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The origin of beginning of spring
The custom of beginning of spring
What food does beginning of spring eat to make up for it?
The origin of beginning of spring
Beginning of spring is one of the important traditional solar terms of the Han nationality. "Li" means "start". Since the Qin Dynasty, China has always regarded beginning of spring as the beginning of spring. Beginning of spring is divided from astronomy, with spring flowers and flowers; Spring is growth, cultivation and sowing. The period from the beginning of the Spring Festival to the long summer is called spring. In climatology, spring refers to the period when the average temperature is 10℃-22℃ (once every five days).
A long time ago, people only knew hunting, not farming. They are often hungry and have a hard life. Later, with the Shennong family, people began to grow crops and their lives gradually improved. Therefore, the five emperors before and after were very concerned about farming. In the Zhou Dynasty, they even mentioned farming to North Korea and ordered local officials to hold a welcoming ceremony every year to work with the people.
Legend has it that the ceremony at that time was very grand. On the day before the spring, local officials took a bath, put on plain clothes, walked to the suburbs without riding a horse or riding a sedan chair, gathered villagers, set a altar, burned incense and kowtowed, made a local cow symbolizing spring cattle at the altar, and asked the first mate to dress up as a dog symbolizing a bumper harvest and raise a whip to fight against the laziness of spring cattle and usher in a bumper harvest.
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The custom of beginning of spring
winter jasmine
Spring Festival is a very important activity at the beginning of spring. In the past, we had to prepare in advance and rehearse. It is also called the Spring Festival performance. The Spring Festival is held the day before the start of spring, with the purpose of bringing back spring and Ju Mang. Yingchun has always had a spring official, whose position is held by a beggar or prostitute, and predicts beginning of spring time.
A few years ago, people would see pictures of Shen Mang and Spring Cattle in the royal calendar. In Dianshizhai Pictorial in the late Qing Dynasty, there were also "Turtles reporting spring" and "Bronze drums expelling epidemic", which also showed that these were important goods delivery at the beginning of spring and important activities at the beginning of the Spring Festival, but now people rarely see these activities.
Spring outing announces spring.
After announcing the good news of the Spring Festival, you can start the spring outing. In the past, the gongs and drums teams and honor guards of all villages and clubs had to walk in front, and then four or eight people carried huge statues of spring cows behind them. Dance when walking, beat gongs and drums, and set off firecrackers. The parade was huge and spectacular. I have traveled all over the surrounding villages and streets.
offer sacrifices to ancestors
In many areas, beginning of spring offered sacrifices to his ancestors. For example, Guangdong's "Xin 'an County Records" says: "People are related to ancestral temples. "
When I was in beginning of spring, the food for my ancestors was also very special. Records in Ruyang County, Henan Province: "Have a spring banquet, spit spring cakes and recommend pears."
"Linying County Records" called "biting spring" as the beginning of offering sacrifices to spring.
Yao Chun
Beginning of spring also has its own food, mainly spring cakes, radishes and spiced dishes. In the south, eating spring rolls is popular, and there are many vendors selling spring rolls in the market. There are two points worth noting here: first, I used to think that biting spring meant eating radish, but actually it also included eating spring cakes; Second, the so-called begging for spring means welcoming the spring. Why eat radish? Generally speaking, it can solve the spring sleep. In fact, biting spring does not stop there. In addition to alleviating difficulties, it is mainly ventilation to keep people young. Spiced board is made up of five kinds of spicy food, with onion, garlic, pepper, ginger, mustard and so on, as a seasoning for meals.
After beginning of spring, people like to go out for a spring outing in spring, which is also the main form of spring outing.
Ju Mang. God.
Ju Mang is the god of spring, that is, the god of plants and life. Ju Mang's image is a bird with a face. He abides by the rules and is in charge of spring affairs. During the Zhou Dynasty, the East Hall was set up to welcome the Spring Festival, which shows that there is a long history of offering sacrifices to Ju Mang. "Kyoto Customs" written by Jean Lian in the Qing Dynasty said: "The day before the spring ceremony, the ox god entered the house and the reed shed stood up. There are thousands of mountain gods in the east and west, and their images are gorgeous, which are considerable for both men and women. When they arrived in early spring, the servants were burned to death, so it was called the spring battle. " Then, people take the fragments of the spring cattle home as good luck.
The day before beginning of spring, Zhejiang Province had a Spring Festival. Beginning of spring carried Ju Mang to the mountain outside the city the day before, and at the same time offered sacrifices to Tai Sui. There are many activities when welcoming God, such as preaching in large classes, raising pavilions, local operas, yangko and shooting cows. After being carried from the countryside to the city, people gather in the streets to compete for food, which is called watching the Spring Festival. During the Spring Festival in Ju Mang, Shandong Province, according to Ju Mang's clothing, the climate of that year was predicted: wearing a hat represents warm spring, balding represents cold spring, wearing shoes represents more spring rain, and barefoot represents less spring rain. In other areas, New Year pictures such as "Spring Breeze" are posted. Around Guangzhou and beginning of spring, people used drums to drive away the plague and pray for peace.
Whip spring cattle
Whipping spring cattle, also known as whipping earth cattle, originated earlier and has been preserved to this day. However, it was changed to spring in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and it became popular. Especially after Song Renzong promulgated the Classic of whipping earth cattle, the custom of whipping earth cattle spread more widely and became an important part of folk culture. The significance of whipping spring cattle is not limited to sending air conditioning and promoting spring ploughing, but also has certain witchcraft significance. Shandong folks want to break the local cattle, and people compete for the spring cattle, which is called grabbing the spring and taking the cow's head as the luck. When molding spring cattle, it is often necessary to stuff whole grains into the stomach. When the cow was smashed, the grain flowed out. People smiled and picked up the grain and put it back in their barn, indicating that the barn was full of grain. In addition, there are tea-picking activities to worship spring cattle and turtle activities to announce the arrival of spring in Hubei. Nowadays, some rural areas still have the custom of "whipping spring cattle".
Spring cattle in Zhejiang province have their own characteristics. When welcoming the spring cows, kowtow to the spring cows in turn. After the worship, everyone swarmed, smashed the spring cattle, snatched the soil from them and scattered it in the cowshed. It can be seen that whipping spring cattle is still a kind of breeding witchcraft, that is, spring cattle soil after the Spring Festival can promote cattle reproduction by being scattered in the cowshed.
In the spring, folk artists will also make many small mud cows, called "spring cows", and send them to every household, called "seeing off the spring". In some places, there is a yellow paper with a picture of a spring cow on the wall. Yellow stands for land, and spring cattle stands for farming, commonly known as "Spring Cattle Map". Later, people calculated the time of beginning of spring according to the calendar and displayed it on the Spring Cattle Map to help farmers understand the morning and evening of beginning of spring.
Avoid spring
In traditional folklore, when you come to beginning of spring, you should avoid spring. Because the climate in beginning of spring has begun to change, the new aura will have a negative impact on some people, and even worse, it will affect the luck of a year, so the custom of avoiding spring has emerged. In the folk, different places have different customs and taboos, which also extends a variety of methods and customs to avoid spring. The customs left over from tradition should not be disputed every day since the beginning of spring, but we must meet this day harmoniously and calmly. In some local customs, it is not appropriate to move, visit seriously ill patients and attend funerals on the day of Tibetan spring, so as not to provoke bad luck and affect the luck of the whole year.
"Hiding from spring" is actually "hiding from old age", and most people who are old need to hide from spring. For example, on 20 15, beginning of spring officially entered the Year of the Sheep at11:59 A.M. Mythically speaking, this is the official retirement of General Yang Xianda, the traditional star of the Year of the Horse, and the official retirement of General Yang Xianda, the traditional star of the Year of the Sheep. According to folklore, people who commit tai sui, such as sheep, cows, rats and dogs, must "avoid spring" in order to avoid confrontation with Tai sui in the Year of the Sheep and ease the relationship with Tai sui Xing Jun, so their luck is more favorable every year.
_ Spring
This traditional ceremony of beginning of spring going too far is called "_ Spring". "_ Spring" is a very old custom of the Chinese nation. According to historical records, it was popular among the people as early as the pre-Qin period. On the day of beginning of spring, the yang will emerge from the ground. Setting off firecrackers and burning camphor tree branches can dispel yin, disperse yang and help yang grow, which means exorcising evil spirits and welcoming auspiciousness, while children's excesses contain good wishes for safe growth. After the "_ Spring" ceremony, children will eat "spring tea", which is made of six kinds of ingredients such as red beans, red dates, longan, dried tangerine peel, sweet-scented osmanthus and brown sugar. According to folk custom, after beginning of spring, children will eat "spring tea" when they are one year old. In the new year, they not only pray for a rich life, but also bless their healthy growth, peace and good luck.
Worship tai sui
Xuanyigong, the general Taoist temple in Taiwan Province Province, pointed out that there were sixty Jiazi gods in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Because of the close relationship between the prince and Jiazi, from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, the sixty Jiazi gods were replaced by the sixty prince gods, becoming the sixty princes in temples with Prince Anfeng all over the country.
Tai sui culture has been integrated with the eight-character theory of numerology, geomantic omen and zodiac since ancient times. For example, Yuan Hai Zi Ping in the Song Dynasty recorded that Tai Sui was the son of heaven in the middle of the year, so impossible crime committed a fierce crime. The Ming Dynasty's "Three Children's Singing Meeting" said: "It's really too old, and it's also called the toe-turning evil spirit. If you want the Universiade to coincide with Tai Sui, your year will be auspicious; If you punish and break the harm, you will fight fiercely with Tai Sui. " It is auspicious to be in harmony with Tai Sui, but it is fierce on the contrary. He also said: "People who are too old are the masters of the year and the leaders of the gods. There is a disaster in the old age, and the punishment breaks the evil spirits. If you are still jealous of the gods, it is difficult to take off. " Yuan Shushan, a fortune teller in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, said, "A husband is too old, supreme and not evil." In Jiangnan, there is also the custom of being prepared for danger in times of peace, mainly to improve the feng shui at home. As the saying goes, "down-to-earth" is more common in books such as Feng Shui. Because the Han people are afraid of the disaster of Tai Sui, when Tai Sui runs to the position of a certain zodiac, it belongs to the zodiac and its relative zodiac, and it is not good for them to be afraid of offending Tai Sui, so it is convenient to worship the Tai Sui God of that year to pray for disaster relief. This activity is called An Taisui.
Every year, when the spring day officially begins, spring gods, spring cows, mang gods and Tai Sui are sacrificed in the Spring Festival. People who value beginning of spring will also worship Tai Sui. For example, Zhejiang carried Ju Mang to the mountain outside the city the day before the spring, and at the same time offered sacrifices to Tai Sui. Tai sui is an old god, who sits for one year and is in charge of the rest of the year, so the people also offer more sacrifices. The fields of artistic mathematics such as the Eight-character Feng Shui also think it is necessary for beginning of spring to worship Tai Sui, and there are many reports in the media every year. Of course, people will also worship Tai Sui on the first day, the eighth day and the fifteenth day of the first month.
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What food does beginning of spring eat to make up for it?
All kinds of food crops
Modern people have a fast pace of life. Many times the diet is fast food, or greasy and high in calories, which does great harm to some people's health. In spring, people's immunity declines, and various functions of the body run too fast or too slow, which is easy to cause anger or fatigue. At present, the human body's demand for diet has greatly increased, but now there are few natural nutrients in food. Therefore, Chinese medicine reminds that eating more whole grains is of great benefit to human health.
Chinese chives
In spring, the climate is warm and cold, so it is necessary to maintain the yang. And leek is the most suitable for human yang. In Compendium of Materia Medica, the effect of leek is: "Promoting fluid production and controlling qi can relieve the poison of bacon. Boiling juice can stop coughing and night sweats. "
Leek contains essential oil, protein, fat and vitamins, and has the functions of invigorating stomach, refreshing and strengthening kidney. Spring leek is the best among leeks, and it tastes particularly delicious. Its roots are as white as jade, its leaves are as green as jade, and its fragrance is rich.
Small carrot
In the season of alternating winter and spring, eating radish is perfect. It is warm and cold in early spring, especially in the evening when the temperature drops obviously. People with weak constitution are prone to feel cold evil and cause colds. Coupled with the heavy burden on the stomach during the holidays, some stagnation, which is also the reason why it is easy to induce colds and fever. In fact, using radish to boil water as tea can also prevent colds. What needs special reminder is that people with cold radish, spleen and stomach deficiency or yin deficiency constitution and cold constitution should not eat more.
red date
Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in ancient China, said: "In spring, it is advisable to keep acid and sweeten it to nourish your temper." It means to eat less sour and eat more sweet in spring. Chinese medicine believes that when the liver qi is strong in spring, eating more sour food will make the liver qi excessive and damage the spleen and stomach, so eat less sour food.
In spring, people have more outdoor activities than in winter, so they consume more energy and need more calories. But at this time, the spleen and stomach are weak and the digestive ability of gastrointestinal tract is poor, which is not suitable for eating greasy meat. Therefore, heat can be properly supplied by sweets. Jujube is such a good way to replenish spleen in spring.
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