It passes through 23 stations including Dazhou, Xuanhan, Wanyuan, Ziyang, Ankang, Xunyang, Shiyan, Wudang Mountain, Gucheng, Xiangyang, Jingmen, Shimen County North, Changde, Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, Hengyang, Chenzhou, Shi Ping, Shaoguan East, Guangzhou, Dongguan East, Guangdong and Huizhou.
The train is introduced as follows:
train
Mechanical vehicle
Train is one of the modern means of transportation for human beings, and it is a typical example of human transportation using fossil energy. Refers to vehicles running on railway tracks, usually consisting of multiple carriages.
The most important machine in human history, called steam locomotive in the early days, has an independent orbit. Railway trains can be divided into freight cars and passenger cars according to their load capacity, and there are mixed passenger and freight cars.
1804, the world's first steam locomotive was built by British mining technician Drivesk using Watt's steam engine, with a speed of 5 to 6 kilometers per hour. Because coal or firewood was used as fuel at that time, people called it "train" and it has been used ever since. 1840 On February 22nd, the world's first real train running on the track was designed by Kangwa engineer Charlie Levisik.
1879, Siemens electric company of Germany developed the first electric locomotive.
With the popularity of trains, the way people ride horses (or take other livestock as the main power) has changed. The early train carriages in China were green, so they were called green leather cars.
In the early days, the traditional train consisted of one or three locomotives pulling several carriages or freight cars. In modern new trains, there are many self-powered EMU trains.
Chinese name
train
Foreign name
train
Main applications
transport
history
The first train came from England.
inventor
British Stephen Sun
Track type
Ballasted track
summary
Internal combustion engine, electric locomotive, high-speed EMU
Early appellation
Steam locomotive
How many such cars have you driven?
Development history
George stephenson, the pioneer of the train, was born in an English miner's family. Until 18, he was illiterate. He ignored the ridicule of others and sat in the classroom with seven or eight-year-old children to study. 18 10 started to manufacture steam locomotives.
diesel locomotive
18 17, when Stephenson decided to take charge of the construction of the railway line from Liverpool to Manchester, the train began to gallop on the stage of human history.
1804, a British mining technician named Drevisk first made the world's first steam locomotive with Watt's steam engine. This is a single-cylinder steam engine, which can pull five carriages at a speed of 5-6 kilometers per hour. The real steam locomotive, that is, the train, was invented by Stephenson (also translated as george stephenson). This kind of car is called "train" because it used coal or firewood as fuel at that time, and this name has been used ever since.
The earliest coal-fired steam locomotive powered by coal-fired steam has a great disadvantage, that is, it needs to set up facilities for adding coal and water along the railway, and it takes a lot of time to add coal and water to the locomotive during operation. These are all very uneconomical. At the end of 19, many scientists turned to study electric and fuel locomotives. The world's first real steam train running on the track was designed by Charlie Levick, an engineer in Kangwa. Its train has four power wheels,1February 22, 840. It is 20 kilometers per hour when it is empty, and 8 kilometers per hour when it is fully loaded (equivalent to the speed of people walking at a brisk pace.
1879, Siemens electric company of Germany developed the first electric locomotive, weighing about 954 kilograms, which was only performed once at a Berlin trade exhibition. 1903101On October 27th, the first practical electric locomotive jointly developed by Siemens and General Electric Company was put into use.
freight train
Fuel locomotive 1894, Germany successfully developed the first gasoline diesel locomotive. The application in railway transportation has opened a new era for diesel locomotives. But this kind of locomotive burns gasoline, which is too expensive to popularize.
1924, Germany, the United States, France and other countries successfully developed diesel locomotives, which are widely used in the world.
train
194 1 year, Switzerland successfully developed a new type of oil-fired steam turbine, using diesel as fuel. And has simple structure, small vibration and good running performance, so it is widely used in industrial countries. Since 265438+20th century 10, all countries have been developing high-speed trains, such as the high-speed train from Paris to Lyon, France, with a speed of 300 kilometers per hour; The high-speed train from Tokyo to Morioka in Japan has also reached more than 250 kilometers. People are still greedy and dissatisfied with such high-speed trains. France, Germany and other countries took the lead in developing maglev trains. China has also built the world's first commercial maglev train line in Shanghai. This line from Longyang Road Station to Pudong Airport loses hundreds of millions of RMB every year. This kind of train is suspended on the track, with a top speed of 400-500 kilometers per hour, but it consumes a lot of energy and radiation.
Development history of trains and railways in China
/kloc-in the Qing dynasty in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, the railway was regarded by the Qing people as a "strange trick" to destroy Feng Shui. Now, the "lifeline of the national economy" has achieved unprecedented leap-forward development. From the 0.5-kilometer "Exhibition Railway" to the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" railway transportation network, from the "Dragon" locomotive to the CRH380A high-speed EMU train with a speed of 380 kilometers per hour, the history of China's railway development has witnessed the great changes of a country in the past 100 years.
/kloc-In the 20th century, China became the third Asian country to build railways after Japan and India. 1875, Britain laid the Wusong railway with a length of14.5km in Shanghai, becoming the first railway in China. In China, people who see the train for the first time are full of fear about this new thing. Nevertheless, influenced by the idea of "learning from foreigners", Qing government officials of the "Westernization School" were forced to accept the construction of railways, and in 188 1, the first government-run railway advocated by the Qing government was built: Tang Xu Railway.
The first train in China was built by the wife of the chief engineer of Tang Xu Railway at that time after imitating the famous British steam locomotive "Rocket" and named it "China Rocket". Because China workers carved a dragon on each side of the locomotive, they called it "Dragon" locomotive.
After Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion, the voice of safeguarding rights and building railways became louder and louder. Finally, the Qing government decided to build the first railway designed and built by China people themselves-Jing-Zhang Railway. This railway was designed and built by Zhan Tianyou, an expert in railway engineering. As the chief engineer of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, Zhan Tianyou creatively used herringbone railway to make trains pass on steep slopes in mountainous areas.
1911may, the Qing government announced the policy of "state-owned railways" and nationalized the privatized Sichuan-Han and Guangdong-Han railways. This move attracted opposition from all walks of life in Sichuan and set off a massive road protection movement. 10 June 10, Huguang revolutionaries used the Qing government to send troops to Sichuan to suppress the uprising, which caused the shortage of troops in Wuhan and launched the Wuchang Uprising, which promoted the establishment of the Republic of China and ended the feudal monarchy.
19 12, the Republic of China was proclaimed. Sun Yat-sen, the temporary president of the Republic of China, put forward a grand and comprehensive railway construction plan, and designed three main trunk lines connecting the whole country, with a total length of 200 thousand kilometers. In the "fourth plan" of industrial planning, Sun Yat-sen further elaborated and designed five railway trunk lines running through the country, which were subdivided into the expansion of central railway system, southeast railway system and northwest railway system.
During the Republic of China, China, Japan and the Soviet Union competed for the rights and interests of the Middle East railway in the northeast, which also showed the twists and turns of China's railway development from another aspect. The Middle East Railway was originally built by Russia in the northeast of China. This railway was originally controlled by Russia. 1922 after the establishment of the Soviet union, it was changed to Sino-Soviet condominium. 1929 Zhang Xueliang tried to recover the Middle East Railway by force, and the Northeast Army lost to the Soviet Red Army. In 1930s, after the Japanese invaded the northeast of China, the Soviet Union sold the railway to Manchukuo. After 1945, the Soviet Union regained control and handed it over to the government of China after liberation.
1937, the Qiantang River Bridge, the first double-deck railway and highway bridge designed and built by China, was completed. The Qianjiang Bridge spans the Qiantang River and is the main road connecting Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo and zhejiang-jiangxi railway. The bridge was designed and built by Dr. Mao Yisheng, a contemporary bridge expert. However, less than two months after its completion, Hangzhou was captured by the Japanese army. In order to cut off the transportation hub, Mao Yisheng had to blow up the bridge which took three years to build. Due to frequent wars and the influence of external forces during the Republic of China, the development of China railway was slow during this period.
In the early 1950s, the new China government decided to fill the gap in the western railway and began to build the chengdu-chongqing railway from Chengdu to Chongqing. /kloc-0 started construction in June, 1950, and/kloc-0 was opened to traffic in June, 1952, becoming the first railway built after liberation.
Baoji-chengdu railway starts from Baoji, Shaanxi Province in the north, reaches Chengdu, Sichuan Province in the south, and is connected with Chengdu, Chongqing and Cheng Kun, with a total length of 669 kilometers. It is the first railway trunk line connecting northwest and southwest. It is also the first railway to break through the "difficulty of Shu Dao". Baoji-chengdu railway started construction in Chengdu in July 1952 and 1, and was completed and opened to traffic in June 1958. In July 1975, the railway electrification project was completed, making it the first electrified railway in China.
Chengdu-kunming railway, with a total length of1100km, was originally a key project in the construction of the third defense line. Start in July 1958, and stop construction after repairing 6 1 km. Resumed work in August, 1964, stopped once after the Cultural Revolution, and was completed in July, 1970. The scale of chengdu-kunming railway project is rare in the world. The total extension line of the overpass bridge and tunnel accounts for 465,438+0.6% of the line length. There is no place to set up a station in some sections, so we have to build the station line on the bridge or tunnel. Of the 22 stations along the line/kloc-0, there are 4 such stations1station. This arduous and magnificent project won the "special award for scientific and technological progress" issued by the state. In the picture, the train is crossing the Shamulada Tunnel, which is the longest tunnel in chengdu-kunming railway and the highest altitude tunnel.
Due to the extremely arduous project in chengdu-kunming railway and the restriction of construction conditions at that time, a large number of railway soldiers died at the construction site during the construction period. There are various data on the death toll of railway soldiers, but there is no authoritative statistical data so far. But you can still see many martyrs' cemeteries along chengdu-kunming railway.
Longhai Railway is a main railway line from Lianyungang in Jiangsu Province to Lanzhou in Gansu Province in China. 1905 started construction, and after more than 40 years of segmented construction, it was completed on 1952. At present, it has a total length of 1759 km, which is a class I double-track electrified line. Longhai Railway is the most important railway trunk line running through the east, middle and west of China, and it is also an important part of the new Eurasian continental bridge from Lianyungang, China in the Pacific Ocean to Rotterdam, the Netherlands in the Atlantic Ocean.
Daqin Railway was built in 1985- 1997, which is the only dedicated railway for coal transportation in China and the first heavy-haul unit railway in China. The railway runs from Datong City, Shanxi Province to Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, and runs through Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin, with a total length of 653 kilometers and an average time of less than 15 minutes. A coal train roared by, transporting tens of thousands of tons of coal to Qinhuangdao port hundreds of kilometers away and to the south.
The Beijing-Kowloon Railway, also known as the Beijing-Kowloon Line, is a railway from Beijing to Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. It starts from Beijing West Railway Station, goes to Shenzhen Station, passes through east rail line in Hong Kong, and ends at Kowloon (Hung Hom) Station. Various sections of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway started construction on 1994, and the Beijing-Kowloon Railway was opened ahead of schedule on 1 September 19961day.
In June 2003, 65438+1October, 65438+February, Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Railway was officially put into operation as the first passenger dedicated line in China. The railway has a design speed of 250 kilometers per hour and a top speed of 300 kilometers per hour.
On April 27th, 2006, Shanghai Maglev ended its two-year trial operation and officially put into operation. This is the world's first demonstration line of maglev train put into commercial operation, with a total length of 29.863 kilometers. Different from ordinary ground trains, maglev trains use the principle of "like-sex repulsion and opposite-sex attraction" to make the trains completely off the track and float, becoming "wheelless" trains. 14 minutes to and from Shanghai downtown and Pudong airport.
Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a railway from Xining City, Qinghai Province to Lhasa City, Xizang Autonomous Region, with a total length of 1956 km. It is the plateau railway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world. China has overcome the worldwide problem of permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during its construction, and it was successfully opened to traffic on July 1 2006. The picture shows the local people welcoming the "Qing 1" train from Golmud to Tibet.
In 2007, China Railway increased its speed for the sixth time. For the first time in China, large CRH EMU trains with a speed of 200-250 km/h are operated on major speed-increasing trunk lines (such as Beijing-Shanghai line, Beijing-Guangzhou line, Beijing-Harbin line and Ji Jiao line). ), reaching the advanced level of speed-up transformation of existing lines in the world.
In 2007, EMU entered Beijing Station and Xingcheng Station.
In 2008, China had the first high-speed railway with a speed of more than 350 kilometers per hour-the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway, and in 2009, it had the longest mileage and the highest operating speed in the world. On June 30th, 20 1 1, beijing-shanghai railway will start its official operation. By the end of 2011,China had built 13 high-speed rail lines with a total mileage of 8,358 kilometers.
Since 1997, China Railway has experienced six speed increases. With the rapid development of high-speed railway, the train speed has been greatly improved. At the same time, the operating mileage of China Railway will also reach 6.5438+0.3 million kilometers from the current 80,000 kilometers, and the electrification rate and double-track rate will reach more than 50%. On July 1 day, 2009, with the official opening of the Yongzhou-Yulin section of Luozhan Railway, it marked the realization of the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" railway network in China. By the end of 20 15, the operating mileage of China railway will reach more than120,000 kilometers, including 20,000 kilometers of high-speed railway. With the high-speed railway as the skeleton, a high-speed railway network with a total scale of 40 thousand kilometers will be basically built.