How was the Great Wall built?

Take advantage of the terrain and use local materials. Where there are mountains, try to use steep and dangerous ridges, with steep outer sides and gentle inner sides. And take stones from the mountain, cut them into neat strips, and fill them with lime and lime, which is very strong.

The loess area is dominated by soil rammer. In desert areas, reeds and red willow branches are used to spread sand and pebbles layer by layer, such as the Great Wall of Han Dynasty in Yumenguan area. The preserved city wall has been compacted and is not easy to be destroyed, and some sand and pebbles are bonded with reed branches, which is quite strong.

The steps of the watchtower are made of dozens of layers of fibers. In the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall was built with bricks and stones in important areas, and kiln factories were opened on the spot to burn bricks and tiles, and quarrying stones to burn lime.

The laborers who built the Great Wall mainly defended the army, followed by the forced civilian workers, and the third was sent to the prisoners of the army. When repairing the Great Wall, there was no machinery for construction and transportation, and it was mainly carried by manpower. The handling method is mainly queuing and transshipment, and simple tools such as hand-push trolley, log rolling, crowbar and winch can also be used. Although animal power is sometimes used, a lot of work is done by manpower. It is no exaggeration to say that the Great Wall embodies the wisdom, blood and tears of the Chinese nation for thousands of years.