Keywords:: Yongning Zhuang Eight Tones Research
China Library Classification Number: J04 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1672-3791(2012) 07 (a)-0247-02.
The word "eight tones" originated from ancient times and generally refers to music. By the Western Zhou Dynasty, people had divided all kinds of musical instruments into gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood and bamboo, which were called "eight tones", also known as "eight tones classification". In addition, there is an instrumental ensemble that has spread to this day and is widely popular among the people, also called "Eight Tones". Whether there is a connection between these two octaves is still inconclusive. The "eight tones" mentioned in this paper is the ensemble form of this kind of folk instrumental music.
Yongning is located in the southeast of Nanning, Guangxi. In 2005, Nanning cancelled Yongning County and established Yongning District of Nanning City. It has jurisdiction over five towns: Pumiao Town, Xinjiang Town, Nalou Town, Baiji Township and Zhonghe Township, with a total population of about 323,900, of which Zhuang nationality accounts for 94.59%. [1] Yongning Bayin is a typical representative of "Bayin" in Zhuangnan Road, Guangxi, and also a microcosm of Guangxi folk percussion. Especially after being declared as a national intangible cultural heritage, it is showing new vitality with the strong support of governments at all levels and the active promotion of folk artists.
The mystery of the historical origin of 1
The origin of Yongning Eight Tones and even Zhuang Eight Tones is still a mystery. At present, there are two common sayings in academic circles. One is to quote the record of Pingnan Music, a musical instrument of Zhou Qufei in the Southern Song Dynasty: "There are many people in Guangxi, and there are many villages in the city, with sacrifices, weddings and funerals. Although you plow, you will enjoy it. You will hear drums and flutes every day. Every year, Qiu Cheng recruits musicians to teach his children and listen to their phonology, but not enough to listen to the wild. Only Pingnan County, Zhou Xun is an ancient Duke of Zhou, with an old workshop music, which is very complete. From time to time, officials from Jiaofang have left Pingnan to teach natives to have fun together, and their voices have been heard so far. " [2] It is considered that the "sound of drums and flutes" introduced from the Han area in the Southern Song Dynasty is the origin of the eight tones of Zhuang nationality; On the other hand, according to the memories of the eight-tone artists, it is believed that the Zhuang "eight-tone" was formed in the Qing Dynasty and flourished in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. In the early years of the Republic of China, weddings, birthdays, new homes and welcoming guests were held in the countryside, and everyone invited the "eight-tone class" to play. Therefore, the Zhuang people's eight-tone class is very popular, about 19 15. In Pumiao Road, the seven-person eight-tone class of Zhuang nationality, mainly Huang Daji and others, is very famous. Regarding the view that Zhuang's Eight Tones originated in the Qing Dynasty, Professor Lu also got some theoretical support from the time reasoning of the introduction of Suona, the main musical instrument of South Road Eight Tones, into Guangxi. However, no matter what kind of statement, there is no conclusive evidence to give strong support at present, so the origin of Zhuang's "eight tones" still needs to be studied.
2 Yongning Zhuang eight-tone organization form
2. 1 band composition
In the field investigation, the author found that the earliest Yongning Bayin Band was mainly composed of men, but now it is very rich in personnel, both men, women and children. Especially in recent years, the women's eight-tone band, which is very prosperous, has sprung up everywhere, and there is a great potential for latecomers to catch up. Take the women's octave team and Xinjiang Niangzi Qi Ming octave team investigated by the author as examples. Two women's music teams, both with more than 40 people, are mostly rural women and small businessmen. At first, there were few male players left, mainly engaged in teaching, organizing rehearsals, managing publicity and so on. These two women's eight-tone teams won the first and second place in Yongning Zhuang Eight-tone Culture and Art Festival for two consecutive years, and were invited to participate in various celebrations inside and outside the region for many times. With the increasing popularity, CCTV and Guangxi TV reported on them respectively, and their performances also expanded from Guangxi to the whole country. In addition, there is a "Primary School Girls' Eight Tone Team" in Lu Na Village, all of which are composed of Young Pioneers in grades 2 to 4, and they have also achieved good results in various competitions and performances.
2.2 band preparation
Yongning Zhuang's "Eight Tones" band is composed of suona, drum, gong, cymbal, erhu, Qin Qin and Zhuang music drum, which is the product of the combination of Zhuang and Chinese musical instruments. Now the eight-tone band is not limited to eight musical instruments, especially in recent years, the band establishment tends to be huge, mainly in two aspects: First, the number of suona has increased. An octave band of 40 people has more than 30 suona teams, which looks like a suona team from a distance. According to the specific situation of each band, add 1 drum, 2 gongs, 2 cymbals and 2 cymbals. During the performance, drums were used as the conductor, suona as the main instrument, and gongs and drums rang with great momentum. The second is the increase in the types of musical instruments. In addition to increasing the number of suona, many Yongning Eight-tone Band also added different kinds of musical instruments to the band according to their own strength, such as four-person drum, five-hole flute (Zhuang musical instrument), waist drum, Gao Hu and other musical instruments, which made the organization of Yongning Zhuang Eight-tone Band richer and larger, far exceeding the original eight-tone class. Therefore, compared with the eight-tone bands in other places, Yongning's eight-tone band is not only large in scale, but also tends to be large in musical instruments.
3 Yong Ning Zhuang Ba Yin's activity occasions and manifestations
3. 1 venues and functions
At first, Yongning Zhuang's Eight Tones served folk activities such as weddings, funerals, birthdays, the completion of new homes, and welcoming guests. Nowadays, with the development of economy and society, the government's attention and the increasing popularity of Yongning Eight Tones, it has become its new activity position to participate in major celebrations and performances, carry out policy propaganda and cultural exchanges. In the interview, the author learned that on 20 10, the Lu Na Village Women's Bayin Team only participated in 22 performances, ranging from "The Fifth Anniversary of Yongning City's Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition" to "The Welcome Performance of Pan-Beibu Gulf Economic Cooperation Forum" and then to "The Promotion Performance of Yongning District's National Culture and Filial Piety Culture". Today Yongning Bayin.
3.2 Forms of expression
Zhuang octave can be divided into two forms: line playing and sitting playing. Recursion means playing while marching, which is mainly used for ceremonies such as bride's wedding, lion dance, dragon dance and funeral procession. When marching, the band plays around drums or gongs (recursively) [4]. Sit-and-play is an eight-tone band played around the master's square table, which is mainly used in birthday celebrations, weddings, funerals, sacrifices, congratulations on the completion of new homes and other ceremonial activities. In recent years, with more and more social performances of Yongning Bayin, a new performance form came into being, that is, arranging and changing different queue shapes and performing on stage. The emergence of this form of performance has its preconditions and material factors, mainly the large increase in the number of bands and the needs of social performances. This new form can not only set off the atmosphere, but also give consideration to appreciation. This is a new phenomenon in the development of Yongning Bayin, and its future development needs to be studied and concerned.
Yongningzhuang eight tones are divided into two forms: literary field and martial field. The "eight tones" in the martial arts field only use suona, accompanied by percussion instruments such as gongs, drums and cymbals, and the atmosphere is warm and jubilant; The "Eight Tones" in the cultural field are mainly played by silk and bamboo instruments and light percussion instruments, accompanied by vocal chorus, which is light and elegant, beautiful and moving. [5] Wenchang Opera was originally closely related to Cantonese Opera and Yong Opera, and local people hired troupes to perform for birthdays, weddings and the completion of new homes. Now, with the development of Yongning Eight Tones, Wenchang Eight Tones are few, and most of them are martial arts eight tones.