French modern garden landscape design concept and its inspiration
French modern garden landscape design concept
In a multicultural country, in a society full of variables , in an era of pursuit of individuality, as far as the entire industry is concerned, any single design concept or design method that one-sidedly emphasizes a certain aspect will eventually be abandoned by society. But individually, in the face of fierce competition, every designer has to pursue a personalized and specialized way of working. Therefore, as far as modern garden landscape design concepts and design methods are concerned, we can only "discuss people according to people and matters according to facts", and we must not generalize and use a few slogans to summarize the overall design concept of modern garden landscape. Different people may have different understandings of the same concept. Even the same person may come up with different design concepts when faced with different sites or projects. In addition, as the composition of modern garden landscape practitioners becomes increasingly complex and various design concepts emerge in an endless stream, we should pay more attention to the theories and practices of mainstream designers instead of one-sidedly following “pioneer” and “avant-garde” design theories. , or just keep an eye out for pieces that have a strong visual impact.
In general, the design concepts of modern French garden landscapes are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Pay attention to the design concept of the site
Respect the site, Adapting measures to local conditions and seeking to closely connect with the site and surrounding environment to form an overall design concept have become the basic principles of modern garden landscape design. The role of a landscape architect is not to deliberately innovate, but more to discover, to observe and understand the original characteristics of the site with a professional eye, discover its positive aspects and guide them. Among them, the process of discovery and understanding is also the process of design. Therefore, the best design looks like it has not been designed, but only fully explores and utilizes the landscape resources of the site. This requires the designer to summarize the greatest characteristics of the site based on a full understanding of the site, as the basic starting point for the design. As "Potential Brown" said, every venue has huge potential, and we must be good at discovering the soul of the venue.
2 Design concept that pays attention to space
Garden landscape is composed of two parts, one is the entity composed of some landscape elements, and the other is the space composed of the entity. Entities are more likely to attract attention, while space is often easily ignored. In particular, our current design methods often only focus on hard physical scenery, relatively ignoring soft physical scenery, and not paying enough attention to the shape, extension, and connection of neighborhood spaces, etc., resulting in various design methods of stacking scenery. . Therefore, it is particularly important for us to pay attention to the shaping of spatial structure and landscape pattern, emphasize the design concept that space is better than entity, and carry out overall design methods in the field of visual space. Lao Tzu said in Chapter 11 of the Tao Te Ching: "...Therefore, what is there is for benefit, and what is not is for use." In other words, the reason why the entity "existence" brings material benefits to people is because of the emptiness. "None" plays an important coordinating role.
3 Design concept that pays attention to timeliness
The biggest difference between garden landscape design and architectural design is that garden landscape changes with seasons and time, is alive, and is constantly changing. The earth is growing, moving, and changing. Therefore, the designer proposes a garden in motion as a lasting piece of nature. Therefore, landscape architects must carefully study time and timeliness factors, and pay attention to the effects of changes in garden landscapes over time, so as to create stable garden landscapes that can be updated over time. The birth of a garden landscape work is like the birth of a baby. Its own growth and change process can bring people great pleasure and satisfaction. Don't expect your landscaping work to be completed in one go, as that will lose a lot of fun.
4 Pay attention to the reproduction of regional landscapes
The so-called "regional" landscape refers to the sum of the natural landscape and historical context of a region, including its climate conditions, topography, hydrology Geology, animal and plant resources, history, cultural resources, various activities and behaviors of people, etc.
The scenery or landscape types we see do not exist in isolation, but are all connected with the development and evolution of the surrounding areas. Garden landscape design should be based on the landscape type and humanistic conditions of a region or as small as the surrounding site, and create a garden landscape type with local characteristics and a space that meets the activity needs of local people.
5 Focus on the design concept of simplicity
“Less is more”, simplicity is not simplicity, but on the contrary, it is a deep exploration and honest expression of the essence. Highly summarized design methods and expressive methods that use ink as much as gold are the basic requirements of the simple design concept. The simple design concept includes two aspects: First, the simplicity of the design method requires careful research and analysis of the design object, so as to grasp its key factors and reduce too many entanglements in details, so as to avoid detours and achieve a better outcome. The smallest change achieves maximum results, that is, getting twice the result with half the effort; the second is simplicity in expression techniques, which requires conciseness and summary, using the least elements and scenery to express the most important features of the landscape; the third is simplicity in design goals, which requires a full understanding of and compliance with the site The context, texture and characteristics of the landscape should be minimized to minimize human interference to the original landscape, which is the principle of "minimum intervention". The concept of simplicity actually requires targeted design and opposes closed-door design methods.
6 Design concepts that focus on ecology
In recent years, with the increasing global call for protecting the ecological environment, and under the influence of neighboring Germany, French landscape architects have gradually begun to Pay attention to the application of ecological concepts in garden landscape design. Regarding ecology, there are several points that need further elaboration. First of all, the deterioration of the global ecological environment cannot be solved by landscape architects alone. The ecological concepts reflected in garden landscape works are more about calling on the government and the public to pay attention to the ecological environment, and more about expressing a kind of ecological environment. Secondly, there are certain differences between the ecological concepts put forward by landscape architects and those put forward by ecologists and environmental protection organizations. Although their concerns have some overlap and integration, they are fundamentally different. Otherwise, society would not need the landscape architecture industry; finally, if designers are completely based on ecological principles, designers will often fall into extremes and be difficult to be accepted by society.
French landscape architects do not talk about "ecology" every day and shout various "ecological" slogans, but work hard to implement ecological concepts into some specific design methods. The original intention of ecology is to require landscape architects to learn more about living things, recognize the interdependent way of survival of all living things, and connect the living environments of various living creatures with each other. This actually requires us to have a holistic consciousness, treat living creatures and the environment with caution, and oppose isolated and blind rectification behaviors. The ecological concept cannot simply be understood as planting a large number of trees and increasing the amount of greenery. In addition, ecological principles require us to respect nature, use nature as our teacher, and study the laws of natural evolution; we must comply with nature, reduce blind artificial transformation of the environment, and reduce the maintenance and management costs of garden landscapes; we must build gardens according to the regional natural environment characteristics. Landscape type, avoid complete destruction of the original environment; respect the needs of other organisms on the site; protect and utilize natural resources, reduce energy consumption, etc. Therefore, wasteland, wilderness, ruins, seepage, regeneration, energy saving, wild plants, waste utilization, etc., constitute the key words in the ecological design concept of garden landscape.
7 Design concept of unity of opposites
Natural and artificial are the unity of opposites throughout the entire history of garden landscape development. Is it "people-oriented" or "nature-oriented"? Whether to transform nature or conform to nature is not only a criterion for measuring the form, style, and type of a certain garden landscape, but also a modern garden landscape design that is based on local conditions, site conditions and usage requirements. It cannot be affirmed or denied one-sidedly. Generally speaking, in urban environments, more consideration should be given to the combination of artificiality and nature, and natural artificial techniques. As we move away from the urban environment, the role of nature gradually increases.
Garden landscape design actually reflects the designer's knowledge and understanding of nature, and expresses it through design means. In various garden landscape forms, nature is always the source of design.
A landscape architect's knowledge and understanding of nature and how to deal with the relationship between nature and artificiality are important components of his design philosophy.
8 Design concepts that focus on science
Garden and landscape design is a wide-ranging and complex marginal discipline that intersects with and is influenced by many disciplines, such as biology , ecology, soil science, botany, aesthetics, etc. Therefore, landscape architects should adopt a scientific and rigorous academic attitude, fully study and understand the characteristics of each discipline, use modern scientific and technological means, and emphasize scientific design methods.
However, garden landscape design is a coordinating and comprehensive skill, and no single discipline can replace garden landscape design. Therefore, for a certain project, we can focus on the characteristics of a certain subject, but as a whole, it is not advisable to pursue one aspect of the characteristics one-sidedly. In a complex and changing society, the trend of single-minded landscape design is unsustainable. The current practice of emphasizing green corridors and wetlands regardless of site or environment is actually a misunderstanding of ecology and is destroying the ecological environment. It also causes the singleness and convergence of garden landscapes, which will eventually become like international architecture. Being abandoned like that.
9 Design concepts that focus on individuality
In a society that increasingly emphasizes individuality development and personal value, individual experience, personal understanding and personal emotional investment play an important role in garden landscape design. Its status is increasingly important, and it is also the guarantee of the diversity and richness of garden landscape design. The design concept that focuses on individuality does not encourage individuals to be conceited or work behind closed doors that are divorced from reality. Instead, it emphasizes individuals’ unique understanding of nature, society, ecology, art, history, etc., their unique experiences during travel, and their individuality. The unique design expression technique emphasizes the individual's unique understanding of the connotation and essence of the garden landscape.
Inspiration for the development of modern Chinese garden landscapes
In the past 10 years, China's garden landscape industry has developed by leaps and bounds. However, in the face of the increasingly open Chinese market and the fierce competition from all walks of life, especially from overseas designers, how can Chinese landscape architects raise the threshold of the industry and establish their position in the development of the industry? How to resist the comprehensive invasion and occupation of foreign cultures and remain invincible in the global competition? How to deepen the research and understanding of the cultural connotation of local garden landscapes while studying and drawing on advanced Western concepts and design methods, and create a modern garden landscape that is both in line with the trend of "global integration" and has the local cultural characteristics of the country, so as to avoid being in the global Completely losing oneself in the tide of globalization and being eliminated by world culture is a major issue that every practitioner of Chinese landscape architecture must face seriously.
A large number of garden landscape construction projects and poor design and construction standards have created a contradictory situation in which the overall modern garden landscape industry in China is thriving, but the design works are shoddy. If this continues, it will seriously hinder the healthy development of the garden landscape industry. Studying and studying the successful experiences and advanced design concepts of Western modern garden landscapes will undoubtedly have great reference significance for promoting the development of modern Chinese garden landscapes. However, whether we are learning from Western experience or inheriting Chinese tradition, we should adopt a scientific, rigorous and comprehensive academic attitude, focus on the study of its connotation and essence, and oppose all forms of taking out of context and using it for our own purposes. Therefore, the development process and design concepts of modern French garden landscapes have great enlightenment significance for us.
1 Standardize industry management and improve competition mechanisms
Only in a standardized, orderly, open and transparent environment with fair competition can good practitioners and good works appear. . In the eyes of serious foreign designers, China has not yet formed an atmosphere for producing "works" and "high-quality products"; in the eyes of domestic designers, the lack of a fair competition mechanism and a chaotic market are not conducive to the emergence of outstanding talents. Therefore, taking the road of standardization and marketization and improving the competition mechanism are the basic guarantees for the healthy development of China's modern garden landscape industry.
2 In-depth theoretical research and opposition to formalism
Research on the history and cultural connotation of Eastern and Western garden landscapes should be strengthened, especially their theories and concepts, and strive to grasp The essential content of garden landscapes opposes all kinds of simple plagiarism and formalism that do not seek a thorough understanding. While the Chinese were still superficially studying Laozi's teachings, foreign colleagues regarded him as the originator of space theory and deeply explored the essence and essence of his theory. Our garden design should not mention Chinese local culture, which means antique architecture, Feng Shui graphics, metal, wood, water, fire, earth, yin and yang, Bagua, etc.; when mentioning Western culture, it means European architecture, mechanical plane composition, and various Patterns, color blocks, various "styles", "features" and so on. It is necessary to promote a down-to-earth research style and oppose commercial hype that does not seek deep understanding.
3 Learn from Western methods and study local issues
To study and study modern Western garden landscapes, we must first understand the development process of Western garden landscapes, especially their historical background and cultural connotations. , as well as the scope and place of application. You cannot blindly copy and superficially put various style features into your own garden. We should focus on learning from advanced Western design concepts and design methods, and use this to study Chinese issues. We should pay attention to conceptual learning and research and oppose superficial imitation and plagiarism.
4 Promote preparation for a rainy day and put an end to quick success
Although our garden landscape market seems to be "thriving" and in full swing at present, we should ask ourselves, after nearly 10 years of development, Development, what does our gardening and landscape industry leave to us and to future generations? Now it seems that what is left behind is more of a regret, a garden landscape waste that people will be disdainful to face a few years later, and a waste and destruction of garden landscape resources and culture. With such an eagerness for quick success and quick gains and patchwork, China's gardening and landscaping industry will decline and even be despised by all mankind.
Conclusion
The ultimate goal of the large-scale comparison and research is to get some enlightenment from it and to produce some good garden landscape works in our country through practical work. What exactly is a good garden landscape work? A good work cannot be imagined out of thin air, but should "grow" from the site. Just like the principle of "a place of water and soil nourishes a person", a place of "water and soil" creates a landscape. Many insightful people and serious overseas designers are emphasizing the localized research on modern Chinese garden landscapes and are exploring ways to build garden landscapes with "regional" cultural characteristics. Nowadays, people are increasingly aware that the role of landscape architects is like that of gardeners. They must fully understand the hot soil under their feet, carefully select and breed seeds suitable for this "water and soil", and cultivate and care for it carefully, so that Its healthy growth.
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