Emperor Yongle is Judy, the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Hong Wu was born in Yingtian (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) in the second year. We know that Zhu Yuanzhang formulated the feudal imperial system. In the second year of Hongwu, on the third day of April, Zhu Yuanzhang put forward a well-thought-out strategy to the ministers and decided to enfeoffment all his sons to various places to be vassals. Three years in Hongwu, that is 1377. In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, that is, in March of 1380, Judy, the prince of Yan, led two guards and 5770 soldiers and left Nanjing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty, for his fief, Beiping, which is today's Beijing. This year, he was 2 1 year old. Beiping is the native land and capital, and it is also the throat area leading to Liaodong area from the Great Wall. Mongolian troops retreating to Saibei were surrounded from time to time. From time to time, they spy that the young prince is responsible for defending the border for the country and adding luster to the royal family. Participated in military activities in the north many times and was ordered to explore the north twice. He set out from Beijing, galloped on the battlefield, won a great victory every time, and returned home in triumph, which greatly strengthened his influence in the northern army and enhanced his military strength.
Later, we learned that Zhu Biao, the son of Zhu Yuanzhang, died very early. The prince is Zhu Yuanzhang's fourth son, and his eldest brother, the prince, is dead. Later, his brothers Qin Wang and Wang Jin also died one after another. Judy became the first king in the family succession and the biggest threat to Zhu Yuanzhang's heir to the throne. His is actually the grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang and the son of Prince Zhu Biao. In his later years, due to the early death of Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Yuanzhang made Zhu Yunwen, the son of Zhu Biao, the post-emperor Wen Jian in order to maintain the system. Wen Jian had just ascended the throne for a month when he suddenly arrested Zhou Wang, a veteran of Kaifeng Prefecture. Zhou Wang was deposed as Shu Ren for the crime of rebellion, and then exiled to Yunnan, a wild border area at that time. So the whole ruling and opposition parties were shocked. But this is just the beginning.
In order to weaken the influence of the vassal king, Wen Jian began the policy of reducing the vassal as soon as he ascended the throne. In less than a year, four captives were convicted, and Xiang Wang also led his family to set themselves on fire and died in an accident. Wen Jian soon cancelled the titles of Zhou Wang, Zhou Wang, Zhou Wang, Zhou Wang, Zhou Wang and King Wu, which frightened all the kings. In July of the first year of Wen Jian (1399), Judy, the prince of Yan, set out in the name of Jun Qing. The battle of Jingnan lasted for more than three years. After a bloody battle, Judy invaded Nanjing in 1402 and later succeeded to the throne. Let's talk about this situation below.
Generally speaking, the Yongle Emperor Judy was a very talented monarch. Although he attacked his political opponents with bloody means and brutally killed the courtiers of Wen Jian dynasty, he was branded as a tyrant. However, during his twenty-two years in office, he was an emperor with great achievements in politics, economy, culture, military affairs and diplomacy in the Ming Dynasty, and was actually called a generation of emperors.
Among the 0/6 emperors of Ming Dynasty/KLOC-,he had the closest relationship with Beijing, because he moved the capital to Beijing and became the first emperor in the Forbidden City in Beijing. And because of him, we said that when the Yuan Dynasty was just laid in Xu Da, it was called Beiping House. It was after Emperor Yongle ascended the throne and succeeded to the throne that Beiping was promoted to Beijing in the first month of the first year of Yongle, that is, only five months after he succeeded to the throne. This is the origin of Beijing's name. From then on, the name Beijing came into being.
Later, Beiping House was changed to Shuntianfu. Later, in the fourth year of Yongle (1406), Beijing Palace was ordered to be built and the capital was prepared to move to Beijing. We say that Emperor Yongle has deep feelings for Beijing. Although he was born and raised in Nanjing, he was a vassal of Beijing at the age of 265,438+0, and he was a prince in Beijing for 20 years, which was tempered and developed politically. Therefore, it is certain that Judy has deep feelings for Beijing.
According to some historical records, Judy prefers northern and northern food. At that time, korean king sent a North Korean chef to serve him. For Judy, the Yongle Emperor, Beijing is the place where he made his fortune and the foundation of his career. So we say that it started when Emperor Yongle moved to Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, which has a considerable relationship with his deep feelings for Beijing. In addition, although Zhu Yuanzhang made Nanjing his capital in the early Ming Dynasty, the military threat at that time came from Mongolian tribes in the north, which caused the separation of political center and military center. Geographically speaking, Beijing has a magnificent terrain, with the Great Wall as its back, Taihang Mountain as its pillow in the north, Shanhaiguan in the west and the Central Plains in the south. The terrain is easy to defend but difficult to attack, so it is very convenient to realize "controlling four foreigners to rule the world". Even in the context of military defense, it is very necessary to move the capital to Beijing.
In addition, some scholars believe that moving the capital to Beijing may be related to Judy's improper accession to the throne. He overthrew the country that took his nephew Wen Jian by force. Nanjing is the administrative center of Wen Jian. If he lives there for a long time, he will feel uneasy. Besides, if he is far away in Nanjing, Judy will feel that the military situation on the northern border is beyond his ability. Therefore, at the beginning of his succession, Ming Chengzu took a series of measures to develop Beijing's economy. For example, he ordered famous households in Shanxi and Zhejiang to move to Beijing, initially worked as laborers in Beijing, reduced taxes, and sent people to resume transportation. In the fourth year of Yongle (1406), Ming Chengzu called for the construction of Beijing Palace the following year, so he sent ministers to Sichuan, Huguang, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shanxi. In the fifth year of Yongle (1407), I went to Fangshan to mine boulders, collected 200,000 skilled craftsmen from all over the country, mobilized some troops, and started to build palaces in Beijing on the basis of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty and referring to the Nanjing Palace Regulations.