Tilan Bridge-has the characteristics of early opening and multicultural intersection. Xia Hai Temple, Moses Hall and Huoshan Park attract Chinese and foreign tourists with their unique historical and cultural values. Dongdaming Road, headed by Shanghai Shipping Exchange, attracts people, business and port culture.
Tilanqiao, a famous historical street in the past and a gold market today, is located in a prime location on the North Bund, and has a unique geographical advantage of "three pillars" with the old Bund and Pudong, which is known as the "World Architecture Expo Group". In 2002, while accelerating the new development of Shanghai's international economic, financial, trade and shipping center, the Shanghai Municipal Government, in accordance with the requirements of internationalization and modernization, built the North Bund area into an international shipping business district, a modern business district, a high-grade residential district and a riverside leisure district. The new prosperity of Tilanqiao area will make the famous streets with profound historical accumulation show more charming style.
When it comes to Tilanqiao Prison, many people will say that a prisoner who has served a sentence of 10 years will change his cell every day, and he will not live forever after he is released from prison. This joke illustrates the size of this prison.
Tilanqiao Prison is called "the first prison in the Far East" because it is bigger than Mumbai Prison in India and Nest Duck Prison in Japan.
At its peak, Tilanqiao Prison held more than 8,000 prisoners. Xu Jiajun said that in the 1930s, Tilanqiao Prison was also the prison with the largest number of detainees in the world. One of the reasons why so many prisoners can be held is that the cell area here is very small.
The cells in Tilanqiao Prison are mostly small rooms of 3.3 square meters to 3.6 square meters, with one for three people. Prisoners used to sleep on the first floor. Now every cell has bunk beds and movable beds, which are pulled up as cabinets during the day and put down as wooden beds at night. According to local conditions, detention conditions have been greatly improved.
In order to distinguish so many prisoners, prisons in the concession period made prison uniforms into different styles of signs. The word "Y" is printed on the chest, back and knees of prisoners on death row. Different sentences have different styles and colors. Prisoners on death row wear yin and yang clothes (also called mandarin duck clothes) with one side white and one side black. For the convenience of wearing shackles, their prison pants are all grape buttons from crotch to trouser legs. As soon as the prison guard sees the prison uniform, he can immediately identify the prisoner's sentence.
Tilanqiao also has an 8-square-meter cell with a fixed iron bed, iron table, iron stool and toilet, which was designed by the British to hold foreigners in those days and is called "the prison for westerners". Because it is cross-shaped, it is called cross building.
It was later converted into the Shanghai Prison Exhibition Hall, which was officially opened on February 29th. 1999. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, hundreds of Japanese war criminals were held here successively. After liberation, it was turned into a women's prison, and Wang Jingwei's wife Chen Bijun also spent the last 10 year of her life here.
In addition, on the 3rd floor of Shanghai Prison Exhibition Hall, there is a room with an area of18m2, a square hole with an area of1.8m2 in the middle of the floor, and two raised floors on both sides of the square hole. When the handbrake is pulled, the movable floor will be separated to both sides with a bang, revealing a square hole; There is the same device on the second floor. This square hole can lead directly to the morgue on the first floor, and the body can be hoisted directly into the morgue downstairs through it.
1On the morning of April 22nd, 946, Japanese war criminals sentenced to death were hanged here.
The outdoor execution ground of the prison
In the north of Tilanqiao Prison, No.280 Kunming Road, four golden characters "Xin 'an Auditorium" are written on the door frame, which used to be an outdoor execution ground corresponding to the indoor execution ground.
When the reporter visited, there were several chairs outside the auditorium gate, and the owner disappeared in the hot noon, only these chairs. The door next to it says "family meeting", and the iron railing a few meters long outside the door is where the prisoners' families line up.
There will be a long queue here every visiting time, which extends to the alley across the street. When the reporter interviewed a nearby resident, she reached out to the distance as if hundreds of people were waiting here.
Mr. Chen, who has lived here for 70 years, lamented that this is now a place to meet relatives and used to be a place to behead.
Wang puppet traitors Liang Hongzhi, Chang Yuqing, Fu, and more than a dozen Japanese war criminals, including Kurosawa Kenan,, and Zhiyuan Pingsaburo, were successively shot here; * * * party member and revolutionary martyr Wang Xiaohe also died here.
In the early days of liberation, many prisoners were put in prison, and some were directly escorted here to be executed after being sentenced to death by the military judicial department of Shanghai Military Management Committee or the people's court.
The outdoor execution ground was originally separated from Tilanqiao Prison by a wall, and the execution ground surrounded by bamboo fences was often filled with nearby residents, including many children at that time.
The outdoor execution ground ceased to be used in the early 1950s. 1956, today's auditorium and interview room were built around the original site.
The future of Tilanqiao
Regarding the recently rumored news that Tilanqiao Prison is about to close, the staff on duty at the prison gate said that they had not received the relevant notification documents. The reporter interviewed the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Justice and the Prison Administration by telephone, and they also denied the news of the relocation. However, the thoughts and suggestions on the functional transformation of Tilanqiao prison in a prime location have never stopped.
Professor Qu Kun said that the formal proposal for the functional transformation of Tilanqiao Prison should be at the "two sessions" in Shanghai on 20 12. Many members of Hongkou District submitted a proposal on the functional transformation of Tilanqiao Prison. At this year's "two sessions", they continued to submit proposals.
In fact, as early as 2009, the regulatory detailed planning of the North Bund community approved by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government clearly listed Tilanqiao Prison as an urban renewal and functional replacement, and its land will be replaced by commercial, cultural and commercial comprehensive land.
In May this year, the Hongkou District Government proposed that, according to the cultural characteristics of Tilanqiao Prison, the key protection part should be planned as a museum with the theme of classic cultural elements such as anti-Japanese war culture, Jewish culture and red culture and a legal education base with the theme of prison culture.
At the same time, the unique architectural style of Tilanqiao prison and the local Jewish network resources make it possible to partially transform the prison. The Hongkou District Government proposed to use the privacy of the prison to transform it into a place for designing, testing and displaying high-end cultural products such as diamonds. You can also refer to the successful cases such as the transformation of Oxford Fort Prison in England, and some of them will be transformed into concept hotels with the theme of cultural exchange experience to attract young tourists.
Ruan, a professor at Tongji University, revealed in an interview that some buildings in Tilanqiao Prison have been relocated, will be closed and fully protected, and may appear in the form of a museum in the future. This is a fact. He also revealed that Tilanqiao Prison is a solid building with high security. Many buildings that are still in use will be adjusted in the future, and some uncoordinated buildings around will be demolished, which is currently under overall planning.
However, the relocation of the prison is the premise to realize the function replacement of Tilanqiao prison. At present, the problem of prison relocation mainly focuses on the land scale and capital demand of new prison site selection. According to the reply of the proposal of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Soil Planning in May this year, the Shanghai Prison Administration put forward the initial demand of "building two medium-sized prisons, covering an area of 300 mu to 500 mu, with a total construction area of 6.5438+0.6 million square meters", but in view of this demand, the relevant parties have not reached a consensus on whether it conforms to the actual situation of Shanghai and its location.
The staff of Shanghai Prison Bureau said that it is very complicated from project establishment, site selection, construction to prisoner relocation, and it will take at least two or three years or even longer. The news that it is about to close is not accurate.
Xu Jiajun believes that Tilanqiao Prison is the prison with the longest detention time and the largest number of detainees in Shanghai, and the relocation of the prison is a very cautious matter. The relocation of Tilanqiao Prison must follow at least two laws, one is the prison law and the other is the cultural relics law.
Article 1 1 of the Prison Law stipulates that the establishment, cancellation and relocation of a prison shall be approved by the judicial administrative department of the State Council. Tilanqiao Prison is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Article 23 of the Cultural Relics Law stipulates that the national key cultural relics protection units shall be used for other purposes except setting up museums, storage places or converting them into tourist places, and the people's governments of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) shall report to the State Council for approval.
"Now some media reports are not serious enough, some just have no idea of approval, and some are purely hearsay. Violation of the provisions of the Prison Law and the Cultural Relics Law. " Xu Jiajun pointed out that Tilanqiao Prison, as a national key cultural protection unit, should be reported to the State Council for approval if it changes its use. Tilanqiao Prison has more than 3,800 cells, most of which are 3.3 to 3.6 square meters, with reinforced concrete walls on three sides and iron bars thicker than fingers on one side. How to use these special buildings? We need to think about it.