It is reported that the China Academy of Sciences measured the total length of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal by satellite remote sensing technology to be 65,438+0,765,438+00 kilometers. This railway starts from the intersection of Wenyu River and Tonghui River in the north and ends at Hangzhou Chen Gong Bridge in the south. Therefore, this length is 72.5 kilometers shorter. Because the northern starting point of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal should go up the Wenyu River, continue to extend to the northwest along the Nanshahe River, and reach the former site of Anji Bridge in the west of Jingmen, the ancient town of Gonghua, Changping District.
The author said this with historical data as evidence. "Ming history? "River Record" contains: Changping River, the official road in Zhu Ling, is also a major traffic artery. From Anji Bridge outside Gonghua City to Tongzhou Ferry, the total length is 145 Li. Among them, it is difficult to dive for 30 miles. Qin Long has been deepened for six years, and eight guards, such as Changling, have been transported with food of 40,000 stones per month. It becomes a cycle. Anji Bridge is a seven-hole stone bridge built on Nansha River during the orthodox period of Ming Dynasty. For more than 500 years, due to repeated floods, it collapsed during the Republic of China and was impassable. Its former site is roughly equivalent to the location where the Beijing-Tibet Highway crosses the Nanshahe River today.
Canal builders, that is, manually digging navigable rivers. The Nanshahe River from Anji Bridge to Tongzhou Ferry has been artificially dredged to achieve the purpose of navigation. So this section of the river should be regarded as a part of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. At that time, 40,000 stones of grain were transported from Tongzhou to Gonghua City every month through this section of the river, and the utilization rate was not high. Besides, this is only the traffic volume in Qin Long's time. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, the monthly transportation volume should be at least 60,000 stones. Because during the Qin Long period, eight emperors were buried in Tianshou Mountain in Changping.
The author said this with two local chronicles as evidence. "Guangxu Changping state records? Chronology of events:? In the sixth year of Qin Long, Governor Liu Yingjie and Governor Yang Zhao agreed to dredge a river from Anji Bridge outside Gonghua City to Tongzhou Ferry, which can be as long as 145 Li to transport the salaries of mausoleum officials. Send three thousand soldiers to rule it. ? In the first year of Wanli, Tongzhou transported grain and stones to Dianjing warehouse and forwarded them to Juyongguan and other warehouses to pay attention to military supplies. The finishing touch warehouse should be in Gonghuacheng, because Gonghuacheng has a finishing touch warehouse. Military rations are not only supplied to the troops guarding the mausoleum, but also to the troops stationed in Juyongguan and other places.
The author says there are three poems written by Ming people as proof. Cui, an Amin, once wrote a poem called Eight Scenes of Yanping. Yanping is the old name of Changping. These eight scenic spots are: evergreen pine and cypress cover, outstanding Tianfeng, fairy tales in caves, Yinshan Iron Wall, Huyu Huijin, Longquan Yumo, Anji Springs and Juyong Snow. Among them, a poem about Liu Jichun is written like this:
South of the Shahe River, the sails are thick and the spring water is suitable for passenger ships.
* * * means that Lingyuan is connected with Lushui. I like to see the deep vein, namely Cangzhou.
As many seagulls as possible sleep in the sand. They want to have a bullfight beside the stars.
There are many wins in the auxiliary name area, and Chu Yunxiang has a long month.
In this poem, it is said that the earth melts in spring, the river opens, and the sails of Nanshahe River belong to each other. Because this river is connected with the Luhe River, you can buy a boat and go down to Cangzhou, Hebei. After artificial dredging, the Nansha River has a wide water surface and considerable flow, and there are many waterfowl in Shazhu on the shore, just like the water town in the south of the Yangtze River. This poem also proves one thing: there were not only cargo ships carrying rations, but also passenger ships for people to ride.
The author grew up on the bank of Nansha River and often swam in the river when he was a teenager. On the east bank of Fujingmen, there is still a brick revetment that has not been launched. Do the locals call them? Diaoyutai? .
To sum up, there is no doubt that the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal extended northward to Nansha River in Ming Dynasty.
Textual research on the origin of some place names and dialects in the middle reaches of Weihe River
As one of the oldest rivers in China, Weihe River gave birth to the oldest national culture in China. The Weihe River basin, especially the middle and upper reaches of the Weihe River, is one of the important birthplaces of the Chinese nation. The Dadiwan cultural site that shocked China and foreign countries about 8,000 years ago was discovered here. It is also the birthplace of ancient Fuxi, Nuwa and Xuanyuan culture, and the first unified feudal dynasty in China history? The origin and rising place of the Qin Dynasty.
Weihe River Valley, starting from Weiyuan County, Gansu Province, and passing through Tianshui to the west of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, has always been a mountainous and gully terrain, especially the Tianshui area in the middle and upper reaches of Weihe River, which is not only the Xiaolongshan forest area at the western foot of Qinling Mountain, but also the marginal area of the loess plateau extending southward, especially the Fiona Fang area of Tianshui City, where a beautiful and peculiar natural landscape has formed: the north bank of Weihe River, and some vegetation scattered on the loess high slope, Weihe River.
The special geographical environment and humanistic environment make some place names in Tianshui section of Weihe River basin full of magical elements. The eastern part of Maiji District in Tianshui City, namely Long Yuan Town and Sancha Township, still retains some folk customs and language features in the pre-Qin period. As a native of Tianshui, especially a rural child in the east of Tianshui, my love for this land makes me full of feelings for everything here.
First, textual research on place names.
(1) Huanglong
There is a village called Huanglong in Sancha Township, Maiji District, Tianshui City. Huanglong Village, located on the north bank of Weihe River, is a village built on the mountain. Weihe River is in the south of the village, backed by green hills and cypresses. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, the environment is beautiful. From the perspective of feng shui, it is an excellent place for feng shui. Then why is this village called Huanglong?
Historical records? "Xiao Wen Ben Ji" says: In fifteen years, Huanglong became a Ji. The son of heaven also called Lu Gongsun Chen, thinking that he was a doctor and preached virtue.
Historical records? "Biography of Prime Minister Zhang" said: The post-Huanglong is the discipline, and the Emperor Wen called Gongsun Chen as a doctor, and the calendar and grass soil system were the first year.
According to the comprehensive analysis of historical data, Paleogene belongs to today's water-centered area. In an era when the ancient administrative divisions were not very clear, Huanglong Village was probably in Paleogene, and there were cultural relics related to Fuxi and Nu Wa in a scenic spot near Huanglong Village, such as Butian Stone.
Apart from the explanation I got from historical materials, the source of the name of Huanglong place name has not been confirmed by archaeological achievements and folklore for various reasons, so it is hard to say.
(2) Bai Yang
Boyang Town, located in the east of Maiji District, is famous for its rich peaches. Local scholars in Tianshui have studied more about the origin of Bai Yang's name, which is related to Laozi, the ancestor of Chinese studies.
History: Laozi (about 57 BC1? 47 BC1), the word Bo Yang, posthumous title Yong, also known as Li Er (ancient? Old? And then what? Lee? Homophonic; ? Hey? And then what? Ears? Synonymous), Qu (now Taiqinggong Town, Luyi County, Henan Province) [person]. Legend has it that Yin Jian, the company commander of Hanguguan, came from the East, and Lao Tzu rode a green cow, so he worshipped Lao Tzu as his teacher. After Yin was influenced by Laozi, he resigned and went west with Laozi to his hometown of Tianshui. On my way to the west, I passed by Bai Yang Town, where I set up a lecture platform to educate the people's wisdom, hence the name Bai Yang.
According to textual research, Yin, the commander-in-chief of Hanguguan, was from Yunxian County in the pre-Qin period. The specific research result is that he is from Boyang Town, Maiji District, Tianshui City, and now Boyang Town is called? Yin is the hometown? ; Today, Bai Yang still has Taoist temples built by Lao Zi and Yin Zao in the Yuan Dynasty. Taoist worship of Laozi is called Berlin view, and there is also a lecture platform. There is Yindao Temple more than ten miles behind the mountain. What's its name? Yin is the hometown? . There are couplets in front of the temple, saying? Zhanghua enters a hundred schools in nine chapters, and recites virtue in five thousand poems? .
(3) Water pipes
Shuiguan Village is located in Sancha Township, Maiji District. The whole village is located on the floodplain on the south bank of Weihe River. There are mountains on both sides of the Weihe River, with high loess on the north bank and full of green on the south bank. In recent years, the environment has been greatly improved due to the increasing benefits of pepper.
Shuiguan village is relatively open, and everything is a valley. Although there are two mountains between the north and the south, the buffer zone between the north and the south is still sufficient for the whole village. Then why is this place called Shuiguan?
In Chinese, Guan refers to the guarding places set up in dangerous places or national borders in ancient times, such as Hangu Pass and Yanmenguan Pass. Careful observation of the topography and geographical location of Shuiguan village shows that it is indeed an ideal zone for setting up customs. In ancient times, traveling eastward from Qin Zhou or westward from Chang 'an along the Weihe River was undoubtedly the nearest choice. The Ministry of Communications' Historical Research on Highway Traffic (No.5, 1984) says: What is the oldest road from Guanzhong to truth? Through the waste hills (now Xingping, Shaanxi) and Guo County (now Baoji County) to (east of Baoji City), then through the Weishui Valley, along the (later) Southern and Northern Dynasties from the county seat to Anyiguan Highway, and westward to Tianshui and Longxi County. Then from Chang 'an to Qin Zhou, Shuiguan is the only way. Perhaps it is not an official level, or it may be a level set by the single king, because there is no relevant historical evidence, so it is unknown.
In addition, the Weihe River in ancient times was not as small as it is today, so it must be a rough river. The geographical location of Shuiguan is the only way for Chang 'an and Qin Zhou to communicate with the East and the West, and it is also the frontier of communication between the Central Plains and the Western Regions. The establishment of customs here is of military, traffic and economic significance.
(4) Telu
Tailu Village is located in Sancha Township, Maiji District, on the south bank of Weihe River, at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces in the southwest of Weihe River Basin (in a narrow sense), and Jianhe Village belongs to chencang district in Baoji City on the north bank of Weihe River. Although there is no formal textual research on the origin of the name of Tailu Village, it has a long history according to some folk sayings and local relics.
During 1978, villagers in Jianhe, opposite Tailu Village, discovered bronzes, including garlic pots and 26-year-old Ge. Twenty-six years ago, Ge Shang had an inscription? Twenty-six years, keep making, attacking and attacking. Arsenal? From then on, Ge's shape was considered as the 26th year of Qin Dynasty. Keep? What are the first two words? Qi Long? ,? West workshop? When the workers of Xigou Mountain in Qin Dou built it, it was under the central government. After field investigation in Baoji Museum, it was identified as the tomb of A Qin during the Warring States Period, and the shape and burial style of the tomb could not be distinguished.
In 2002, Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology discovered a large-scale Qin cemetery on the gentle slope south of Jianhe Railway Station, and excavated more than 60 Qin tombs. Most of these Qin tombs are vertical or eccentric, east-west, and a few are north-south. The tomb walls are regular, and the pits are deep and large, filled with rammed earth. Most of the funerary objects are pots, pots, pots and other pottery, which are placed on one or both sides of the cave. This shows that Jianhe Village and its surroundings, including Tailu, have a long history.
In addition, there is a temple with dual functions of Buddhism and Taoism in Tailu Village-Berlin View, which is dedicated not only to Taoist figures, but also to Buddhist masters like Xuanzang. The history of Taylor's Berlin view can't be verified now, but it is worth affirming that it has always been one of the most prosperous Taoist temples in Fiona Fang with dozens of incense.
Second, the characteristics of some village dialects in Weihe River Basin
Weihe valley refers to the dangerous mountain road from Baoji to Tianshui, which is about 140 km long and is an important passage from Guanzhong to the northwest. This area is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization, and it is also an important area for ethnic integration and cultural exchange throughout the ages, but as far as Fiona Fang dialect is concerned, it is quite different.
(1) Dialect type.
In this area, as far as Sancha Township and Longyuan Town in Maiji District of Tianshui City are concerned, different villages are more or less different. For example, Longyuan people, and even some villages in the west of Sancha Township, will it? What about you? Reading? Cattle? (three times), will it? Me? Reading? Ao (three tones)? , the most bifurcation people will? What about you? Reading? Ni (three tones)? , will it? Me? Reading? Wordy? Do some people? Me? Reading? Cai? . Who will be Tailu Village in Sancha Township? Have you read yours? nidi？ On the other side, people in the northern fishing village are reading? Niudai? . There are at least four or five features like this, and these are just two adjacent towns.
(2) Pronunciation tone.
In Sancha Township, Maiji District, because it is close to Shaanxi, people here all speak with a Shaanxi accent, but if you distinguish it carefully, it is slightly different. There are four tones in the language pronunciation of Qianjin village in Sancha township, that is to say, go to the customs, such as: have you eaten? In sancha township, most people will? Eat? Read as one, and people here read as four; What will the progressives do? What? Reading and doing? Sand (four tones)? And what do people in Beiyu Village do when they study? Sand 1.
This Fiona Fang area is not too big. Why are there so many accents that are not obvious but easy to distinguish? In addition to the historical reasons mentioned above, the large-scale migration of population in modern times, such as the construction of the third line, the construction of the Longhai Railway, trade exchanges, and the great famine in the 1960s and 1970s, all led to the large-scale migration of population, and a new dialect, the Weihe River Basin dialect, was formed here. Obviously, it is the dialect of Tianshui city. There are great differences in speaking habits, pronunciation and intonation between city dwellers and country dwellers, and Tianshui City and several neighboring counties are also different.
(3) Names left over from history
In addition, there is an important language feature here, that is, the village? Village? How many words are converted into? Are you online? Words, such as Sancha Township, almost everyone calls their villages xx Li, Tailu Li, North Li, Water Pipe, Dagou Li, Xiaogou Li, Maowo Li and so on. ? Are you online? In my opinion, this is not only a change of language, but also a legacy of historical system. There was a system of "Li Zheng" in the pre-Qin Dynasty and even in the Han Dynasty, which were called "Li Chang", "Township Head" and "Pavilion Chang" respectively. History: In ancient times, five families were neighbors and five neighbors were neighbors. As the hometown of the pre-Qin period, the Weihe River Basin may be more related to such a historical system.