There are standards for home decoration and environmental protection. The Ministry of Construction has promulgated the Regulation on Indoor Environmental Pollution Control of Civil Building Projects (GB 50325-2001), and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine has promulgated the national standard of the Limit of Hazardous Substances in Interior Decoration Materials.
Second, what do you usually mean by "home improvement pollution"?
Generally speaking, the materials used in interior decoration will emit harmful and toxic pollutants and pollute the indoor environment. This kind of indoor pollution from decoration itself is called "decoration pollution". If the content of pollutants in home decoration is too high, it will cause people's physical discomfort and affect their health for a long time.
Third, what are the main pollutants in home improvement?
According to the use of building, decoration and furniture materials in China, indoor decoration pollutants mainly include the following categories: formaldehyde; Benzene series (benzene, toluene, xylene); Total volatile organic compounds (total free toluene diisocyanate (TDI); Soluble heavy metal elements such as lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic.
4. Is home improvement pollutant the root cause of disease?
The pollution of home decoration can make people sick, but there are many reasons for it. If the newly renovated house and home decoration pollutants are too high, they can't meet the national environmental protection standards and can't be solved for a long time, which will obviously affect health. However, experts pointed out that there is still no scientific evidence that a disease is caused by indoor air pollution. Therefore, it is more important and effective to prevent air pollution from exceeding the standard than to investigate the responsibility afterwards.
5. What is the so-called false environmental protection and conceptual environmental protection?
The root of false environmental protection and conceptual environmental protection is an unfair competition fraud in market competition, and it is an irresponsible behavior to consumers and enterprises themselves, which should be resisted by the industry and consumers and condemned by public opinion. To achieve real home environment protection, the only way to solve this problem is to start with the most fundamental materials, ensure that all decorative materials meet the environmental protection indicators (or higher environmental protection standards) stipulated by the state, and strictly follow the environmental protection construction specifications.
6. What materials do indoor decoration pollutants mainly come from?
(1) Formaldehyde mainly comes from artificial materials, adhesives and coatings.
(2) Benzene series mainly come from paint thinner, waterproof paint and latex paint.
(3) The total volatile organic compounds containing (TVOC) mainly come from paints and latex paints.
(4)(TDI) Toluene diisocyanate is mainly derived from polyurethane coatings.
(5) Heavy metal pollutants mainly come from paints and adhesives.
7. Is it safe to decorate with decorative materials that have just reached the standard?
People usually think that all decorative materials that pass the test are equal to qualified and up to standard, but they are not. If the decoration materials that have just reached the standard are used too much in a certain unit area, the pollutants will also exceed the standard. Therefore, only by using higher standards of environmental protection decoration materials can we avoid the excessive accumulation of indoor pollutants. It can also reach the standard through governance.
Eight, how to ensure environmental protection in home improvement?
First of all, environmental protection decorative materials are fundamental. Because the harmful substances in indoor air are mainly released from decoration materials, there is no environmental protection of materials and no environmental protection of air quality after decoration. Secondly, environmental protection design training is the key. Using environmentally friendly decoration materials may not have environmentally friendly air quality, because the release of harmful substances has a "superposition effect." Through the training of designers, designers can master the "air quality pre-evaluation theory" and change the ex post control of environmental protection decoration into ex ante control. Third, environmental protection is very important. With scientific and reasonable environmental protection design and materials, there must also be environmental protection construction. Because nonstandard and nonstandard construction has a vital impact on the air quality after decoration, such as the inside and outside of wood products are not sealed, the outer edge is not closed, and ventilation is not maintained during construction. , which can cause or aggravate air pollution. Therefore, it is another important guarantee for environmental protection decoration to train project leaders and construction team leaders and conscientiously implement the Code for Construction of Residential Decoration Engineering.
9. Where is the source of decoration pollution and is there any way to detoxify it?
(A) indoor pollution sources are mainly manifested in several aspects:
Aldehydes-mainly from plates and adhesives;
Benzene and xylene-mainly from paint;
Phosphorus and mercury-mainly from interior wall coatings.
(2) Relevant suggestions:
1, try to avoid using plywood with high glue content such as large core board, and use melamine veneer.
2. Try to avoid making paint on site and adopt paint-free technology.
3. Use environmentally friendly materials to reduce the emission of harmful gases.
4. Minimize on-site production of wood products and choose finished furniture. As for doors, window covers, dumb mouths and heating covers, you can also find professional manufacturers to produce them in the factory and get them installed on site.
5. Try to use environmentally friendly melamine board as the base material, because the physical and chemical properties of melamine are relatively stable and not easy to deform. In addition, the melamine decorative board does not need painting and other finishing treatment in the later stage, which also reduces the possibility of surface cracking. In addition, try to make a comprehensive plan before decoration, determine the style and style of furniture, and ensure the smooth progress of home improvement project.
Ten, how can we do green decoration?
Green decoration is not an empty concept, but a real process. If you can handle the following six aspects, I believe it can be achieved.
Scientific design
In house decoration and decoration, we should follow the principle of simplicity and practicality, try to delete unnecessary ceilings and partitions, simplify door frames and window frames, and pay attention to indoor air circulation. If we can further consider natural lighting and natural ventilation, we should use less air conditioners, fans and electric lights to realize the recycling of water.
(2) Green building materials
Almost all artificial wood contains toxic and harmful substances such as formaldehyde, and many paints and coatings contain benzene substances. You should try to buy logs, building materials, environmental protection coatings, etc. And at least buy building materials certified by authoritative organizations to meet the standards.
(3) Standardize the construction
Try to choose a construction technology that is non-toxic and less toxic, pollution-free and less polluting, and do not concentrate on the construction of toxic building materials.
(4) Quality supervision
Invite the indoor air quality testing organization to intervene as soon as possible, check the air quality in the decoration construction stage frequently, and take precautions to prevent delays.
(5) Green detection
After the renovation, please ask a professional organization with testing qualification to conduct a comprehensive inspection of indoor air quality.
(6) Remedial measures
In addition to the above five aspects, some remedial measures can be taken, such as appropriately extending the stay time, placing some flowers such as chlorophytum, aloe and ivy that can absorb toxic gases indoors, or using instruments and equipment that can eliminate harmful substances.
XI。 How to remove indoor formaldehyde?
You can spray formaldehyde scavenger on the newly renovated house. Or you can find a company that specializes in this industry and treat it with photocatalyst.
What are the methods to optimize indoor air quality?
To improve air quality, we should start from the following four aspects: optimizing the environmental protection quality of indoor decoration, effectively controlling indoor pollution sources, strengthening natural ventilation and rationally using air purification equipment. For example, the air purification system used in Palm Springs International Apartment can remove particles and microorganisms as fine as 3 microns, which helps to reduce potential harmful pollutants; Adopt constant temperature mode to keep comfortable at room temperature.
Thirteen, how can we prevent the harm of harmful substances in the kitchen?
First, cook correctly. You don't have to heat the oil to smoke before cooking. The higher the oil temperature, the more smoke and the greater the harm. Using refined edible oil can reduce pollution. Do less fried and fried food. Secondly, install and use the exhaust fan or range hood correctly. When installing, the connecting port must be sealed and a check valve must be installed. Don't change and destroy the flue at will. Third, when decorating the kitchen, the ceiling should not be too low. Pay attention to the selection of pollution-free cabinets that meet national standards. Fourth, the use of microwave ovens, electric stoves, rice cookers, electric ovens and other kitchen appliances can greatly reduce the air pollution in the kitchen. Fifth, the building manager should strengthen the management of the building smoke exhaust duct, clean it up in time and take measures to increase the exhaust air volume. Prevent smoke from the window caused by the impassable flue. Sixth, if you find that many families in the building where you live smoke through the windows, you should be careful not to open the windows for ventilation when cooking, and don't walk between dense buildings when there is no wind or the air pressure is low to avoid the peak hours of harmful substances such as kitchen fumes. Seventh, some new buildings now have roof platforms. In summer, some people fall in love with the roof terrace and enjoy the coolness. Also pay attention to avoid the time of centralized cooking to prevent kitchen gas from being discharged through the ventilation openings in the building and causing pollution.
Fourteen, indoor air pollution caused by decoration, how to deal with harmful substances after exceeding the standard?
What should the owner do if the test results are not up to standard after renovation? Is there any feasible way to eliminate these pollutions?
(1) Find out the reason why the pollutants exceed the standard: decoration construction? Building materials? Furniture?
To solve the problem of indoor air pollution, we must first find the culprit that produces harmful substances, so as to control and claim compensation. It is important to distinguish responsibility.
According to the testing requirements of the current Code for Indoor Environmental Pollution Control of Civil Building Engineering, the testing should be carried out before the furniture is moved in and after the decoration is completed, otherwise it is difficult to issue a legally effective testing report. If the furniture is moved indoors, it should be removed first, thoroughly ventilated, then sealed for more than 3 hours, and then re-tested to determine whether harmful substances such as formaldehyde and benzene exceed the standard. As for furniture, the testing unit should make other testing reports according to the national standards of building materials products.
(2) Who will bear the cost of testing?
Under normal circumstances, formaldehyde and benzene exceeding the standard may be produced by building materials such as large core board, plywood and paint in decoration, or may be released by furniture plates and paint. It is also possible that the pollutants of the two together exceed the standard.
In fact, it is difficult to distinguish between liability and claim. According to the requirements of the Notice of Beijing Municipal Construction Committee on Strengthening the Indoor Environmental Quality Management of Civil Construction Projects, before the project is completed and accepted, the construction unit must entrust an accredited testing institution to test the indoor concentrations of radon, formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) according to the specification requirements. Unqualified, can not be accepted, can not be put into use.
The most important thing is to sign a contract in advance to strictly safeguard rights and interests, and stipulate that the decoration company is responsible for controlling the quality of all kinds of building materials products, pre-evaluating the degree of air pollution, and ensuring the environmental protection of decoration users. In this way, once the indoor air caused by decoration is found to be unqualified, please ask the decoration company to rework and compensate immediately. At present, the troublesome link is that, for example, the floor has been paved, and it is impossible to remove all the floors for testing. How to divide the responsibilities of decoration companies and building materials suppliers? Although the state requires decoration companies to ensure that indoor air meets environmental protection standards after the completion of the project, law enforcement departments and specific compensation methods have not been clearly defined.
(3) Treatment method: break the tiles with excessive radioactivity and replace the wardrobe with excessive formaldehyde.
The only remedy is to smash these unqualified tiles and toilets and replace the cabinets. Because radioactive materials are stubborn, it is only safe to clear them out of the room. Formaldehyde is also a slow-release substance. It is said that it can be continuously released from the board for 15 years. If it exceeds the standard 10 times, it means that a large amount of urea-formaldehyde glue is used in the board of the wardrobe, so it cannot be placed indoors. In addition, pay attention to ventilation after completion.
(d) Governance analysis-indoor fumigation with vinegar and lighting candles cannot eliminate pollution.
In fact, the volatilization of vinegar or lighting candles basically does not change the nature of toxic substances, so there is no removal effect.
At present, the methods to improve indoor air are mainly physical and some chemical means, such as activated carbon adsorption, air freshener, negative ion generator, chemical spray and so on. The most effective way is regular ventilation, even for families that meet the standards after renovation.
Fifteen, how to buy environmentally friendly coatings?
Pay attention to the following points when buying paint:
1, depending on the price. If the price is ridiculously low, it will naturally not be an environmentally friendly product. Of course, the price is outrageous.
2. It depends on the effective test report of the product. There are three kinds of toxic substances in paint, one is benzene, toluene and xylene, the other is TDI content, and the third is heavy metals. These three categories have clear limit standards internationally, so we must pay attention to the toxic content of paint brands that exceed the standard.
3. Be sure to ask for a credit card and an environmental commitment card after purchase.
16. What are the main hazards of common toxic substances in coatings to human health?
In paints and coatings, we often come into contact with some toxic substances, which will cause certain toxic effects on the environment and human health. Common toxic compounds in paints and coatings are briefly described as follows:
(1) Toluene and Xylene
Toluene and xylene are moderately toxic solvents in the classification of solvents, which have anesthetic and stimulating effects on human body and toxic effects on nervous system at high concentrations, but their residual toxicity in human body is low and can generally be eliminated by metabolism. The maximum allowable concentration in the air is 100mg/m3.
People who have been exposed to toluene and xylene for a long time should not drink white wine, let alone excessive alcohol, because alcohol will prolong its retention time in the body and is extremely harmful to health. The workplace should maintain air circulation to reduce its concentration in the air.
(2) Benzene
Benzene is a highly toxic solvent and an aromatic volatile organic compound, which has anesthetic and stimulating effects on human nervous system. A small amount of inhalation can also cause long-term harm to the human body. Benzene can accumulate in the nervous system and bone marrow, causing damage to the nervous system and hematopoietic tissue and reducing the number of white blood cells and platelets in the blood. Long-term exposure can lead to leukemia.
(3) glycol ether solvent
Glycol ether solvents will form highly toxic compounds after metabolism in the body, which will cause permanent damage to the blood circulation system and nervous system of the human body. Long-term exposure to high concentration glycol ether solvent will cause cancer. In addition, glycol ether solvent will cause permanent damage to female reproductive system, leading to female infertility.
(4) TDI (toluene diisocyanate)
TDI vapor pressure is low, which has a strong stimulating effect on human cornea and causes eye swelling. Inhalation of TDI vapor will damage human liver and kidney function, and long-term exposure to high concentration TDI vapor will cause cancer. In polyurethane (PU) coatings, the free TDI of curing agent component is less than 0.5%, which is basically harmless to health. The free TDI content of "classic" Ai Jia health paint is less than 0.02%, which is 10 times lower than the national mandatory standard, thus avoiding the harm of free TDI to human body.
(5) Heavy metals
Heavy metals mainly exist in paint, mainly from the pigment part of paint. Excessive intake of heavy metals can cause chronic poisoning. Heavy metals affect children's growth and development, especially their intellectual development. Some heavy metals will remain in the brain and internal organs, causing permanent damage to the liver and kidneys.
(6) phthalate plasticizers
Phthalate plasticizers are the most widely used plasticizers in volatile coatings. This kind of plasticizer has no obvious adverse effects on adult health, but it will have adverse effects on children's development, mainly causing precocious puberty.
(7) Volatile organic compounds
Vocs are volatile organic compounds. According to incomplete statistics, China's coating industry releases about 3 million tons of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere every year, which directly pollutes the atmospheric environment, destroys the living environment of human beings, harms human health and causes huge waste of resources, which is incompatible with the current renewable and sustainable economic model.
(8) formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is an irritating gas, which will damage the respiratory tract and internal organs. Inferior wall putty, which mainly exists in adhesives and water-based paints, is also a big source.
(9) Radon
Radon is a colorless and odorless radioactive gas, which is 7.5 times heavier than air and is the decay product of radioactive elements such as uranium and radium. After radon decays, the short-lived daughter products are collectively called radon and its daughters; Radon is distributed in soil, water and air. Radon concentration in high uranium series soil or rock is high. Radon is released from uranium in underground, aboveground water and building minerals, enters the room and accumulates in poorly ventilated places; Radon is a gas, but radon daughters are solid. Indoor, most radon daughters are adsorbed on tiny particles suspended in the air. After inhalation, the short-lived daughter of radon is continuously deposited on the surface of respiratory tract and accumulated in local areas, which can lead to lung cancer, leukemia and respiratory diseases. Because in the lungs, radon daughters can release particles, and at the same time? Particles and gamma rays harmful to the lungs.