College entrance examination knowledge of geography and agriculture 1
⑴ The favorable conditions for tea growth: ① The climate is humid and rainy; ② Slope land with good drainage.
⑵ Natural conditions for highland barley production in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: high terrain, low temperature, large temperature difference, less precipitation and sufficient sunshine.
(3) The reasons why the Nile Delta (Indus River and South Xinjiang) is rich in long-staple cotton are: abundant sunshine in summer, scarce precipitation, fertile soil and convenient irrigation conditions.
⑷ The advantages of developing animal husbandry in Australia are as follows: ① There are large areas of arid and semi-arid areas and excellent grasslands; ② There are many artesian wells for livestock to drink; ③ No large wild carnivores.
⑸ The favorable conditions for developing dairy industry in western Europe (the northeast of the United States) are: ① high latitude, low temperature, large cloud cover, rainy, weak light and poor soil, which are not suitable for developing planting and are suitable for the growth of juicy forage. ② dense population and cities, large market demand, convenient transportation and developed economy (socio-economic conditions)
(6) Impact of monsoon climate on agricultural development: Advantages: The same period of rain and heat is beneficial to crop growth; Disadvantages: frequent droughts and floods.
Variant: temperate monsoon climate (Huanghuaihai Plain) is favorable for developing cotton planting;
① It is hot and rainy in summer, and the rain and heat are in the same period, which is beneficial to cotton growth; (2) Less rain and sunny weather in autumn are beneficial to the later growth and harvest of cotton.
(7) Agriculture in Central Asia is dominated by desert animal husbandry and irrigated agriculture. The reasons are as follows: ① Central Asia is inland, with temperate continental climate and scarce precipitation, and the vegetation is mainly grassland and desert, which is suitable for developing desert animal husbandry; There are rivers such as Irtysh River, Amu Darya River and Syr Darya River, so irrigated agriculture should be developed.
(8) Management mode of tropical cash crops: enterprise plantation.
Production characteristics: large production scale and high commodity rate.
Distribution: South Asia, Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America.
Characteristics of the host country's economic structure: a single economy dominated by tropical enterprise plantations
How to develop the economy of the host country: ① continue to give full play to its advantages and do a good job in the production of tropical cash crops; Pay close attention to grain production and strive to increase grain output; ③ Adjust the industrial structure and establish an independent and complete industrial system and national economic system; ④ Strengthening "South-South cooperation"; ⑤ Strengthen the "North-South Dialogue" and establish a new international economic order.
The reasons for the outstanding food problem in Africa are as follows: ① the natural population growth rate is high; ② harsh natural conditions; (3) Indiscriminate cultivation and grazing aggravated drought and land desertification;
⑽ Reasons for the lack of water and food in Singapore: ① The land area is small, although it is located in the tropical rain forest area, there are no big rivers and the runoff is small; The land area is small, the cultivated land area is small and the grain output is low.
⑾ Multiple cropping index problem:
① Reasons for low multiple cropping index and yield in Russia: high latitude, insufficient agricultural production heat ② Australian multiple cropping index problem: low latitude, but low multiple cropping index is related to agricultural economic structure. Mixed cropping agricultural area is wheat-sheep rotation, with low multiple cropping index of wheat and plenty of leisure land. The beneficial effects of low multiple cropping index on land are: it is beneficial to the restoration of soil fertility.
③ The reason of high multiple cropping index in China is low latitude and less arable land per capita.
The land area of the United States and India is smaller than that of China, but the cultivated land area is much larger than that of China. The reasons are as follows: (from the analysis of climate and topography) ① The plains of the United States and India cover a large area, while the arid areas are relatively small; (2) The plain of China covers a small area, while the arid area covers a large area.
(13) Agricultural problems in urban suburbs: analysis and orientation of agriculture (vegetables, meat, eggs, milk, gardening) in Shanghai suburbs;
Natural factors: sufficient heat, rain and heat at the same time; Flat terrain and fertile soil; There is plenty of water.
Socio-economic factors: ① large market consumption; ② Convenient transportation; (3) Developing flowers, vegetables and other crops, with high unit area value, can obtain higher economic benefits; ④ Small land area is conducive to intensive production.
Development direction: green agriculture; Sightseeing agriculture; ecotourism
College entrance examination geography agriculture knowledge II
Agricultural location factors and location selection
1. Agricultural location factors
(1) A Concept-Location Meaning
(1) Select the geographical location of agricultural production.
② The relationship between agriculture and geographical environment.
(2) Two major factors
① Natural factors: climate, topography, water source, soil, etc.
② Socio-economic factors: market, transportation, science and technology, policy and labor force.
(3) the expression to distinguish the three factors
① Main location factors: refers to all the factors (conditions) required for agricultural development in a certain area, that is, a complete and comprehensive list of natural and socio-economic factors required for agricultural development in a certain area.
(2) Dominant factors: refers to the most important factors affecting the development of a certain agriculture, which has the greatest influence on this kind of agriculture. Without this factor (or condition), this kind of agriculture could not be distributed in this area. For example, the dominant factor of pond agriculture in the Pearl River Delta is topography.
③ Restrictive location factors: agricultural production needs to meet many conditions before it can be carried out. If all other conditions in a region are met and only one condition cannot be met, then this condition is the limiting factor. For example, the limiting factor of developing agriculture in northwest China is water resources.
2. Agricultural location choice
(1) Essence: Rational use of land.
(2) Basic ideas
① Analyze and select the location of a large area from a macro perspective. Generally, the site selection is based on the regional climate and terrain characteristics and the growth habits of crops. For example, it is suitable for planting in humid and semi-humid plains and basins; Lakes, reservoirs and coastal waters are suitable for developing fisheries; Planting corn in areas with high temperature and rainy summer and long growing period; Beets are planted in temperate regions with cool climate.
College entrance examination geography agriculture knowledge 3
Main agricultural regional types
1. Main agricultural regional types
(1) Agricultural regional types mainly based on planting.
(2) The types of agricultural regions dominated by animal husbandry.
(3) Mixed agriculture in Australia
2. Analysis and reference of main agricultural regional types.
(1) Location Analysis, Existing Problems and Solutions of Rice Planting in Asia
① Two advantages of rice planting in Asia: superior climatic conditions and good combination of water and heat in monsoon climate zone; Rich in labor resources.
② There are three major problems in agricultural development and management in this area: low commodity rate of agricultural products and single agricultural structure; Low labor productivity and limited growth of farmers' income; Low level of science and technology.
(3) Countermeasures: adjust agricultural production mode and agricultural structure, implement contract with joint production and diversified management, and comprehensively develop agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery; Develop a series of agricultural products processing industries and shift agricultural production from subsistence economy to commodity production; Increase investment in science and technology and develop in the direction of high quality, high efficiency and high yield agriculture.
(2) The reference of American commodity grain agriculture.
① Large-scale operation has advantages in market competition.
(2) Advanced science and technology and first-class service system are worth learning from in China's vast agricultural areas.
③ Strengthen comprehensive agricultural management, extend production chain and improve economic benefits.
(3) What can be learned from the animal husbandry of pampas grassland pasture.
① Construction of artificial grassland.
② Development of traffic conditions and processing system in pastoral areas.
③ Improvement of livestock breeds and disease prevention.
④ Popularize cold storage and preservation technology.
Methods and skills
Judgment and evaluation of agricultural regional types
(1) judgment of agricultural regional types
The key to judge the agricultural regional type of a region is to look at the production object and purpose of the region and establish the thinking mode of production object-production purpose-production scale-regional type. Compare the following table.
Judge according to the judgment conclusion.
Production object, production purpose, production scale and regional type
Small farmers who are self-sufficient in rice manage monsoon paddy field agriculture (rice planting)
Cattle and sheep face the market, and pasture is put into animal husbandry.
Wheat and corn are oriented to commodity grain agriculture, with large market scale and high mechanization level.
Grain and livestock are mainly oriented to mixed agriculture with large market scale and high mechanization level.
A large-scale intensive farm with a single tropical cash crop facing the international market,
Plantation agriculture with complete production facilities
(2) Contrastively analyze the distribution law of main agricultural regional types.
When analyzing the distribution law of agricultural regional types in the world, we should grasp the following two important latitude zones.
① 30 ~ 40 latitude zone: monsoon paddy field agriculture is distributed in the region with abundant precipitation and simultaneous rain and heat in this latitude zone; In areas with less precipitation, the typical agricultural regional types are pasture grazing in Argentina and mixed agriculture in Australia.
② Latitude zone of 40 ~ 50: the area with more precipitation but poor light and heat conditions in this latitude zone, and the typical agricultural regional types are dairy farming in Western Europe and the coastal areas of the Great Lakes in North America; In areas with less precipitation but sufficient light and heat conditions, the typical agricultural regional type is American commodity grain agriculture.
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