Li Zhi and Tang Gaozong were the third emperors of the Tang Dynasty, the ninth son of Emperor Taizong and the third son of his eldest grandson. When I was a child, Li Zhi was loved by his father. At the age of three, he was named king of Jin, governor of Bingzhou at the age of five, and worshipped general You Wuhou at the age of nine. Later, with the help of an important official and uncle Sun Chang Wuji in the early Tang Dynasty, he was elected as the prince.
In 649, Li Shimin died, and 22-year-old Li Zhi proclaimed himself emperor, with the temple name Gaozong. Li Zhi, who had been enthroned, was resourceful and heroic. He often told courtiers that he would be a hero emperor. He said so and did the same. Diligent in politics and good at employing people, but this situation lasted less than ten years, and Li Zhi could not continue. The reason is that I have a wind disease, and once I have an attack, my headache is unbearable. Coupled with alcoholism, the body gradually collapsed. Later, deaf and deaf, I willingly lay in bed and faced the world with paralyzed eyes.
His incompetence gave Wu Zetian a chance. He asked Wu Zetian to give instructions on the throne presented by ministers one by one. Wu Tian seems to be born with a gift for rational politics and handles everything well.
Wu Zetian, named Sun Moon Sky, was born in Shanxi today. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, she was called into the palace by Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, and was named "Mei Niang". When Li Shimin was alive, many Taoist priests told Li Shimin that there would be "martial arts" to replace the Tang Dynasty in the future. Li Shimin moved her to Ganye Temple before she died. But she was born with a mission. As early as when Li Shimin was alive, she flirted with Prince Li Zhi and eventually developed into a lover relationship. After Li Zhi acceded to the throne, he missed this lover so much that he took her out of Kanye Temple as a "Zhao Yi" whose status was second only to that of the Queen and the Fourth Princess.
Six years later (655), Li Zhi seemed to eat the weight and helped Wu Zetian ascend to the throne like an iron core. At that time, Sun Chang, the elder brother of the queen's court, was crazy against it, but it didn't have any effect.
After 660 years, Li Zhi was paralyzed in bed, and the power of the Tang Dynasty gradually fell into the hands of Wu Zetian, who was called "the second saint" by ministers. In February 65438+683, 56-year-old Li Zhi died in Luoyang, Henan Province, and was buried in Ganling in August the following year.
After the death of Li Zhi, under the behind-the-scenes operation of Wu Zetian, Li Xian succeeded to the throne, and the temple name was Zhongzong. Wu Zetian was honored as the empress dowager and called the imperial court. In 684, Li Xian was abolished as king of Luling, and Li Dan was made emperor, with the temple name of Zong Rui. The trick of abolishing the emperor and restoring the emperor eventually led to the rebellion in Xu Jingye. Unfortunately, Xu Jingye met a powerful opponent at the wrong time and place, and soon failed. In 690, Wu Zetian saw that Li's descendants were too muddy to support the wall, reduced Li Dan to heir, proclaimed himself emperor, and changed the title of Zhou. Thus, she became the only female emperor in the history of China. This great queen reigned for 2 1 year, helping Li Zhi to be in power independently for more than half a century. For her achievements, the history books did not deny her with the tradition of "hens crowing". On the contrary, she was highly praised for "usurping the throne from top to bottom and ruling from bottom to top".
She was also buried in Ganling after her death. So, what is the real history of the site selection and construction of Ganling? Who made this dry mausoleum full of curiosity about the world? How is it similar to the legend?
Ganling is the beginning.
There is an obvious mistake in the folklore about Ganling. The reason why Gan Ling is called Gan Ling comes from posthumous title after Li Zhi's death, which was decided by Wu Zetian. After Li Zhi's death, posthumous title became Emperor Gaozong, Great Sage and Great Filial Piety. Therefore, the word "dry" in Gan Ling takes the meaning of "heaven" in posthumous title; In the Book of Changes, the dry divination is the "heaven" divination, each with a dragon as its image.
Li Zhi said in Luoyang Palace before he died: "If God can give me another month or two, I will go back to Chang 'an and die in Chang 'an, and I have no regrets in this life." He died after saying this sentence every night.
One month after her death, Wu Zetian followed her wishes and personally selected the treasure land of Liangshan as Li Zhi's tomb. As for why she chose to be there, instead of the east and bottom of Zhaoling in Li Shimin according to the funeral tradition, it is still a mystery.
There is a saying that Wu Zetian usurped the world in Li Tang, so she was afraid or ashamed to follow the tradition to cater to Zhaoling in Li Shimin. There is also a saying that Wu Zetian wants to "mold" a Long Mai again, and bless the descendants of Wu to inherit the throne of the Zhou Dynasty. The last argument is that the land of Liangshan is indeed a treasure trove of geomantic omen, and it is not too far from Zhaoling in Li Shimin. It is Li Zhi's last wish to return to Chang 'an.
After Wu Zetian chose the mausoleum site, she asked Wei, the then official department minister, to be in charge of the project. In order to speed up the pace of construction, Wei Daiyu spent more than 200,000 laborers, working day and night, and spent nearly a year to complete the main projects on the ground and underground.
In May 684, Wu Zetian ordered Emperor Li Dan to escort Li's coffin back to Chang 'an. In August of that year, he was buried in Ganling, which was driven out by the Wei family, and the underground palace was sealed by molten iron.
Ganling is the beginning, but this is not the Ganling we see today. Later, Wu Zetian spent a lot of manpower and material resources, which took more than 30 years to build. Later, Li Congke, the emperor of the later Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, rebuilt the ground building.
So, why did Wu Zetian bury Li Zhi back to Chang 'an? The reason given by Wu Zetian at that time was that it was the will of the emperor. As a descendant of Li, of course I have to trace back to his ancestors Tang Gaozu and Li Shimin. This reason is still very good, but it will be doubted in Wu Zetian's mouth.
Many people think that she has skeletons in her closet, because Chen Ziang, a poet who works in the imperial court and is deeply loved by Wu Zetian, suggested that Li Zhi be buried in the eastern capital. His reason is that going to Chang 'an to build a mausoleum will waste people and money, which is definitely not what Emperor Li Zhi wanted. Because Li Zhi also said in his will that all funerals should be frugal after death. In addition, the son of heaven takes the four seas as his home. Shun was buried in Cangwu after his death and Yu was buried in Huiji after his death. Ancient sages and sages did everything they could. Why do we have to choose land?
But Wu Zetian didn't listen to him and must go to Liangshan. Her words are the imperial edict. Even if someone objects, as long as she insists, it will become a reality.
Chen Ziang's opposition certainly has its reasons, but Wu Zetian's insistence also has her reasons. Li Zhi has been paralyzed in bed for many years. Over the years, she has been entrusted with the affairs of state. She will never be able to repay this kindness. Husband Li Zhi's last wish, no matter what, she will satisfy him.
There is no mention in the official history of Yuan Tiangang and Li looking for a treasure trove of geomantic omen, and there is no information that Wu Zetian sent Taoist priests or astrologers to look for a treasure trove. Of course, this does not mean that Wu Zetian found a place and buried Li Zhi regardless of Feng Shui.
Ganling's address was chosen by her personally, apparently on the west side of Zhaoling in Li Shimin. According to the feng shui at that time, the "feng shui order" was seriously disordered, which was probably the real purpose of Wu Zetian. At this time, she probably had the ambition to usurp Li Tianxia. As for the so-called Liangshan, it is only far-fetched by future generations. In such a short time, how is it possible to find a so-called treasure house of geomantic omen for future generations? !
Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty destroyed Long Mai?
In the first month of 705 A.D., Zhang Jian, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, staged a coup when Wu Zetian was seriously ill. For the sake of Zhongzong, Li Xian, which was abolished by Wu Zetian, was established. In 165438+ 10, a generation of empress Wu Zetian finally died in Luoyang at the age of 82. No one knows what the queen thought before she died, and she wrote a strange will-Ruodian and Guiling, which ordered the emperor to be called Tianda (Shun) Saint Queen.
Ministers in the Tang Dynasty all wanted her to be the emperor and be called the queen, but the item of "returning to the mausoleum" caused controversy. The so-called "back to the grave" is to put her own body in Tang Gaozong's dry grave.
By this year, Li Zhi has been buried for 23 years. If you want to put Wu Zetian in, you must restart the underground palace of Ganling. However, this is impossible. According to the funeral regulations of the feudal emperor, "the venerable one is buried first, and the humble one is buried after the venerable one", the queen dies first, and the emperor can open the underground palace for burial; However, if the emperor dies first, the underground palace will be closed and no one can open it in the queen. In this case, the queen can only choose another place near the tomb.
In Wu Zetian's will, there is one thing: the Great Sage Queen. Then, the identity of her body meets the funeral regulations. As a "humble" queen, it is absolutely impossible to put it in Ganling again. When Li Xian told the ministers about his mother's wishes, he was immediately strongly opposed by the ministers.
Minister Yanshan Temple said excitedly: "It is a historical law that the honorable person is buried first, and the humble person is not buried after moving the honorable person." Then the heavenly queen is not as good as the emperor. If we open the mausoleum today and bury it together, we will feel humbled and respected, and we will be afraid of shocking Long Mai. "
Li Xian showed his earth-shattering filial piety at this time. He said, how can I not obey my mother's wishes? Failure to obey is unfilial, and it is a gross violation of the Tao.
Seeing that the emperor was so stubborn, Yan Shansi turned the question to the possibility of opening Ganling. He said: "I heard that the Xuanque in Ganling was blocked by stones. The gaps between the stones are filled with iron juice. If the tomb is opened now, it must have been cut out. It's hard to say whether it will succeed. Why bother? It's better to choose a treasure land next to Ganling and open a mausoleum, which is not only a burial device, but also a solid cause. If you know Shinto, you will know the secret way. If there is ignorance, what good is it? "
But Li Xian, who has always been famous for her generosity and kindness, wouldn't listen to these words, and insisted on opening Ganling and putting her mother in. In the case of invalid opposition, the minister of the DPRK had to let it do anything.
Ministers think that the emperor is fooling around, because according to the rules of Feng Shui and the emperor's mausoleum, this kind of thing is absolutely impossible. If it happens, it will destroy Long Mai. According to geomantic omen, once the emperor's mausoleum is opened, the dragon spirits stored in it will swim away. The descendants of this emperor will certainly be affected. This is also the main reason why the new dynasty excavated the tombs of the former emperors under various excuses when changing dynasties.
But Li Xian didn't believe it. In May 706, after reopening for more than a month, Wu Zetian's body was placed in Ganling. After the coffin was put away, all the tombs were sealed with rectangular stone strips, which sealed 39 floors, 4 100 pieces. The length of the stone bar is 1.25m, and the width is 0.4-0.6m The left and right sides of the stone bar are fastened with iron waist bolt plates. The upper and lower parts are connected by iron bars and cannot be moved. Then sprinkle a small amount of stone powder between the gaps of the stone strips to melt the tin-iron slurry and pour it in, so that it will become a whole with the stone strips after gasification. Finally, the lime soil is rammed on it, so that 4 100 stone strips are connected into a whole, and its firmness can be imagined. Between the pyramid-shaped mound and the corridor, there is a white marble gate weighing100t, behind which are all kinds of deadly kit kat organs and hidden weapons.
This design laid the groundwork for future grave robbers to do nothing. Li Xian realized Wu Zetian's wish, but he didn't believe it would drive away the dragon god. But it doesn't matter whether he believes it or not. What's important is that since Wu Zetian returned to the tomb, the problems in the Tang Dynasty have really emerged one after another. After the reign of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, although there was a "golden age", the national luck of the Tang Dynasty has since laid a curse, and the dragon soul of the Tang Dynasty seems to have really run away. No matter how hard Li's descendants tried, the fate of the dynasty collapsed.
But this decline is man-made, not the loss of dragon spirit. In any case, Gan Ling was buried by Wu Zetian, and finally took shape after more than ten years' dismal operation by Emperor Li Xian of Zhongzong.
A female emperor who disturbed Long Mai in the Tang Dynasty was buried here, and Ganling was the imperial tomb built in the prosperous time of the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, no one knows how many gold and silver treasures there are. Just because I don't know, I really want to know that Gan Ling's fate has also begun to suffer.
What will be waiting for this mysterious dry tomb?
Ganling: the tomb that can't be stolen
Ganling is a mausoleum built on a mountain. This method of "building a tomb by the mountain" is to choose a natural towering mountain peak, cast a city around the mountain, and then dig a tomb and tomb from the middle of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain, which is built with stone and covered with slate, which is strong and abnormal. Seen from a distance, Ganling is a towering green hill.
That is to say, without knowing the entrance of Ganling, if you want to open Ganling, you have to move the whole mountain. Of course, this is an impossible thing, but people in history often have perseverance and ambition. According to historical records, in the past 1300 years, there were 17 large-scale looting of Ganling, and the largest one was three times. However, all these excavations ended in failure.
The first person to go to Ganling was Huang Chao, the leader of the late Tang Rebel Army. After he captured Chang 'an, there was nothing he could do. Someone told him that a lot of gravel was buried under the loess in the west of Liangshan. The news suggests that Huang Chao, the richest entrance of Ganling in Tang tombs, is likely to be on the west side of Liangshan, and gravel is likely to be the remaining raw materials after Ganling is built. Huang Chao exultation, immediately bring up ten thousand soldiers, ran to the west side of Liangshan began to dig. These people are farmers and are very skilled in using shovels. Soon, most of the ridge was leveled, leaving a 40-meter-deep "Huang Chao ditch". However, Ganling seems to have no entrance at all. Later, the troops of the Tang Dynasty rallied to launch a counterattack against Chang 'an, but Huang Chao was unwilling to flee empty-handed. Huang Chao, who claims to be a scholar, is so stupid that he simply knows that Ganling faces south. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty deliberately buried the gravel produced by the construction in a place more than 300 meters away from the tomb door. In other words, he dug in the wrong direction and finally returned in anger.
The second person who extended an evil hand to Ganling was Wen Tao, the envoy of Yaozhou in the Five Dynasties. Before Ganling, this person had excavated 17 Tang tombs, leaving only Ganling. But his ideal was shattered here. Huang Li can be classical. He also wanted tens of thousands of troops to dig Ganling in broad daylight, only to be blown down by the wind and rain three times. The weather cleared up immediately when the troops retreated. Tao Wen really didn't understand what was going on, but he didn't keep digging, so he gave up the idea.
The third person who wanted to enter Ganling was Kuomintang Sun Lianzhong in the early years of the Republic of China. General Sun led a group of people to blast the third floor of the tomb with black powder and erect stone bars. When he was about to enter, a thick smoke suddenly appeared, spiraling up and turning into a tornado. Suddenly, the sky was dark and rocks were flying about. The first seven soldiers in Shanxi province immediately vomited blood and died. Where the others dared to go any further, they ran out with a shout. It is said that there are few survivors in one regiment of General Sun. The local people said, "Because Wu Zetian is from Shanxi, he hates people from his hometown to dig her grave, so the soldiers in Qixin will die."
Even if people who mastered the army like Huang Chao, Wen Tao and Sun Lianzhong dug Ganling, they either met immortals or dug in the wrong direction, and the results of those small grave robbers in groups of three and five could be imagined.
The story of Sun Lianzhong's encounter with ghosts obviously belongs to what we call superstition today. People are dead when they die. Without enmity, they won't kill people in the dark. However, it is strange that no grave robbers can always enter Ganling. In addition to its solid structure and hard to find the entrance, its design idea of "taking the mountain as the mausoleum" is also a headache for grave robbers.
At 1960, local farmers were laying stones and burning lime on the mountain, and suddenly a pyramid-shaped mound was blown up. It can be said that it was an unintentional mistake. And this explosion just blew up the reason why the grave robbers couldn't succeed. From the tomb door to the tomb door, there are 39 layers of stones, totaling more than 4 100. The slats are filled with molten tin and iron and are very strong. Even the "regular army", without the help of modern blasting, I am afraid it is difficult to open the grave.
Therefore, in China, where grave-robbing is developed, Ganling can exist completely for more than 1300 years, and it is also regarded as an "impossible tomb" by grave robbers.
Ganling: the game of digging and not digging
Ganling has not yet been opened, but from the records of the tablet of Wu Zetian's "Xu Shengji" and the excavation of Ganling's burial tomb, we can probably know the objects in Ganling. On his deathbed, Tang Gaozong asked his descendants to bury all the books, calligraphy and paintings he had collected before his death in the mausoleum. The whole dry mausoleum was one-third of the national tax revenue of the Tang Dynasty. Except for the construction cost, other expenses are probably on the treasures of the mausoleum.
According to modern scientific speculation, Ganling is composed of tomb gate, cave entrance, patio, tunnel, front, middle and rear burial chamber or ear chamber. In the middle room, there is a coffin bed to put the emperor's Zigong, that is, the coffin. The bottom of Zigong is covered with moisture-proof and anti-corrosion materials, and there is a "seven-star board" on it, on which seats and mattresses are placed, and clothes and "six jade" such as Jue, Zhang, Bi, Hu and Huang are placed next to them. The emperor was dressed in 12 suit, with a jade box on his head and a jade shell in his mouth, lying on his back on the mattress, facing the coffin lid. The inside of the cover is inlaid with yellow silk, which is painted with the sun, moon, stars, jade rabbit, dragon and crane. There is a stone bed in the back room of the underground palace, on which are clothes, swords, thousands of kinds of food and the preferences of the deceased. There is a "treasure account" in the front room, and there is a shrine in the account, surrounded by jade "treasure", "funeral book" and "funeral book". In addition, a large number of precious funerary objects are placed in the ear chambers on both sides of the cave and in front of and behind the tunnel stone gate.
Archaeologists divide the cultural relics that may be hidden in the underground palace of Ganling into six categories: metals: all kinds of etiquette utensils, daily necessities, decorations and handicrafts made of gold, silver, copper and iron; Pottery, porcelain, glass, glass and other utensils, figures and animal figurines; Various utensils and decorations made of coral, agate, bone, horn and ivory; Stone products: including stone line carvings, stone statues, stone statues of people and animals, sarcophagus, stone letters and containers; Murals and Zhu Mo inscriptions. Paper, classics, calligraphy and painting, silk and linen fabric, lacquered wood, leather and grass woven goods, etc.
Of course, all this is speculation, and so-called experts and scholars often don't believe it. Experts have discovered the largest tombs in the history of China, such as the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the Mausoleum of Gan. They can't even find the entrance to the mausoleum. How can they guess what's inside?
Just after the local farmers blew up the entrance of Ganling, the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Culture submitted the Ganling Excavation Plan to the relevant departments of the central government. Zhou Enlai, then Prime Minister of the State Council, replied: "We can't finish good things, and this can be left to future generations."
However, in 1973, Guo Moruo, a writer and archaeologist, once again proposed to excavate the dry tomb. Premier Zhou said: "The imperial tomb will not be opened for ten years." Guo Moruo is very sorry, because he guessed that there may be Wu Zetian's Hanging Arch Collection 100, Golden Wheel Collection 10, and other calligraphy and painting, especially the original Lanting Preface. But he didn't see it in his lifetime, because Ganling was not excavated.
In April 2000, Shaanxi Province, on behalf of the government, submitted a report to the relevant departments of the central government, arguing that "rescue excavation is the most effective means to protect cultural relics in Ganling".
The general idea is that antiquities such as calligraphy, painting and silk books buried underground are likely to be gradually destroyed by geological and climatic factors, and should be excavated and protected as soon as possible. However, it is still unknown whether there are these things in Ganling.
Some people must have countless treasures in it, because the area of Ganling is quite large. As early as 197 1, the American Apollo spacecraft was successfully launched, and astronaut Edning on the spacecraft reported the top secret materials and personal telex to the President. After a series of complicated technical processing, a result is obtained: east longitude10739 ′ ~1091′, north latitude 34 9 ′ ~ 35 34 ′, north-south length1/kloc-0. The United States is surprised because this location is in China. There are nine pyramid-like devices arranged in a fan shape on the cloud image processed by de-pseudo-scanning technology, which is very regular according to the American idea. A few years later, Ednin came to China. After visiting some tourist attractions, he applied to the China Municipal Government to have a look at the coordinate range of East longitude 107 39' and North latitude 34 9'. Unexpectedly, China readily agreed that this place belongs to the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Province, China. When he came here, he saw everything before he put down his smile. So this is the Weibei Plateau where Ganling is located. Among the conventional black spots detected by Americans is Ganling.
Anyway, Ganling hasn't been dug up yet. Just like grave robbers scrambled to dig many years ago, many people want to dig now. But this is just an idea, and Ganling can also be called the tomb that cannot be stolen.
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