The history of Dongqing tomb

The Dongling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty 15 Mausoleum began with the first construction of the emperor shunzhi Xiaoling Mausoleum 166 1 (18th year of Shunzhi) and ended with the completion of the Dingdong Mausoleum of Putuo Valley of Empress Dowager Cixi 1908 (34th year of Guangxu). Construction activities lasted for 247 years. With the development of Qing dynasty from weak to strong and from prosperity to decline, the architectural activities of Qing Dongling also experienced the same development process. 16 1 year (18th year of Shunzhi), the first emperor the emperor shunzhi's Xiaoling Mausoleum began to be built, and 1664 (3rd year of Kangxi) completed the main project. 1668 (the seventh year of Kangxi), Shengde Pavilion was built. The scale of the mausoleum is very grand and the system is quite complete, which has become the cornerstone of the overall pattern of the Qing Dongling Mausoleum. 1674 (13th year of Kangxi), Emperor Kangxi's first empress, Empress Xiao Chengren, died and began to build Jingling. 1676 (15th year of Kangxi) broke ground. 168 1 year (20th year of Kangxi), when Empress Cheng Xiao and Xiao Zhao were buried, the Long 'en Temple in Jingling was still under construction (the completion time was to be determined). At the same time, the Princess Garden of Jingling, where Emperor Kangxi Ji Bin was buried, was also completed, becoming the first princess garden built in Shanhaiguan in the Qing Dynasty. 1688 (twenty-seventh year of Kangxi), Emperor Kangxi built a temporary security hall outside the Feng Shui wall and east of Dahongmen in accordance with his grandmother's wishes. Thirty-seven years later, that is, 1725 (the third year of Yongzheng), Yong Zhengdi decided to rebuild the temporary Anfeng Hall into the Zhaoxiling Mausoleum, which was started on the third day of the second lunar month and completed by the end of the year. Shortly after the temporary Anfeng Hall of Xiaozhuangwen Queen was completed, Emperor Kangxi built a mausoleum for Queen Zhang Xiaohui on the east side of Xiaoling Mausoleum, which was completed in about 1693 (exact date to be determined). This is the first mausoleum built in the Qing Dynasty, setting a precedent for the Qing Dynasty to build a mausoleum for the empress alone. Because it is located in the east of Xiaoling, it is the same system as Xiaoling, so it is named "Xiaoling". In the early years of Yongzheng, Yong Zhengdi identified his eternal happiness as Zunhua Jiu Feng chao yang shan, and shipped a lot of building materials. 1729 (the seventh year of Yongzheng), Yong Zhengdi abandoned it on the pretext that "the scale is large, but the shape is incomplete, and the cave is covered with sand and gravel", which was later built at the foot of Taining Mountain in Yixian County, Hebei Province. From then on, there was a distinction between Dongling and Xiling. Shortly after Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, in order to repay the kindness of his grandmother, Emperor Kangxi, and the kindness of his two concubines, I specially built a garden bed for them in the east of Jingling (the commencement and completion date is to be determined), which is called Jingling Guifei Garden Bed, commonly known as Shuangfeiling. 1742 (the seventh year of Qianlong), Emperor Qianlong determined the holy water valley of Dongling as his eternal place. Ground was broken in February of the following year, and it was completed in 1752 (the 17th year of Qianlong). 1799 (the 4th year of Jiaqing) was named "Yuling". The mausoleum hall is spacious, magnificent in architecture, exquisite in workmanship, exquisite in materials and magnificent in momentum, which is a fine product.

1747 (the 12th year of Qianlong) broke ground in Princess Yuling Garden, and 1752 (the 17th year of Qianlong) was completed. 1755 ——1762 (20-27 years of Qianlong) was expanded, adding Fangcheng, Minglou, Baocheng and East-West Attachments. In order to balance the relationship between Dongling and Xiling, 1796 (the first year of Jiaqing), Tai Lihong ordered the tombs to be built in the order of Zhao Mu. After Daoguang ascended the throne, according to this imperial edict, the mausoleum was built in Baohuayu, Dongling, on 182 1 (the first year of Daoguang), and was completed on 1827 (the seventh year of Daoguang). Its Princess Garden and Princess Garden have also been completed. In the second year after the completion of Baohua Yuling, Daoguang was furious. He not only severely punished the minister who built the mausoleum, but also ignored Zhao's and Mu's letters to build things separately and set the mausoleum site in Xiling. Then the completed Baohua Yuling and Guifei Gardens in Dongling were abolished and transported to Xiling for reconstruction, leaving a ruin in the Dongling boundary. After Emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne, he ordered his ministers to visit the tombs of the East and West Tombs, and finally settled in the Ping 'an Valley of Dongling. 1859 (the ninth year of Xianfeng) broke ground. Because of the outbreak of the Second Opium War, tomb workers were blocked. 186 1 year (the eleventh year of Xianfeng), after the death of Emperor Xianfeng in chengde mountain resort, the work of the mausoleum was forced to step up. It was not until 1866 (five years of Tongzhi) that it was finally completed and named "Dingling". Later, the imperial concubine's garden bed also came to an end When Dingling was built, the national treasury was very empty because of the compensation for defeat, so we had to choose a large number of old materials abandoned by Daoguang Emperor of Baohua Hall, and the construction quality was not as good as before. 1873 (the 12th year of Tongzhi), the tombs of Empress Dowager Ci 'an and Empress Ding Dong broke ground in Puxiang Valley and Putuo Valley in Erli east of Dingling, and were completed in 1879 (the 5th year of Guangxu). However, 16 years later, Empress Dowager Cixi took advantage of the opportunity to monopolize the throne and ordered the restoration of her mausoleum under the pretext of "disrepair". /kloc-started in 0/895 (the 21st year of Guangxu) and was completed in 0/908 (the 34th year of Guangxu), which lasted 13 years. The rebuilt Cixi Mausoleum is inferior to the adjacent Cian Mausoleum because of its exquisite materials, exquisite workmanship, luxurious decoration and exquisite architecture. Because these two mausoleums are located in the east of Dingling and belong to Dingling, they are collectively called "Ding Dong Mausoleum". Cian's mausoleum is called Puxiangyu Ding Dong Mausoleum; The mausoleum of Empress Dowager Cixi is called Ding Dong Mausoleum in Putuo Valley. Emperor Tongzhi did not choose a mausoleum site before his death, and only after his death did he make a hasty assessment. The mausoleum is located in the double valleys within the Dongling boundary, and Dingling is named "Hui Ling". 1875 (the first year of Guangxu) was started and 1878 (the fourth year of Guangxu) was completed. The Forbidden City, located in the west of Hui Ling, was also built in 1876- 1878 (Guangxu two to four years). Due to the difficult national strength, inferior building materials and hasty construction, it only took 2 1 year to 1.899 (the 25th year of Guangxu), but it was found that most of the large wooden components of the Long 'en Hall were damaged and decayed, which needed to be demolished and rebuilt. The renovation project started in that year (1899). Due to Eight-Nation Alliance's occupation of Beijing, the project was once stranded until 1906 (the thirty-second year of Guangxu), which lasted for eight years. The continuous large-scale construction of imperial tombs has not only greatly consumed the state treasury, but also increased the burden on the people. In particular, the frequent prosperity of large-scale projects during Guangxu period made the already fragile economy worse, thus accelerating the collapse of the Qing Dynasty.