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Model essay on middle school students' reading experience in The Scholars
There are 6 reading notes of The Scholars, with 800 words.
The Scholars 1 After Reading
Among China's classical novels, The Scholars is a work that specifically reflects the life of corporal under the imperial examination system. With its sharp social criticism and accurate description of the distortion of human nature caused by the system, it has become one of the masterpieces of Chinese classical literature.
The imperial examination system broke the hereditary situation of the bureaucratic class and made it possible for the broad masses of civilians to flow upward. Moreover, its effective implementation makes the officials in China completely composed of intellectuals, which greatly improves the knowledge ability and comprehensive quality of the bureaucratic class. From the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, almost all the best officials in China's history were born in imperial examinations. It should be noted, however, that the limited number of places and contents of the imperial examinations not only caused serious defects in the knowledge structure of China officials, but also made China scholars give priority to instrumental rationality when they strive for a good ranking, which laid a hidden danger for their pragmatic morality and even wanton corruption after they became officials. Since the Ming Dynasty, the widespread application of Neo-Confucianism and stereotyped writing in imperial examinations has made this system an effective tool for the country to promote the ideology of the ruling class and curb the thoughts of scholars. It is precisely because of these drawbacks that the imperial examination system, which was implemented for more than a thousand years, was abolished by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty when the New Deal was in full swing in the late Qing Dynasty.
The Scholars and the Life of the Author Wu;
The biography of Wu found by Baidu Encyclopedia is as follows: "Wu (170 1- 1754), the word Wenmu, was one of the greatest novelists in Qing Dynasty. Han nationality, Anhui Quanjiao people. Because there is a "Wenmu Mountain Residence" at home, he called himself "Wenmu Old Man" in his later years, and because he moved from his hometown in Quanjiao, Anhui Province to Qinhuai River in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, he was also called "Qinhuai River Guest". Young, smart and good at remembering. A little longer, make up the formal disciple. Jing You's Selected Works, Cheng. I am not good at treating students, and my nature is heroic. In a few years, I have squandered all my old products, and sometimes I can't even eat.
In the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), Governor Zhao issued an invitation to be "well-read" and refused to go (he took part in the three-level local examinations of Academy, Fuyuan and Du Yuan, but was not postponed due to illness). Moved to Jinling and became a literary leader. He also gathered his comrades to build the Pantheon at the foot of Yuhua Mountain and worshipped 230 people below Taibo. If the capital is insufficient, the house you live in will be sold, and the poor will benefit at home. In his later years, he became an old man named Wenmu, who was a guest in Yangzhou, especially in drinking. Later he died among the guests. "
Thus, Du Fu should be the embodiment and portrayal of the author Wu in The Scholars. Wu was born in a local clan. "His family was never happy. He was once famous and powerful." . This enabled Wu to receive a good cultural education in his early years, and at the same time he had the capital to look down on officialdom and was not driven by the imperial examination. This background also makes Wu's attitude towards the imperial examination system and imperial power have obvious duality: on the one hand, he mocks the vulgar literati who study hard and are busy only for fame and fortune; On the other hand, he has a good expectation and imagination for scholars with real Confucian spirit, including the imperial power behind this spirit. The reason why The Scholars adopts the writing style of satire in the first 30 chapters and inspiration in the last 30 chapters is obviously closely related to Wu's family background. Wu opposed the stereotyped stereotyped selection method, not the imperial examination system itself, and had no intention of questioning the imperial power and the traditional ruling order of China as a whole.
The background of scholars;
/kloc-at the beginning of the 0/8th century, both the feudal monarchy and the imperial examination system reached their peak and were on the eve of decline and collapse.
The binary opposition of Confucian morality and ethics is becoming more and more serious. On the one hand, it is Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, which insists on morality and ethics on paper and pursues inner cultivation; on the other hand, it is teleology, which means whatever it takes to achieve its goal, and its words and deeds are different.
Thoughts on Reading The Scholars
During the summer vacation, I bought a book "The Scholars" to read. I've heard this book before. It's a satirical novel. This book describes what the author Wu saw and heard. It reflects the phenomenon that human nature was corroded in feudal society.
The person we are most familiar with in the book has not met Yan Jiansheng. He appeared in our textbook. He is a timid and rich man. What impressed him most was that Yan Jian was still looking at two bamboo hearts before his death, which reflected his love for money. However, this person also makes me very disgusted, that is, when he mourned his wife, he refused to buy even a flower, which reflected his love for money.
The novel tells the story of Wang Mian from the beginning, and it is of great significance for the author to start from here. By reading the stories of scholars behind, and comparing with Wang Mian's life, the author's irony will be shown. This just responded to the theme and satirized the feudal society. However, Wang Mian is worth learning. He studied hard all his life and achieved many things.
In the article, some people think that candidates use money to buy diplomas, and that is Zhou Jin. I don't study hard in my life, I am romantic and chic outside, and I bully others by my father's position. I despise such people the most. There are many such characters in this book, just to satirize society.
In fact, from the bitter irony, I also read a comforting point, that is, some people have begun to realize the harm and want revolution to change the status quo, which is the sublimation of thought.
Thoughts on Reading The Scholars
Today, I read a satirical novel, The Scholars, which was well-known in Qing Dynasty.
The Scholars mainly talks about the different expressions of fame and fortune by various people in the old society. Described some images of Confucian scholars who were deeply poisoned by the stereotyped imperial examination system, reflecting the bad secular atmosphere at that time.
What impressed me most in The Scholars was the miser-Yan Jiansheng. He is a timid and rich man. What impressed him most was Yan Jiansheng's sudden death. This incident fully shows that Yan Jiansheng is stingy and loves money like life. I don't think such people are worth learning. On the contrary, we have learned to be generous in life. If we are not generous enough, we will end up like Yan Jiansheng. Another thing that Yan Jiansheng knows from mourning his dead wife is that Yan Jiansheng is so stingy that he won't even spend any money on relatives, which fully reflects Yan Jiansheng's love for money.
In the opening words of The Scholars, Wang Mian, who was born in the countryside, went to herd cattle because he had no money at home. But he likes reading, so he buys books every day. In the end, many things have become celebrities in the county. Many people hired him to be an official, but he refused. He fled to the mountains and lived in seclusion. It shows that he hates the boring life of being an official.
In life, there are such people. We often see on TV that some officials do things that harm others and do not benefit themselves for money and power, regardless of the interests of the people, and finally end up like Yan Jiansheng. These realistic things tell us not to be greedy and cheap, to be generous and not to love money like life.
Confucianism taught me to be generous and not greedy for petty advantages.
Thoughts on Reading The Scholars
I didn't quite understand the meaning of The Scholars at first, but I didn't understand it until I listened to my father's explanation.
Take Fan Jinzhong as an example. Since ancient times, people have said that it is useless and they are scholars. You are talking about a scholar like Jin Fan. You see, before he won the prize, he could do nothing but study hard, and he couldn't even sell a chicken. With the help of his father-in-law, he has no viability at all.
In fact, reading is a process in which a person constantly absorbs spiritual food. The most important thing is to absorb it and then turn it into your own strength. This is the same as our three meals: eating, absorbing nutrition and promoting our own growth. It's a pity that some students in the Confucian forest only pay attention to "food", that is, they study for decades, but ignore absorption. For them, reading is just a tool to knock on the door of wealth. Once the goal is achieved, this tool is worthless. These people, even if they study all their lives, will not have any knowledge to absorb and transform into their own strength. These books are useless except that they are malnourished.
It can be seen that the scholars at that time studied and became officials at all costs. Their real purpose after becoming an official is to take bribes and exploit the people, and only a few of them are thinking of the people. Now this situation in society has been greatly improved, but there are still criminals who take bribes and endanger the people, but they will eventually be punished by law.
Thoughts on Reading The Scholars
I finally finished reading The Scholars. Finally, it is because reading is not easy. But when reading, the author's intention is unavoidable. What story did he tell? What feelings or thoughts does he want to express? Who is the object of his characters' praise, satire and criticism? These problems are difficult to think about when reading The Scholars.
But this does not prevent me from reading it with great input. The whole book is like a wonderful documentary. The author is a senior photographer, who calmly and meticulously records the daily life, behaviors, attitudes and experiences of all kinds of literati in that era, without discussion or comment. Facing the primitive life among Confucian scholars, what you think is your own business.
The Scholars is about people in the Scholars, so there are many characters. You sing, I go on stage. The way to tell a story is the same as the movie "Beijing Love Story" directed by Chen Sicheng. Everyone's story is relatively independent, and people are interrelated. Not only the protagonist is changing, but also the story scenes, such as Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Yangzhou, Tianchang County, Nanchang, Huizhou Prefecture, Miaojiang, Shandong and Beijing. Temples, mansions, places of interest, camps, rivers, boats, brothels, churches and courts. The advantage of reading this wonderful book is that you can start reading from many places, and you can also read many places and put it down. The bad thing is that if you don't use dim sum, it reads like a monkey breaking corn, picking it up and throwing it in front, and reading it in clouds and fog.
Until you read the whole book, what is the overview of this book with the help of simple reading notes? Just have a rough outline Forty-three years of Wanli, the world has been peaceful for a long time. Although the floods and droughts were partial disasters and the refugees carried the road, the emperor did not care. He is proud of the strict imperial examination system for selecting talents established by Gaozu. He thought there might be people who missed the audition. He had never been to imperial academy in his life. So he went to various prefectures and counties for an interview for a year, collected poems, epitaphs and poems of dead Confucian scholars, and selected them after layers of assessment. The list is divided into three places, the first one accounts for the top three, the second one accounts for 20, and the third one accounts for 32. After the list was published, Liu Shangshu held a grand commemorative ceremony in imperial academy. (Chapter 56, Emperor Zongshen wrote a letter to respect the virtuous, and Liu Shangshu offered sacrifices in sequence) This book tells the life fragments of 55 deceased Confucian scholars on this list, which is enough to reflect this person's knowledge and personality. Of course, some people's lives are detailed and some people's lives are short.
Du, the third in the first class, is the most famous figure in the book. He was charitable, and the property left by his ancestors was gradually given away, borrowed and cheated, so he moved from Tianchang County to Nanjing, and life became more and more difficult. But he still didn't change his true colors, took his wife to travel, and his daughter dispersed without blinking, leaving the world to ridicule and live quietly. He is brilliant, but he doesn't care about fame. When he didn't take the imperial examination, the government came to him and begged him to be an official. He pretended to be ill and refused. He treats people coldly in vanity fair, and gives everything to old servants and people who love their parents. Although some people criticized him for being unable to make a living and stupid, Du Shaoqing of Tianchang County was regarded as a hero by many people. Du, a character, has placed the author's highest ideal for literati: he has feelings of helping the world, but he is still poor and unyielding, and he is rich and unyielding.
Yu Yide, the first and Zhuang Shangzhi, the second in the first group, all have the idea of being indifferent to fame and fortune. However, Yu Yide was suspected to be too old to enter the Hanlin Academy because he truthfully reported his age. He returned to his hometown and became a doctor without any regrets. Zhuang Shangzhi, because of a scorpion, went down the slope and got a donkey to give to Xuanwu Lake. Ironically, these three people who took detours or avoided fame before their death were appointed to the top three immediately after their death. The emperor's wishful thinking, I wonder if it will make the three famous Confucianism fidgety.
It is Bao who writes a lot, has characteristics and good character, and ranks second in the nineteenth place. He is a loyal and honest man. He is the manager of this troupe. He doesn't bully the upper and the lower, and he is charitable. After his death, the king county magistrate who was rescued by him wrote an inscription for him, which was listed on the list after investigation. Second, twelfth, thirteenth? The Lou Zan brothers visited celebrities all over the world, eager for talents. I was cheated by a pseudonym, but I don't care and I don't change my original intention of making friends with celebrities. Those who write more, have characteristics and have bad records rank third and 21st. . Originally, he was a good rural youth who was devoted to filial piety. Later, because of filial piety, he was funded by the county magistrate to enter the field of fame and fortune research, and became a villain who burned down the bridge and forgot his righteousness. There is also the third place, the thirtieth place, Niupu. The poor boy loves reading and is respectable, but his mind is crooked and he is a bad man. It can be seen that there is a false name for the mixed fish and dragons, which has existed since ancient times.
Zhou Jin, Jin Fan, Ji Yinian and others have little pen and ink but are very distinctive. The first two people went to school for half their lives, one was crazy with pain and the other was crazy with joy, and then they each got their place and helped each other. The latter person is arrogant. Just because he writes well, he feels that his shoes are sloppy and stay in someone else's study, so he is invited to write and scold others. He asked the young monk to press the paper when he wrote. If he was dissatisfied, he would either scold or hit. These freaks all died in Imperial High School. There is another kind of woman, Shen Qiongzhi, who ran away from her marriage and sold words to go to court. On the way home, her story changed to two prostitutes she met on the boat, and she didn't know what to do. Du visited because she was selling people in Nanjing and wanted someone to write an article for this strange girl, so she ranked first and third.
Special mention should be made to Yan Jiansheng, who is not on the list. His brother Yan Zhizhong has a big position, ranking third and 26th. According to word of mouth, Yan Jiansheng's harmony is a typical meanness. Before he died, he pointed to two wicks and didn't close his eyes until his wife pulled out a wick. As we all know, his brother David bullied a pig in someone else's house, and he was far away from home in order to go to court. It was Yan Jiansheng who paid to quell the grievances in the countryside. His wife was seriously ill, and two uncles and his wife begged him to straighten Zhao's concubine. After her death, she accidentally found 520 taels of silver in her collection, thinking that she was a thrifty person, but she became depressed. He used the money saved by his wife to support two uncles to participate in scientific research, and later died. In fact, he is a nostalgic and thrifty person, but he is stingy with himself. After his death, his brother drove Mrs. Zhao away and took over her house. This bad brother was on the list after his death, and Yan Jiansheng was widely misunderstood. What a sigh!
The author remains neutral in the novel, only describing people's notes and making no comments. However, many high comments on the characters may represent the ideological trend at that time and may also reflect the author's attitude. For example, the thirteenth time I went, I talked with Guo Gongsun about articles and career, the thirty-sixth time I went, Dr. Yu talked with his protege about Du, the forty-fourth time I went, Chi Hengshan talked with Yu about Feng Shui, the forty-ninth time I went, and Shi talked with Gao Hanlin about fame and knowledge, and so on. Some statements are very insightful. For example, finding a treasure house for parents to bury, thinking that parents should not be attacked by floods and ants and should not reproduce, is not only unreliable, but also unfilial. Another example is fame and learning. "A scholar only talks about learning, not seeking fame; Those who reward merit only talk about fame and don't need to learn. If you want to talk about both, you can't do anything later. "There are many such profound dialogues in the book, which is also an important reason why this wonderful book is enduring.
It is true that the book often shows the limitations of the imperial examination system, meritocracy, official corruption and perverting the law. However, everyone is at large in Du Like and Shao Qing, hollowing out their limited help. Is this really a model of Confucianism? Dr Xu Jiasheng said: All scholars in China have the ambition to make contributions. It is the ideal way for many scholars to cultivate their spirits and improve their level. However, learning and fame may achieve each other for a while, but it is difficult to have both. People who are committed to learning have limited fame, that is, the stage for display is limited; And those who can earn fame, it is difficult to protect their initial heart, otherwise their fame will not be guaranteed. It often becomes an obstacle to development unconsciously. Reading The Scholars still has profound practical significance.
In the process of reading, I often feel how strange tradition is. Bad traditions are as hard to get rid of as spells. In the past, there were all kinds of ugliness in the Confucian scholars, and there were all kinds of ugliness in the officialdom. Until now, it has not disappeared, and it will shine when it meets the right climate. And a good tradition is like water in your hand. If it leaks, you can't get it back. People's hearts are not ancient, and some simple ancient customs are soon lost. Just like the trust between people in The Scholars, you meet by chance, you complain, you don't know each other, and I help you fix everything. What can you do now? Even whether the old man fell on the road has become a problem. Fraud is everywhere, and fortifications are everywhere. The scholar Niu Buyi died in the temple, and the monk pretended to be buried, buried the coffin and recited the scriptures. He cried piteously one after another. Du's old servant died. He was already worried and buried. He cried one after another. Now the death of many old people has really become a funeral. Not only did no one cry, but some people sang operas and made the funeral lively. Looking back and looking at the present, I can't help but sigh!
In classical novels, if there are many clues to characters, they should be sorted out by list. For example, the Water Margin has 36 stars, 72 earth stars and 108 seats. The Romance of Gods has a list of gods. It is said that there is a list of love after A Dream of Red Mansions and a list of fame and fortune in The Scholars. If you think along the list again, the gray line of grass snake becomes clear. This is my little reading method.
Five articles about readers' feelings after reading;
★ Five personal experiences after reading The Scholars
★ Five choices of readers' feelings after reading.
★ Five thoughts after reading The Scholars.
★ Scholars: 5 personal thoughts after reading.
★ Five thoughts on reading The Scholars
★ Five thoughts of junior middle school students after reading.
★ 5 articles about students' feelings after reading The Scholars.
★ Five comments of scholars
★ 5 articles about scholars.
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