When many old houses are renovated, they need to do circuit transformation. The irresponsible construction team randomly slotted and wired the wall, completely ignoring the circuit design specifications in the house. It is understood that on March 15 this year, when the Science and Technology Popularization Department of China Association for Science and Technology, the Housing Industrialization Promotion Center of the Ministry of Construction and the International Copper Association jointly consulted, consumers were told that the power load design should be more than 6 kW, the branch circuit should be more than 8 times, the fixed sockets should be no less than 25 groups, the front section of the electric meter should be no less than 10m_, and the branch section should be no less than 2.5m_, and high-power appliances such as air conditioners are the best. For decoration, how to design branch circuits, fix sockets and select wires should be well designed and standardized.
Everyone knows the importance of concealed engineering, but many people don't know what to pay attention to in this link. The acceptance of concealed works shall be carried out before the construction of the next procedure. In principle, the contractor shall notify Party A of the specific date three days in advance. The following is a brief introduction to different engineering projects.
■ Acceptance of waterproof works:
Step 1, inspectors start the water retaining wall with a height of 15cm at the door of the inspected room;
Step 2, we put water with a depth of 10 cm in the room and mark the height of the water surface;
Step 3: after 24 hours, the inspector will observe whether the water level has changed, and at the same time check whether there is water seepage in the ceiling of the same room downstairs;
Step 4, if the above phenomenon does not appear, the inspector can consider that the waterproof project is qualified; On the other hand, if the above phenomenon is found through inspection, it can be considered that the waterproof project is unqualified. If the acceptance is unqualified, the waterproof project must be redone as a whole and re-accepted; For the acceptance of waterproof construction of light wall, the water spraying test should be adopted, that is, the waterproof coating should be sprayed on the wall from top to bottom for 3 minutes, and after 4 hours, it is observed whether there will be water seepage on the other side of the wall. If there is no leakage, it can be considered that the waterproof construction of the wall is qualified.
Tip: The first step on the ground is what we often call a closed water test. Because light wall is easy to leak water, and this part is easy to be missed in routine inspection, it must also be waterproof.
■ Acceptance of power distribution project:
The acceptance of waterproof works is to prevent water leakage, and the acceptance of power distribution is to ensure smooth lines, no short circuit and no open circuit. The acceptance personnel shall check the following items in turn:
1, whether the materials used meet the design requirements;
2. Whether the catheter is fixed;
3, water pipe connection is firm;
4, whether there is a joint wire, joint is firm;
5. Is there a connector for TV cable? If there is a connector, it must be replaced, or a splitter is used at the connector;
6. Is there a connector on the telephone line? If there is a connector, it must be replaced;
7, cassette installation is square, whether in the required height;
1/8
8. Whether the construction team has marked the part where the pipeline is laid;
9. Whether the position of the card holder is reasonable, whether the direction of the conduit is reasonable, and whether the position of the wire connector is reasonable.
■ Installation and acceptance of wooden floor keel
1, check whether the specifications of wooden keel meet the design requirements (generally it is best not to be less than 2 cm× 3 cm);
2, check whether the spacing of wooden keel meets the requirements of wooden floor installation;
3. Check whether the wooden keel is loose;
4, check whether the plane on the wooden keel is flat;
5. Check whether the gap between the wooden keel and the ground is padded with wooden wedges instead of wooden blocks;
6, check whether the nail length used to fix the wooden keel can meet the requirements of long-term use, there will be no looseness;
7. Check whether the high-grade installation meets the design requirements;
8, check whether there is a telescopic gap between wooden keel and wall joint (avoid deformation due to damp be affected with damp).
■ Accept putty scraping on the wall and ceiling.
1, check whether the surface of the putty is dry (if the putty is not dry, it is easy to crack when painted);
2, check whether there are cracks on the surface of putty (cracks must be handled in time);
3, check whether the putty surface is flat;
4, check whether the surface of putty is smooth;
5, check whether the handover between metope and metope, metope and smallpox is straight;
6. Check whether there is an unclear boundary between the wall and the wood products (if workers hang putty on the wood products, it will affect the appearance quality of the wood products).
Tip: If there is a problem in the construction quality of wall putty, it will affect the construction of paint and the future use of consumers.
■ Acceptance of water supply and drainage construction
1. Check whether the water pipes and fittings meet the requirements of customers, and try to use good quality water pipes and fittings;
2, check whether the direction of the water pipe is reasonable, whether there are too many corners, too many joints;
3. Check whether the hose has dead bend and the connection distance is greater than 1m (the hose connection distance should be as short as possible);
4. Check whether all joints are leaking (visually or with soft white paper);
5. Check whether the hose is equipped with a cut-off door (to prevent the hose from being replaced after it breaks);
6, water inspection is to take the method of drainage.
Provisions of Concealed Works in Code for Construction of Residential Decoration Engineering
-
2/8
Sanitary ware and pipeline installation project
This chapter is applicable to the installation of sanitary appliances such as washing and cleaning in kitchens and bathrooms, as well as the pipeline construction of water supply pipes and indoor drainage pipes behind domestic water inlet valves.
1, sanitary ware, various valves, etc. Water-saving appliances should be actively adopted.
2, all kinds of sanitary equipment and pipeline installation should comply with the design requirements and the relevant provisions of the current national standards.
3, sanitary ware varieties, specifications, colors and drainage pipes, accessories should comply with the design requirements and should have the product certificate.
4, all kinds of sanitary equipment and the ground or wall connection application metal fasteners installed firmly.
5. After the installation and acceptance of sanitary ware, appropriate finished product protection measures should be taken.
6, pipe laying should be horizontal flat vertical, pipe clamp position and pipe slope should comply with the specification requirements. All kinds of valves should be installed in correct and upright positions for easy use and maintenance.
7. Pipes buried in the wall and ground shall be treated with anti-corrosion and protected by cement mortar, and their thickness shall meet the following requirements: cold water pipes buried in the wall shall not be less than 10 mm, hot water pipes shall not be less than 15mm, and buried pipes shall not be less than10 mm. Pipes buried in the wall, ground or concealed shall be accepted as concealed works.
8. The installation of hot and cold water pipes should be hot on the left and cold on the right, and the parallel spacing should not be less than 200mm ... When the hot and cold water supply system adopts a water separator, semi-flexible pipes should be used for connection.
9. The installation of all kinds of new pipes shall be carried out according to the product instructions provided by the manufacturer.
Electrical installation engineering
This chapter applies to indoor circuit wiring and installation of electrical appliances and lamps.
1, electrical installation construction personnel should hold relevant certificates.
2, distribution box table should be according to the different power of indoor electrical equipment wiring power supply; High-power household appliances should be wired independently and installed with sockets.
3, circuit piping, line construction and electrical appliances, lamps and lanterns installation in addition to abide by these provisions, it should comply with the provisions of the current national standards.
4. When the project is completed, the electrical engineering completion drawing shall be provided to the owner.
5, electrical appliances, electrical materials packaging should be intact, material appearance should not be damaged, accessories, spare parts should be complete.
3/8
6, plastic wire protection tube and junction box must be flame retardant products, appearance should not be damaged and deformed.
7, metal wire protection tube and junction box appearance should not be straight and crack, tube should be no burr, nozzle should be smooth.
8. Junction boxes and junction boxes used in communication systems and switches and sockets in power distribution systems should belong to the same series.
9, dark wiring must be piping. When the pipeline length exceeds 15m or there are two right-angle bends, cable boxes should be added.
10, the wires of the same circuit should be inserted into the same pipe, but the total number of wires in the pipe should not exceed 8, and the total cross-sectional area of wires (including insulating sheath) should not exceed 40% of the cross-sectional area of the pipe.
1 1, the power cord and the communication cord must not be plugged into the same tube.
12, the connector of the wire passing through the pipeline should be located in the junction box, the connector should be firmly connected, and the insulating tape should be evenly wound.
13. When the weight of the chandelier is 3kg or more, the rear built-in parts should be installed on the roof first, and then the lamps should be fixed on the rear built-in parts. It is forbidden to install on wooden wedges and bricks.
Violation of the "hidden project" big exposure
base load
Phenomenon: Many owners don't know the manufacturing process of door covers, so builders use the simplest method.
Supervision note: the production of wood products should meet the building standards. Such a distance can be imagined by fixing the door cover with small pieces of wood.
Random wood can also make up the number
Phenomenon: disorderly support, disorderly fixation.
Supervisor's explanation: the filling material of the gap between wooden doors and windows and the wall should meet the design requirements and be full.
Forgotten corner
4/8
Phenomenon: the interior of the ceiling is untreated.
The supervisor explained that the interior of the ceiling should be treated first, then putty should be scraped and paint should be painted first, and there should be no omissions.
Whoever checks the water meter must be in trouble.
Phenomenon: the inspection port is not standardized.
The supervisor explained that the inspection port was too small to be convenient for others to repair the water meter or change the valve in the future.
"Bomb" on the wall
Phenomenon: The wiring layout of many construction sites is directly buried in the wall, but the owners who don't understand it feel "ok".
The supervisor explained: this is very unsafe and easy to cause accidents. The laying of wires must be covered with external protective covers to ensure the replacement and maintenance of wires in the future. According to the Code for Electrical Appliance Construction, the arrangement and installation of power lines should use sheathed tubes.
No one guessed that the spring was leaking out.
Phenomenon: the construction workers blindly construct, and the thread ends are exposed after peeling.
Supervisor's explanation: When the circuit is reformed, it is forbidden to have exposed wire ends, and protective measures must be taken for the peeled wire ends to prevent unsafe accidents such as fire.
Have a clear understanding of my "core"
Phenomenon: circuit connectors should not be exposed, but should be packed in boxes, and no intermediate connection is allowed.
Supervisor explained: There are no connectors between junction boxes. I believe this has happened in your home decoration.
Concealed engineering acceptance
Acceptance of concealed works includes waterway, circuit, waterproofing, balcony padding, ceiling, warranty, etc. With the participation of customers, project supervisors and construction leaders, the construction can only continue after acceptance and signature.
Concealed engineering in home decoration refers to pipeline engineering and structural engineering hidden inside the decorative surface. Pipeline engineering includes electrical wiring, water supply and drainage, gas pipeline, air conditioning system, etc. Structural engineering refers to the internal structure used to fix and support the load of the house.
It is worth noting that at present, the quality problems of concealed works are widespread, and many hidden dangers are left because of inconvenient maintenance. Therefore, it is necessary to understand its structure and materials. The concealed work of family decoration mainly includes six aspects:
(1) water supply and drainage works. Because galvanized pipes are easy to rust, scale, and freeze crack without heat preservation, they will be eliminated. At present, the most widely used are aluminum-plastic composite pipes, plastic steel pipes and PPR pipes. These pipes have good plasticity and toughness, and do not crack and scale when they are kept warm. They use special copper joints or thermoplastic joints to ensure quality and consume less energy.
(2) Electrical pipeline engineering. General power cord is divided into hard wire, soft wire, sheath line, etc. According to the thickness of copper core, it is divided into 1mm2 wires.
1.5mm2 line, 2.5mm2 line. For safety and maintenance convenience, the power cord should be sheathed. In addition, audio lines and signal lines are also commonly used. Sockets are divided into 10A, 15A, ..., and there are many brands and many fakes. Inferior sockets are easy to cause accidents, so it is recommended to buy them in regular electrical stores. Electrical wiring engineering requires construction specifications, and workers should hold relevant certificates to ensure safety and eliminate hidden dangers.
(3) Floor base. There are two methods for solid wood floor base: one is to brush cold primer on cement floor, lay wooden keel, and finally nail the floor; Another method is to lay a layer of joinery board or rough floor on the keel first, and then nail the floor. Through this method, the floor is evenly stressed and the structure is firm. The composite floor is easy to install, and there are two ways to do it at the grass-roots level: one is to make a leveling layer first, then lay a PVC cushion, and then lay the composite floor; On the other hand, on the cement leveling layer, wooden keel and rough floor are laid, and two layers of composite floor are laid.
(4) Retaining wall base is flat and concave-convex. Practice is to brush a layer of cold priming oil on the wall first, then install 30mm*40mm wooden keel, on this basis, nail multilayer board or joinery board, and finally nail veneer plywood. In order to prevent mildew, a series of courage holes with a diameter of 6mm were opened in the upper part of the wallboard.
(5) Doors and windows cover base. First arrange the keel, then nail the joinery board or density board, and nail the wood line with a veneer splint on the surface. Please note that MDF is expected to be soaked in water to avoid future expansion.
(6) Ceiling base. Ceiling materials include gypsum board, grey board, plywood, aluminum alloy gusset plate, plastic gusset plate, frosted glass, stained glass, etc. Keels are divided into wooden keels and light steel keels. The phenomenon of cracks in the ceiling often occurs, such as filling the joints with elastic putty and sticking nylon belts, which can improve this situation.
After the concealed work is completed, it needs to be checked and accepted to ensure that there are no hidden dangers, and the subsequent construction can only be carried out after it is qualified. Otherwise, if problems are found in the future and need to be reworked, it will not only affect the quality, but also delay the construction period. Both the owner and the contractor will suffer losses.
6/8
1. Wooden keel
Wooden keel should be used to make heating cabinets, suspended ceilings and empty solid wood floors. The key to the use of wooden keel is not to use inferior wood. In addition, in order to meet the needs of fire prevention, wooden keel should be painted with 1~2 times of fire retardant coating, which is often ignored in general "home decoration" to save money or trouble. A bucket of fire retardant paint is not expensive, so why save a little money and get into big trouble? Individual construction teams often pretend to use other materials as fire retardant coatings, and it is best to supervise their construction after purchasing them themselves.
The ground is waterproof.
If the original ground is destroyed in the construction, it is likely to destroy the original waterproof layer. "The flood is difficult to treat" will bring inconvenience and loss to yourself and others, and it will be extremely distressing at that time. It is necessary to pay attention to the waterproof of the ground, and it is also easy to be ignored. At present, the commonly used waterproof materials are: polyurethane coating; Water does not leak; Block the spirit; After waterproof treatment, it is stipulated to carry out water storage experiments to see if there is water leakage within 24 hours. Trivial is a bit cumbersome, but once a day after laying decorative materials, it was found that there was water leakage, and then it was destroyed and redone. Isn't it more cumbersome and wasteful? It's best to do it once and for all.
★3. Do not close the pipeline.
Many families like to completely close the exposed pipes in the room and fix them firmly, such as making columns and fixing heating covers. This is very harmful. There is no other advantage except that it looks neat. Heating pipes have a certain service life and definitely need to be repaired and replaced. Unfortunately, the fixed decoration will be demolished then. If you don't tear it down, it will affect the maintenance, make the house full of water, and you will lose yourself.
★ 4. The whole or part of the ceiling collapses, causing the ceiling to "fall off".
Mainly because the ceiling and floor, keel and decorative board are not well combined, or the load is too large. According to the regulations, the ceiling keel shall not be distorted. The installed keel shall be firm and reliable, with the horizontal deviation around less than 5 mm No chandelier or ceiling fan weighing more than 3 kg shall be hung on the ceiling keel, but hooks shall be set separately. If the ceiling is decorated with gypsum board, its thickness should be about 9 mm
★ 5. The balcony package is not firmly fixed, resulting in collapse.
Because there is no "foothold" of packaging materials reserved on the balcony in the current housing design, it is difficult to package the balcony. Balcony packaging, doors and windows must be horizontal and vertical, the height is consistent, the appearance of no deformation, welding, fracture, the gap between the frame and the wall should be full and dense.
★ 6. Roof damage caused by pipeline leakage
In the family room, besides the water pipes in the kitchen and bathroom, the heating pipes in each room are actually more prone to problems. Because the pipeline installation is not easy to check, after the completion of all pipeline construction, water injection pressure test should be carried out until it runs, leaks, drips and leaks.
★ 7. Hidden dangers of buried lines
Now many bedrooms use buried wires, so it is not easy for householders to check the construction quality. According to the regulations, buried lines cannot be directly buried in the plastering layer, but should be set outside the wires. The wires in the sleeve shall not be twisted or jointed. Besides,
7/8
When installing the wiring, the provisions of "live wire into the switch, zero wire into the lamp holder, left zero and right fire, grounding above" must be strictly observed. After the completion of the construction, in addition to
In addition to the power-on inspection, the construction team will also provide detailed circuit configuration drawings to the residents.
★8. Before painting, the grass-roots level is not cleaned, which leads to peeling and peeling of paint.
Before painting the wall, all the original wall skins must be removed, and no oil stains can be left. The putty painted on the wall surface should be closely and firmly combined with the wall surface, without peeling, pulverization and cracking.