There are more than forty kinds of houses. It can be roughly divided into seven categories, namely: quadrangles, caves, dry-fence houses, yurt tents, Tibetan houses, Uighur houses and other special types of houses.
Siheyuan:
Regular quadrangles, one household, one house, the plane pattern can be large or small. The owner of the house can build it according to the size of the land area and the size of the family. It can be as small as one entrance, as large as three or four entrances, or it can be built two yards wide. For the smallest, the room is13; The first or second hospital has 25 to 40 rooms.
The back wall of the wing is a courtyard wall, and the corner is bricked again. This big quadrangle is surrounded by walls from the outside. The wall is very high, and no window is opened to show its privacy. Institutionally, many palaces and temples are also designed and built according to the layout of quadrangles.
Extended data:
Historical evolution of quadrangles
Siheyuan has a long history. As early as 3000 years ago, there were complete quadrangles in the Western Zhou Dynasty in China. The remains of Jin Liang quadrangle unearthed from Joo Won? site in Feng Chu village, Qishan County, Shaanxi Province, are the earliest and most orderly quadrangles known in China.
The quadrangle architecture in Han Dynasty has been updated and developed. Influenced by geomantic omen theory, quadrangles have a whole set of views of Yin-Yang and Five Elements from site selection to layout. In the Tang Dynasty, quadrangles inherited the Han Dynasty and the Song and Yuan Dynasties, with a narrow front and a narrow back.
However, the quadrangle that prevailed in ancient times was the corridor courtyard, that is, the central axis of the courtyard was the main building, surrounded by corridors, or houses on the left and right, rather than houses on all sides. In the late Tang Dynasty, quadrangles with cloisters appeared, gradually replacing cloisters. After the Song Dynasty, cloisters gradually decreased and disappeared in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, quadrangles gradually matured. Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan "told the residents of the old city that the capital was too old, and those who lived in high places (rich people) and occupied places (serving in the imperial court) came first, and customized eight acres of land for one point", which was distributed to wealthy businessmen and officials who went to the metropolis to build houses, thus beginning the period of large-scale formation of traditional quadrangles in Beijing. In the early 1970s, the ruins of Yuan Dynasty quadrangles unearthed in Houyingfang Hutong, Beijing, can be regarded as the embryonic form of Beijing quadrangles. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beijing's unique quadrangle architectural style was gradually formed.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, many quadrangles in Beijing have become miscellaneous hospitals. After the reform and opening up, with the development of urban transformation, many traditional quadrangles have been demolished, such as 1998 Kangyouwei Xinyue Dongge, Zhao's former residence in 2000, Meng Duan Hutong No.45 in 2004, Cao Xueqin's former residence in 2005 and Tang Shaoqin's former residence in 2006. At the same time, some quadrangles were included in the protected courtyards in Beijing and all districts and counties.
Baidu encyclopedia-quadrangle
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty Architecture