Explanation: Make friends out of carelessness and help others out of inaction. This is "a close friend who never leaves."
This article is one of Zhuangzi's works. Zhuangzi, also known as Nanhuajing, is a Taoist scripture written by Zhuangzi and other scholars in the middle of the Warring States Period. After the Han Dynasty, Zhuangzi was honored as a real person in the south of the Yangtze River, so Zhuangzi was also called a classic in the south of the Yangtze River. His books, Laozi and Zhouyi are called "San Xuan".
Zhuangzi mainly embodies Zhuangzi's critical philosophy, art, aesthetics and so on. Its content is rich and profound, involving philosophy, life, politics, society, art, world outlook and many other aspects.
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I. About "Real People" and "Avenue Nature"
Zhuangzi always misses the perfect ancient society, so Zhuangzi is ancient, and only in that era can truly enlightened "real people" appear.
In The Grandmaster, Zhuangzi used parallelism to describe his ideal image of "real people" (some people think that these parallelism sentences describing real people were added by later generations, not by Zhuangzi). So what's the weather demeanor of "real people" in Zhuangzi's eyes? Zhuangzi believed that "real people in ancient times were not rebellious, unsuccessful and ignorant."
The so-called "infidelity" means not to jump to conclusions without warning. Moreover, real people in ancient times were open-minded and never arrogant. "Mo Mo style" can better reflect the image of a real person.
They will not be complacent because everything goes well, nor will they be depressed because they missed the opportunity. It is with this kind of mind and tolerance that we can turn ourselves into nature and avenue and reach the realm of unity of Tao and body. Therefore, all the real people we see have the ability to "climb high, enter the water and enter the fire without being hot".
Ancient real people showed a philosophical attitude before life and death. "Ancient reality, I don't know life, I don't know evil death. Not new, not far away. " Don't be happy for the arrival of life, and don't be afraid of the disappearance of life. They float in and out as freely as the wind in the world.
They "don't donate Tao with their hearts, and don't help heaven with people." People should conform to the road and nature, not exert external force on it or try to change anything.
Therefore, people in reality often make themselves extraordinarily calm and quiet because they can forget everything in their hearts. "Sad as autumn, warm as spring, affectionate, extremely suitable, I don't know its extreme." Real people can make their emotions change naturally as the seasons alternate. They keep their true colors, and everything is heartfelt and natural.
Second, about "freaks" and "dead and alive"
In Zhuangzi's works, there are often some images of "freaks". "Deformed people are deformed and surprised by the sky." "Abnormal people" are not only different from ordinary people in appearance, but also different in attitude towards life, but they are more inclined to nature. In The Master, there are a series of "freaks" with ugly appearance and strange behaviors.
Like Yuzi and Zilai, although their limbs are distorted and their images are ugly because of serious illness, they all maintain spiritual broadmindedness and inaction. They can "take nothingness as the head, life as the spine and death as the coffin", "know life and death as one", regard life and death as a whole, break through the bondage of foreign objects, finally forget life and death and realize spiritual transcendence.
It is precisely because "freaks" have mastered the meaning of life and death that they can still sleep peacefully and wake up contentedly when their son is "breathless and dying" when he is ill. Even after Hu Sang's death, Mencius and Zhang Qin did not show any pain, but "arranged music, played drums and sang".
In the eyes of the world, their behavior is against etiquette. However, for people like Zi Hu Sang, Zi Zifan and Zi Zhang Qin, they have long been outside the secular world, living in the realm of natural inaction, and all things related to customs and habits can only become fetters and encumbrances for them to be outside the secular world.
Therefore, after Hu Sang's death, his friends thought that death could make people return to their nature, and they were happy for Hu Sang's death.
Third, about "Tao" and "cultivation"
Zhuangzi, as the main representative of Taoist thought, most of his works embody a pioneer's thought; In The Master, there is a passage that is considered as the general program of Zhuangzi's Taoism.
This passage is "husband, love and believe, do nothing but see;" Transmissible but unacceptable, accessible but invisible; Since its roots, there is no heaven and earth, and it has existed since ancient times; Ghosts were born; Before Taiji, it was not high, under the six poles, not deep, born, not long, longer than ancient, not old. "
In this passage, Zhuangzi reveals that Tao is an objective existence, which is the reason and law of the birth of all things in the universe, but Tao is intangible and untraceable. In this passage, Zhuangzi's view on how to "get the Tao" is reflected, that is, "it can be spread but not accepted, and it can be gained but not seen". Tao can be conveyed from the heart but not delicious, and can be learned but not seen.
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