my intelligence. The great ambition of "making the world big and the sea star bright" (biography of Dai Shoushan answering Meng Shaofu) can be "securing the country" and "helping the people" (Liang Yuanyin). However, due to the influence of Zhao Kun's thought and his bold and unconstrained personality, he did not want to pass the imperial examination and set foot on his official career like most literati, but "always wanted to make a blockbuster and soar to the sky" (Fan Zuo's Collection of Tombstones of Hanlin Bachelor Li), hoping to take a lobbying road and become a career from Buyi to Buyi, Zhou and Ma Zhou at that time. So he went out to Kuimen, near Jiangling, visited Dongting, went to Jinling, Yangzhou, Li Ji, Yuezhou, Suzhou, made friends, visited temples everywhere, or sought immortality, or lived in seclusion in the mountains, so as to cultivate his reputation, get the recommendation of dignitaries, and realize his grand wish of being recruited by the emperor. However, this trip was not as smooth as he imagined, but it made him experience the coldness of the world more deeply. Finally, as he summarized in the History of Shang 'an Peichang, during these three years, he "lamented himself", "fidgeted" and "moved south, but lost his way in the north". In the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727), I had to come to Anlu. This Yun Mengze, praised by Sima Xiangru, opened an important period of Li Bai's life and also marked the failure of Li Bai's first career.
In Anlu, although Li Bai claimed to be an alcoholic, it was actually a period when he worked hard for his political future. In fact, he is worried about Wei Que, who cultivates sages and gains fame by hiding. He often made friends with local officials, wrote letters to introduce himself, published poems to express his feelings, and met Chen Qing for some time. Through various efforts, he showed his poetic talent and political ambition. He visited Li Jingzhi, the satrap of Anzhou, and Pei Changshi, who succeeded him. He has written "Dai Shoushan, Answering Meng Shaofu's Relocation Document", "On the History of Li Chang in Anzhou" and "On the History of Peichang in Anzhou". In Anlu, he also married the granddaughter of Prime Minister Xu. The Xu family is an important family in Anlu. Li Bai's consent to this marriage may be mixed with some political factors. But at this time, Xu Fu had lost power and influence in the imperial court, and his marriage with Xu Jialian did not bring any benefits to his official career, and he was even laughed at by some people. At this point, all his political diplomacy in Anlu failed.
But Li Bai is by no means a person who gives up his ideal easily. He is full of confidence in his talents. After the failure of Anlu's political diplomacy, he personally went to Chang 'an in the 19th year of Kaiyuan (73 1) to seek a political outlet again. But the magnificent palace made him want to go in, but he couldn't. The official uniforms in the city let him know that he is not the master of Chang' an. So he lives in Zhong Nanshan, south of Chang 'an, because there are many literati who can't walk or don't want to take the imperial examination at all. They hope to achieve the goal of "cutting corners south" like Lu Zang. Here, Li Bai made many princes and grandchildren. Through hard work, he got to know Cui Jingzhi, Zhang Yue, Yi Cheung and others, but these people are just playboys, which certainly won't help him. He also hoped to meet Princess Yu Zhen (the younger sister of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty), and through the introduction of Princess Yu Zhen, "The Empress Dowager should meet in the nursery" ("Poem of Jade Fairy"), but he never saw it. "I want to go to the dragon to see the wise master", "Nine doors are blocked, and those who knock on the door with their forehead are angry" ("Fu Liangyin"), and Li Bai wants to see the wise master, but he is finally blocked by powerful people. In the late autumn of the following year, Li Bai angrily went to Taizhou and Zhou Fang near Chang 'an, looking for friends everywhere, hoping to find friends on the edge of the imperial city to recommend him. However, these friends are humble and helpless. At this point, he has been down and out, "Changfeng has become a short waiter, and his hands are like ice" (Xinping Youth). The anguish of being in politics, the humiliation of the sword-wielding giants and the anger of the cockfighting storm made Li Bai feel the difficulty of the road to politics, thus feeling the bumpy road of his life. "Sighing and hiding tears, lamenting the hardships of people's lives" (Qu Yuan's Li Sao). The blood and tears of Dr. San Lv more than 1000 years ago are so shocking to Li Bai now. When Li Bai was trapped in Chang 'an, he had a deeper understanding of the reasons for his tears when he sang Long song. Like Qu Yuan, he even wrote a poem "Sauvignon Blanc", using the metaphor of vanilla beauty to express his extreme depression that he could not serve you. Li Bai compared his beauty to Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, who missed him very much and symbolized his love for you. He wrote in the poem, "The high lights are flashing; My desire is getting deeper and deeper. I lift the curtain, sigh and stare at the moon. Like a single flower, with the cloud as the center, there is a high sky in the world. Below, I see the green and the agitation of water. The sky is high and the land is wide; My sadness flies painfully between them. Can I dream of crossing the mountain gate? . Sauvignon Blanc, destroying the soul, human feelings and love are the most important. Although he and Xuanzong are close at hand, they are far away in Qian Shan. Li Bai wrote his inner pain with this unforgettable love between men and women, which shows that his heart is red and his feelings are strong. Next, Li Bai wrote three "difficult to walk", expressing his feelings, freely venting Anlu's grievances and Chang 'an's refusal pain, and issued heckling questions such as "Feng wants to go home, there is no fish to eat, he is dragging his feet, he has no feeling", "Bones are lingering in the grass, who will sweep the golden platform" and "The road is as wide as the blue sky"
Just when Li Bai decided to leave Beijing, his good friend Lu Diao gave him a farewell dinner. At the banquet, Li Bai met Wang Yan, a good friend of Lu Diao. Having lived in Chang 'an for a long time, Wang Yan prepared to travel in Sichuan and seek official positions, so he asked Li Bai to write poems as a souvenir. Li Bai thought about the difficulties and obstacles of Wang Yan's going to Shu Road, the bumpy road of his career advancement, and the hopeless pain of life. His thoughts poured out, and the last song, Shu Dao, which combines the wonders of nature and the hardships of life, rushed out of Li Bai's chest like a dragon. The poet described the ups and downs of his official career with the hardships of Shu Dao, and expressed his resentment that he could not serve the country. The whole poem is full of sighs, sighs and regrets. However, what makes people cry more is Long song, which makes people sad to read. Therefore, Difficult Shu Road is not only a magnificent landscape map of Shu Road, but also an impassioned and lofty elegy. Although the poem constantly discourages pedestrians from wandering on the Shu Road, such as "The road ahead is getting darker and darker", "Dangers abound" and "Although the Silk City is beautiful, it is better to return as soon as possible", the five mountains of Shu Road are upside down and the pines are soaring, which is magnificent, daunting and thrilling. Therefore, Li Baichu entered Chang 'an for three years and got nothing. He left Chang 'an with a feeling of "shame" and briefly returned to his hometown. The ambition of "helping the poor" in his heart made him embark on a life journey like the Shu Road, and let him climb up and down this rugged and dangerous Shu Road.
On Mencius Zhang Wan: "Ode to his poems and read his books. I don't know who he is, ok?" It is based on its world, and it is still there. " Mencius believes that literary works are closely related to the writer's own life thoughts and the background of the times. Therefore, only by knowing people and discussing the world, that is, understanding the author's life thoughts and writing background, can we objectively and correctly understand and grasp the ideological content of literary works. This principle of Mencius had a far-reaching influence on the literary criticism of later generations, and was consciously or unconsciously followed by literary critics of past dynasties. In Qing Dynasty, Zhang Xuecheng said in Shi Wen Yi Tong Wen De: "If you don't understand the world of the ancients, you can't talk about their words. Knowing the world, I don't know where the ancients are, and I can't talk about their writings. " Different social background, poet's life experience, life ideal, value pursuit and aesthetic habits all determine the style and emotional theme of the works have their own characteristics. Only by "knowing people and discussing the world" can we make a correct evaluation of the work, grasp the interest of the poem and understand the poet's feelings.
The Difficulty of Shu Dao —— Heroism in Li Bai's Poems
First of all, the heroism in Li Bai's poems is the expression of his strong Ren Xia style.
Li Bai has been wandering the world all his life, generous and conceited, and unconventional. "I often want to make a blockbuster and soar. I will gradually move to Joe, I can't do it. " He values martial arts over Confucianism. He doesn't care about money and charity. He is arrogant. This formed his character of loving heroes. Reflected in poetry, he drew strength from the demeanor and style of countless ancient heroes and projected realistic ideals into history, thus establishing a gallery of heroes in poetry. He praised Cao Zeru, the hero of the world, for "Fu Liang Yin", and wrote King Taigong: "Don't you see that you are singing in the thorns and fishing for Weibin in the eighty west; I would rather be ashamed of my white hair, take water as light, and be strong and thoughtful when I meet the times. Wide Zhang 3800 fishing, dark and close in the wind. The Great Sage Tiger became stupid and unpredictable, and it was quite common in those days. " ; Praise the righteous who regard their fame as dirt, such as "Antique", and Lv Zhonglian wrote in the tenth chapter that "Qi has a good life and Lv Lian is wonderful. The bright moon rises from the bottom of the sea and shines once. However, Qin Zhenying's voice was loud and powerful, and later generations withered. It means less than 1000 yuan. Gu Xiangping smiled. I am also a slut, and my clothes can be adjusted in one tone. " Praise the British theory of loving talents and being virtuous, such as "Difficult to Go", in which: "Don't you know that the Yan family valued Guo Huai and made contributions to the talented people. Bend down and sweep the floor to welcome them? In the past. Drama Xin is grateful and hurt, serving him wholeheartedly, full of intrigue. The king's bones have been buried. Who will sweep the floor of the golden platform again? ! "Praise those famous ministers who are arrogant and unruly and insist on the dignity of cloth, such as in the mausoleum: Have you noticed that Levin drinkers are drafting, and they have already paid tribute to Duke Longhuai in Shandong. They don't worship heroes to distinguish them, but two women quit their jobs to follow suit. In the east, the city of Qi is seventy-two, and the command of Chu and Han is like a whirlwind. Crazy people are still down and out, let alone heroes! Most of the protagonists in his works are all-powerful figures in the turbulent and chaotic historical stage, which is inseparable from the lyric heroes. For example, he said in the poem "Rewarding Friends": Feng Shui is like seeing resources, casting a pole to the left.
Secondly, Li Bai's reverence and praise for the hero is the embodiment of his great ideal of saving the world and serving the country.
Li Bai had lofty ideals all his life. "Helping the people" and "settling down" are his greatest wishes. Even when he was relegated, he also cherished the political ideal of "how to build a good general without help" Not seclusion. Therefore, a large number of poems praising ancient heroes and famous officials appeared in his works. He envied Zhuge Liang's ministers like a duck to water and said, "I am also a grass-roots man, which is quite convenient." He recited Sean and Xie An affectionately. On the one hand, he added: "I stayed in Hou Li, and the source is unknown. Finally, I will go to the five lakes safely. " Since the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai regarded the situation as a struggle between Chu and Han, taking Sean and Han Xin as his own situation; After entering the Yongwanglin shogunate, he compared himself with Xie An, and when he joined the army at the age of 60, he also boasted of the drama of Meng, a hero of the Western Han Dynasty: "When I was sick, I went to the southeast for no reason. Five husbands don't care about it, and Meng plays first. " Born in prosperous times, Li Bai pays tribute to the heroes in troubled times. Of course, he doesn't just express his nostalgia for the past, because such figures are the sustenance of his generosity and enthusiasm, and the expression of his life desire to establish brilliant achievements and actively create self-value in history. At the same time, it has become a personification portrayal of the ideals of the times.