From Xiangdong Yi Zunlu to Luxi
[Author] Zha Shenxing? [Dynasty] Qing Dynasty
Huanghua Ancient Ferry connects Luxi and passes by Pingxiang Road gradually gets lower.
Barking dogs and crowing roosters are near and far from the village, and suckling geese and new ducks are on the east and west banks.
The silk drizzle moistens the clothes, and the good seedlings are cut with water.
It is still close to the customs of Hunan, and plowing is everywhere in the depth of spring.
Appreciation of "From Xiangdong Yi Zunlu to Luxi"
This seven-character rhyme written by Zha Shenxing has fresh, bright, concise and simple language; its meaning is frank and natural and smooth. , there is no quotation from the classics, and it makes you feel more cordial when reading it; it adopts the method of incorporating scenery into the poem, and using the scenery to convey emotions, and you can pick up the scenery you see in front of you and praise it for its wonderfulness; this poem is a masterpiece that is very poetic and picturesque. There are paintings in the poems, and there are paintings hidden in the paintings. The poem's two couplets are neatly contrasted, natural and smooth, without any sense of elaboration, which is even more surprising!
The title "Xiangdong Station Zunlu to Luxi" tells the scene in mid-spring when the poet got off the boat from the "Huanghua Ferry" of "Xiangdong Station" and arrived at Luxi by land. . "Zunlu" means walking along the land route. "Yi" is a place where people delivering government documents and passing officials changed their horses or stayed overnight in ancient times; "Xiangdong Yi" is the "Huanghua Crossing" in eastern Hunan (today's Xiangdong District, about 40 miles away from Pingxiang City). Luxi, a town in the Qing Dynasty, is located in the east of Pingxiang. Now it is Luxi County; judging from the title, the poet got straight to the point and locked the scope of what he wanted to write about on the road from Pingxiang to Luxi. Why should the poet focus on writing about his experiences along the way? What aroused his high interest? What exactly do you want to express? What message does he want to convey to the world and future generations? This made me more interested in the content behind his poem.
The first couplet "Huanghua Ancient Ferry connects Luxi, and the road gradually gets lower as we pass through Pingxiang Road." Pingxiang, then called Pingxiang County (now Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province). The first two sentences are as plain as words, and the connection is natural. Because from eastern Hunan to Pingxiang is not the focus of what he wants to write, he just mentions it in one stroke. The technique is skillful. It is true that the leaves fall without a trace and the wind passes silently! The general meaning of this sentence is: "After I landed at Huanghuadu, I immediately embarked on the journey to Luxi. After passing Pingxiang, the road gradually became flat." What I want to explain here is that Pingxiang is between eastern Hunan and Luxi, and the terrain is slightly higher than the two places. The flow of water in Pingxiang is called "both sides" in our local area. One side of the water flows westward through eastern Hunan into the Xiangjiang River, and the other side flows into the Xiangjiang River through eastern Hunan. The water flows eastward through Luxi River and flows into the Ganjiang River. It happens to be one to the east and one to the west, so it is called "Two Sides". Xu Shengwu, the magistrate of Pingxiang County in the same era, also has a poem written by Zhuzhi as evidence: "I went east to Jiangxi to write official papers, and went west to Xiangdong to pretend to be backward. The boat could not be reached within fifty miles, and the road was full of tung oil and ramie." "The boat could not be reached within fifty miles." There is no boat ride from Pingxiang to Luxi, only walking. Therefore, Mr. Chu Bai's "The road to Pingxiang is getting lower and lower" and Xu Shengwu's "The boat can't reach the middle of fifty miles", which corroborate each other.
The jaw couplet "Barking dogs and roosters are far and near, and suckling geese and new ducks are on the east and west banks." This is one of the most vibrant scenes the poet has ever seen. He listened and watched as he walked: "The village is well-proportioned. From time to time, you can hear the crow of chickens and dogs, which is so familiar. On the river bank, you can see the green grass and the newly born goslings and ducklings." It’s so peaceful to forage leisurely on both sides of the river.” These two sentences reflect the fact that during the Kangxi period, people's lives gradually stabilized and the social economy became increasingly prosperous after the war. It is a typical Jiangnan water town pastoral landscape painting.
"Barking dogs and crowing chickens" listen carefully, "suckling geese and new ducks" take a closer look, and through different senses, feel the peaceful, calm and fresh breath of life. The latter sentence hints at the vitality of new life and the arrival of a society that has experienced post-war production development and stable people's lives. From the "suckling goose and new duck" we can see the poet's appreciation and praise for the Jiangnan water town. As Zha Shenxing, who has traveled all over the country and is well-read, he knows the current situation of the country, and he also understands that people's lives have just stabilized.
The word "breast" and the word "new" are enough to express his full confidence and hope in the reconstruction of society after the war. This is how the poet faced the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan, borrowed objects to express his feelings, and wrote poems to sing. Leisurely and relaxed.
"The drizzle on silk reels moistens the clothes, and the good seedlings come out with water when cut with a knife." reeling, boiling cocoons and drawing silk. The silk reeling here is compared to spring rain. It is said that the spring rain is as silvery as silk. Continuously. The first couplet describes animals, dogs and chickens, geese and ducks; this couplet describes natural phenomena and plants. Further demonstrate the characteristics of the Jiangnan water town. "The spring rain falls densely and thinly, like strands of silver threads fluttering in front of your eyes, giving people a cool and comfortable feeling. After a spring rain, the water in the paddy fields is also full, and the seedlings are growing well. The height of the seedlings is almost as high as The water surface is level, and the green seedlings are as neatly trimmed as if someone had pruned them with scissors. They are clear and pleasing to the eye." The rain is like silk reeling, and the seedlings are like knives and scissors. These two metaphors are very appropriate. It turned out that it was the elegant and charming scenery here that aroused the poet's strong interest. I had to admire the poet's careful observation of the things around him, and I sighed with admiration at the accuracy of the poet's expression of things.
"It is still similar to the climate of Hunan. In the depth of spring, plows are plowing everywhere." Hunan is close to eastern Hunan and to the west of Pingxiang. Pingxiang and Hunan both belong to the Chu region, and their customs are very similar. The first three couplets of the poem describe the scenery, and only the last couplet draws the conclusion, pointing out that the customs and climate here are similar to those in Hunan. Even now, people in Hunan still call people in Jiangxi "old cousin". These two sentences describe the poet's feelings: after the Grain Rain, the peach blossoms and willows are everywhere, and the plowshares turn over the soil, a farming scene. Cows are walking in the painting, and people are swimming in the painting, which vividly outlines the farming scene in the Jiangnan water town. The poem does not say a single word for cow, nor does it specify a single character for human, but when read, it is like cattle plowing in the fields and the sound of people is bustling. The scene is such a poetic and dreamlike picture of spring plowing in the south of the Yangtze River! It is true that "there are paintings within poems, and there are poems within paintings". It makes you feel the same way when you read it, and it is unforgettable. One has to admire Mr. Chubai's superb skills.
Ancient poets often visited mountains and rivers and wrote about scenery and aspirations. Poems about scenery accounted for a large proportion of ancient Chinese poetry. Generally speaking, landscape poems often shape images, outline artistic conception, use foil and contrast techniques, or embody emotions in the scenery or blend the scenes. Cha Shenxing used the line drawing technique in this poem. The two couplets in the middle of the poem are neatly contrasted, and the language is fresh, bright, concise and simple. "Barking dogs and crowing chickens are far and near the village, suckling geese and new ducks are on the east and west shores. Silk is moistened by the drizzle, and good seedlings are flowing out when cut with knives." The two couplets are a wonderful pairing. At the same time, it also conveys the poet's emotion, the picture he hopes to see and happens to be seen by him. In order to express this exciting emotion, the poet expresses his feelings by describing the scenery.
In the early Qing Dynasty, poets mostly learned from the Tang Dynasty. After Zha Shenxing's rise, he also studied from the Tang and Song Dynasties, becoming the most accomplished author who imitated Song poetry in the early Qing Dynasty. It had a great influence on the poetry world. No wonder Zhao Yi said in "Oubei Poetry": "After Wu Weiye of Meicun), it is really difficult to list a family after the princes of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Only Zha Chubai can develop and be skilled in work." "It is necessary to The depth of his skill is only that of Xiangshan ④ and Fang Weng ⑤." Note ① "The six schools of the country" refer to Shi Runzhang, Song Wan, Zhu Yizun, Wang Shizhen, Zhao Zhixin and Cha Shenxing. Shi Runzhang and Song Wan are also known as "Southern Shi and Northern Song Dynasty".
② Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Zuren, named Xuanye, succeeded to the throne at the age of 8 and took charge of the government at the age of 14. At the age of 16, he got rid of the auxiliary minister Ao Bai who formed a clique for personal gain and bullied his young master. Weakened the power of the Eight Banners leader, at the age of 20, he faced the San Francisco led by Wu Sangui. After eight years of hard work, he quelled the war in one fell swoop. In August 1683, he regained Taiwan and maintained unification, thus creating the prosperous age of Kangxi and Qianlong. Promoted the social and economic development in the early Qing Dynasty.
③ Wu Meicun, named Weiye, courtesy name Jungong, and nicknamed Meicun, was born in Taicang, Jiangsu Province. He was a influential literary figure in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and was known as the "Three Great Masters of Jiangzuo" (i.e. Qian One of Qianyi, Wu Weiye, and Gong Dingzi) ④ Bai Juyi (772-846), whose courtesy name was Lotte, and whose name was Xiangshan Jushi. His ancestral home was Taiyuan, and he later moved to Weinan, Shaanxi. In the Zhenyuan period, he was promoted to Jinshi and made up the school's scholar. His poems have a clear political tendency, emphasizing allegory and frankness. He is one of the masters of the Mid-Tang Dynasty. The poetic style is bold and powerful, similar to Li Bai, and is known as "Little Taibai".
He has written extensively, including "Jiannan Poetry Draft", "Weinan Collected Works", etc. A brief introduction to Zha Shenxing, the author of "From Xiangdong Yi Zunlu to Luxi"
Zha Shenxing (1650～1727) was a poet of the Qing Dynasty and the ancestor of the famous contemporary writer Jin Yong. His first name was Silian, with the courtesy name Xia Zhong, and his nickname Chatian; later he was renamed Shenxing, with the courtesy name Huiyu, and his nickname Tashan, and was given the nickname Yanbo Diaotu. In his later years, he lived in Chubai nunnery, so he was also called Chachubai. A native of Yuanhua, Haining (now part of Zhejiang). In the 42nd year of Kangxi's reign (1703), he became a Jinshi; he was specially awarded the title of Editor of the Hanlin Academy and entered the imperial court. In the fifty-second year (1713), he returned home after begging for leave and stayed at home for more than 10 years. In the fourth year of Yongzheng's reign (1726), because of his younger brother's slander case in Siting, he was convicted of parental neglect and was arrested in Beijing. He was released the following year and died soon after. Zha Shenxing studied poetry from Dongpo and Fangweng, and tried to annotate Su poetry. After Zhu Yizun's death, he became the leader of Southeast poetry. He is the author of "Notes on Poems from Other Mountains". Other works by Cha Shenxing
○ What I saw during the boat night
○ Crossing the Yuan Lake at dawn
○ Song to the Moon on Dongting Lake on a Mid-Autumn Night
○ Sanlv Temple
○ More works by Cha Shenxing