Academy has always been a symbol and platform bearing spiritual temperament and cultural mission. Hufeng Academy is a collection of Huizhou spirits, and its "Zou Lu Culture" and "Pengying Mountain Water" are admired by the world, with elegant environment and beautiful lakes and mountains, which is a scenic spot of Huizhou West Lake.
Historically, Hufeng Academy is well-known in Lingnan and is one of the four major academies in Guangdong. As early as 700 years ago, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Juxian Hall with lectures was founded in Yingangling, behind the former municipal government. After 10, it was changed to "Hu Feng Academy". In the Ming Dynasty, the academy was gradually abandoned. During the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Wang Ying, the magistrate of Huizhou, rebuilt the "Hu Feng Academy" here; During the Jiaqing period, Hu Feng Academy was built on a large scale, and Song Xiang, a famous scholar, was appointed as the dean. During this period, "followers gathered and people competed for knowledge", and the academy entered a new heyday. /kloc-Hu Feng Academy in the 0 ~ (th) century is already a famous academy in Lingnan. In modern times, the academy was transformed into Huizhou Middle School, Huizhou Middle School and Huizhou Normal School. In the late 1970s, after the national college entrance examination was resumed, Huiyang Normal College and Huizhou College were established. Due to the long history and the change of dynasties, the original site of Hufeng Academy has disappeared, but its role in Huizhou culture will go down in history forever. Hu Feng Academy was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty. Driven by the historical trend of running academies in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Ruyu, the magistrate of Huizhou, founded Juxian Hall in Yingangling (now the location of Yinshan Building on Nanmen Road) in the fourth year of Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1244) to commemorate the famous Confucian "Mr. Twelve" who made the greatest contribution to Huizhou's economy and culture since the Tang and Song Dynasties.
Yingangling is the location of the scenic spot "Kaiyuan Buddha" in Huizhou West Lake. Yu Jing of the Song Dynasty vividly described the landscape of Yin Gangling in the Story of Kaiyuan Temple: "The hills and valleys are heavy, the valleys and valleys are hidden, the rivers are flat, the lakes are beautiful, the secluded places are explored, and the differences are appreciated, which is the best in a county." Kaiyuan Temple, built in the Tang Dynasty, is the "strongest and most successful temple" in Huizhou, which has historical significance in the history of Huizhou culture development from longxing temple in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to Kaiyuan Temple in the Tang Dynasty and Juxian Hall in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Ten years later, in the second year of Baoyou (AD 1254), Huizhou Taishou Liu further changed Juxiantang into an academy. It was reorganized according to the college organization at that time. "Learning to be excellent is to be an official" (Dean) "Selecting people with aspirations and teaching them". As the highest institution of higher learning in Huizhou, it was named "Hu Feng Academy" after Huizhou West Lake (in Song Dynasty, Huizhou West Lake was called Hu Feng instead of West Lake). Liu Ye expanded the main hall, and built a "Twelve Misters Hall" behind the original "Rare Hall". Further west, another "Six Gentlemen Academy" was built. "There are four villages in the south and three gates in the south" as a training place.
During the three hundred years of Song Dynasty, there were fifty-three Jinshi in six counties of Huizhou prefecture. Guishan (now Huiyang District, Huizhou City) Jinshi retained his official position to the right prime minister and Tang Dynasty, and sealed Wei Gong. Li Sichun, Li Siyi, Chen Guohan, Chen Kai and Li Xianchen all worked as state officials. The state official paid 2000 stone, and later people called his residence "Wanshifang" (now Zhongshan South Road). Regret, Liang Zhaode and Zhang are called scholars. In the second year of Ding Jing (A.D. 126 1 year), the "Ruyi Pavilion" was built in front of the courtyard. After song and yuan war, in the third year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (AD 1299), the mountain chief Huang Zhaosun was rebuilt.
The Ming Dynasty abandoned academies several times, and Lingnan culture was the same as that of the whole country. Due to the expansion of Huizhou's urban construction, Huizhou West Lake has become more and more famous. Many domestic celebrities came to Huizhou to set up academies, such as Lianxi Academy and Tian Quan Academy (which were soon abolished), to compete with Hu Feng Academy to give lectures. The famous educator and philosopher Wang Shouren (Wang Yangming, 1472- 1528) has also been to Huizhou. His student, Xue Kan, lectured at Hu Feng College and spread his theory.
There were 44 scholars in Huizhou Prefecture in Ming Dynasty. Ye Mengxiong, a returning scholar, became a minister in the Ministry of War and presented him with a precious book. Yang Qiyuan, from an official to an assistant minister in the official department, is very good at literature and neo-Confucianism. His and Ye Mengxiong's works were included in Siku Quanshu. Ye Mengxiong, Yang Qiyuan, Ye Calyx, Ye Ye and Li Xueyi were honored as "Mr.five". Che Bangyou, Zeng Shouyue, Natalie, Li Shuxun, Han Dongzan and others have made certain achievements in politics, martial arts, academics and literature. Zheng Weixin wrote Hui da ji in the seventh year of Jiajing (A.D. 1528).
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, class contradictions were sharp and society was in turmoil. Hu Feng College was abandoned and gradually abandoned. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the rulers of Qing Dynasty were afraid that academies would spread anti-Qing patriotic thoughts and restricted academies in many ways. Later, the Qing government advocated Neo-Confucianism, and some local officials began to set up their own academies. In the 23rd year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1684), Lv Yingkui, the magistrate of Huizhou, was ordered to donate money to build the West Lake Academy and bought part of the foundation of Tanghuang Jinyiyuan. Also known as "Yi-ology".
In the thirty-third year of Kangxi (A.D. 1694), Wang Ying, the magistrate of Huizhou, was renamed as Hufeng Academy (the former site of Genhufeng Academy). Due to the decline of Huizhou education, it was a place to set up Jinyi Garden and "Yi Xue" and was rebuilt as "Changshou Temple" in Qing Dynasty. It was not rebuilt many times until modern times).
Jinyiyuan, or "Biyuan", is the villa of Ye Mengxiong in the Ming Dynasty. Located at the northern end of today's Hufeng Peninsula, surrounded by water on three sides (now the main teaching building of Huiyang Teachers College), it was one of the famous garden buildings in Huizhou West Lake at that time. Ye Mengxiong "bought a thousand hectares of turtle peak and built 300 more towers." Ingeniously form a "barrier frame grounding, painting a boat to connect the water fence." The balcony is covered with thousands of scenery, and it is called "the beautiful place of the West Lake". After the Ming Dynasty, "Blue Garden" declined, but it was still a place for patriots to associate. Ye Mengxiong's "Victoria City of Sun Ye", known as the "three outstanding poets in Lingnan", Qu Dajun, Chen Gongyin, Liang and other famous scholars and ministers in the late Ming Dynasty wrote many patriotic poems in this garden.
Wang Ying attaches importance to the construction of culture and education, and also attaches importance to the construction of landscape architecture. His "Hu Feng Yuan Shu Ji" elaborated his educational thought in detail:
"Land people, the treasure of the country. It is the first in politics to cultivate it because of its high level and teach it because of its knowledge and ability. " "However, there are still many people who train educational talents for politics at all times and in all countries. As for embellishing lakes and mountains, they may find it useless. I don't know that mountains and rivers contribute to humanities. "
Wang Ying has made great efforts to rebuild Hu Feng College. He planned funds, "bought fields such as jinlong town, and collected more than 500 stones at the age of five. Buy Shuikouwei store room, and collect rent for more than 40 Liang at the age of 18. " For "a scholar who is not poor in ambition, give them the money of the gang." "I am over twenty years old, and I have taken a short course in the Academy to decorate the lakes and mountains." "Building twenty-four halls is thought to be a place for learning and learning, and building pavilions and pavilions is thought to be a place to rest." He hired a famous Confucian scholar to give lectures in the academy. Also do "political leisure, student apprentices during school, because they clamor for boarding."
Soon, the prefect king built the "Imperial Bookstore" on the west side of the academy, and inscribed four lines of Du Shi, the imperial book of Emperor Kangxi: "Whoever makes a contribution to the Qilin Pavilion first in this generation, the king is a man, and he who controls it is a hero." Copy the questions on the stone and worship them upstairs.
Since the reconstruction of Hu Feng Academy, many scholars have studied hard to get the names of their families. There are relatives and friends from far and near, singing and making friends with the boat on the lake. The article has been circulating for a long time. "
In the 11th year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1733), the Qing court issued a "Imperial Decree", ordering all provinces and provincial capitals to set up academies and pay the start-up expenses 1200 yuan. It is determined that "academies study ancient vassal states" (equivalent to "provincial universities"). So all provinces set up academies one after another, and once again set off a craze for running academies.
In the fifth year of Jiaqing (A.D. 1800), Yi Bingshou, the magistrate of Huizhou, invited people from ten states to build Hufeng Academy on a large scale at a cost of 5,200 yuan. It was completed in the following year (A.D. 180 1 year). Celebrity Song Xiang was appointed as the mountain leader. Song Xiang also wrote inscriptions and couplets for the main entrance of the college.
Mo Qing, Yi Bingshou, is from Tingzhou, Fujian. He was a famous official in Qing Dynasty, as well as a famous Confucian and calligrapher. Miyaguri. His unique official script is called Ili. He made great contributions to Huizhou's culture, education and social economy. Huizhou people built the "Gong Yi Temple" on the east side of the Academy as a memorial.
He set up a stone in the yard and wrote down his educational proposition: "Scholars should learn from saints and others. Although people are modest, they don't give up those who are not people. On the contrary, it's ridiculous. I will keep the legacy of Bailudong, teach by example, to avoid bullying, and be a man and a sage in the future. " He also wrote the word "honest" in official script on the wall of the lobby in the hospital, and wrote an postscript saying: "People should accumulate wealth and be dignified and knowledgeable. Therefore, as the saying goes,' if a gentleman is not heavy, he will not be martial, and his learning will not be solid'. I wrote the word' Dunzhong' in class as a souvenir. " He inherited the tradition of Huizhou West Lake classical garden architecture and built various houses. There have been "Lequn Pavilion", "Chengguan Building" and "Zhao Xi Pavilion".
The wind bath pavilion. "Covers an area of 100 mu", exceeding the scale of the previous generation. He also formulated various systems of the college, formulated academic rules and opened up sources of funds.
Song Xiang, Wan Zhi, was born in Chengxiang (now Meixian District, Meizhou City). He is a poet and calligrapher. Be knowledgeable and versatile. During his lectures at Hufeng Academy, Confucianism gathered in all directions, making the Academy famous. He is the author of eleven volumes of The Red Apricot House Collection. Among them, the poems of Hu Feng's Academy period consist of a volume of Hu Feng Cao Man and a volume of Hu Feng Cao Xu. When I left the academy, I wrote "five poems" on the wall of the urban management building in the courtyard. Qiu, a poet in the late Qing Dynasty, is known as "the calligraphy of poetry".
In the 24th year of Jiaqing (A.D. 18 19), Luo, the magistrate of Huizhou, personally asked about the Academy. Many measures have been taken to "show his ambition, increase his bookstore, enrich his paste, strictly test his exams and explain his parents' words". In view of the shortage of college funds, the poor treatment of teachers and the difficult life of students at that time, he took the lead in "donating 420 yuan's initiative, responding from top to bottom, and getting 14520 yuan, and returning (good) Bo (Luo) as business interest". And establish financial regulations: "establish sales regulations, establish a monument, and file a case in detail." "The gentlemen of the two counties take turns to be in charge, and the number of people coming in and out at the age of 20 depends on the official. All gentlemen have to be inspected by the school. " It is necessary to improve the quality of teachers and the treatment of teachers. "Bird teachers must be two lists, excellent in character and learning, and the gentleman applies to the government for appointment. Liang Xiu is 320 yuan, he eats 820 yuan, saves 420 yuan, and counts two stones every month. Prison, Valley Forty Stones ". For students, the living allowance will be increased according to different classes. Therefore, the college further consolidated its development. "Followers gather and people compete to learn." Enter a new heyday. /kloc-Hufeng Academy in the 0/9th century is a famous academy in Lingnan, the highest institution of learning in Huizhou, and the beautiful scenery of Huizhou West Lake. In the autumn of the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), Chen founded the provincial Qinqin University, located in Shiliugang, Guangzhou, and set up an affiliated middle school, located in Yuexiu College Street. In the autumn of the 27th year of the Republic of China (1-938), Qinqin University was closed, and the middle school attached to it was changed to the middle school attached to the Provincial Institute of Education and moved to Baihewei, Kaiping. In the autumn of the following year, the Provincial College of Education was renamed as the Provincial College of Arts and Sciences, and the attached middle school was renamed as the attached middle school of the College of Arts and Sciences, and moved to Ruyuan, and then moved to the northeast of Lian County at the end of the year. In 33 years of the Republic of China (1944), the affiliated middle school left the college and established its own school. The school was named Yuexiu Middle School. In March of the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), President Zhong led the school to move from Lian County to Huizhou Academy (the former site of the Third Provincial Middle School). In June of the same year, the provincial Huizhou Normal School was changed by the provincial order. Since then, the predecessor of Huizhou University has been rooted in the former site of Hufeng Academy, which is a "small landscape of ancient Zou Road", from Guangzhou-Kaiping-Ruyuan-Lianxian.
According to Mr. Huang Dingguo's textual research, Zhong, the principal who commanded foreign learning to occupy the former site of the academy, was originally from Shuikou, Huiyang. In his early years, he studied in Provincial No.3 Middle School and was admitted to the Chinese Department of Sun Yat-sen University. At that time, the Provincial Department of Education had certain "backstage power". Zhong was salivating at the beautiful academy in Huizhou, so he won the support of the provincial education department in June 5438+0946, and moved Yuexiu Middle School to Huizhou, the former provincial middle school, on the grounds that "the education department has the right to handle and use the property of provincial schools in the province".
At the same time, as an authentic descendant of the Academy, Huizhou Middle School, one of the first three provincial middle schools in Guangdong Province, "created the precedent of Huizhou's modern middle school education". "As the original site was moved to Yuexiu Middle School, a provincial middle school that moved from Lian County as early as March of the same year had to be re-established in the old county town of Gong Xue (now East Huixin East Street 1)".