There are differences and differences between orthogonal and inverse intersection.

In biological experiments, there are selfing, orthogonality and backcrossing, and their meanings are as follows: selfing: hermaphroditic plants fertilize themselves.

Hybridization: The mating of two different plants or animals with the same chromosome number.

Test cross: the cross between individuals whose genes are recessive homozygotes and F 1. Test crossing is a form of testing whether the inference of gene composition is correct. But under the requirement of clear purpose, there is a recessive homozygote hybridization, so the significance of the test is different. In the case of two-factor hybridization, whether the two groups of genes are linked or independent can be estimated, but for further verification, a test cross is needed.

Orthogonality: People are used to crossing foreign breeds (such as Yorkshire pigs) with local breeds (such as Jinhua pigs), which is called orthogonality.

Backcross: The cross between local boars and foreign sows is called backcross.

The results of orthogonal and backcross are often different. Generally, hybrid offspring tend to be maternal in some traits, which is caused by maternal effect.