Where is the Qing Xiling?

Located at the foot of Yongning Mountain in Yixian County, Hebei Province, the Qing Xiling Mausoleum is one of the tombs of the Qing royal family. There are four mausoleums-Tailing (Yongzheng), Changling (Jiaqing), Muling (Daoguang) and chongling (Guangxu). There are three back tombs, three princess gardens and four princes and princesses. * * * 14 people, 76 people were buried. There are more than 50,000 square meters of cemetery buildings, 1000 temples, 100 stone buildings and stone carvings, most of which are well preserved. This is a hilly area with lush trees and pleasant scenery. The Qing Xiling Mausoleum, with its large scale, rich connotation, exquisite architectural skills and complete varieties, is unique among the royal tombs in China. Tailing Mausoleum is the earliest mausoleum in Qing Dynasty, with the largest scale and the most complete functions. Its layout and shape conform to China's concept of "Feng Shui". The first three exquisite stone archways and Dahongmen in Tailing constitute the main portal of Xiling. The architecture of Changling is similar to that of Tailing, but its Long 'en Hall is very unique, with mottled stones and the reputation of "full of gems". The wooden frames of the Long 'en Hall and its annex in Muling are all nanmu, and 13 18 pieces of Panlong and Youlong with different shapes are exquisite in carving skills. The wooden frame of chongling Hall is made of steel and hardwood, and it is called copper beam and iron column. The Buddha statues in its underground palace are exquisitely carved. Yongfu temple, palaces, sleeping in the gardens of princes and princesses are well-preserved treasures in the Qing tombs. The whole Qing Mausoleum is magnificent and magnificent, which is really a beautiful masterpiece in the ancient architecture of China Mausoleum. The 402 ancient buildings in the Qing Xiling Mausoleum were basically built along the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty imperial tombs. They are based on the Qing style, strictly abide by the strict hierarchy, and are not bound by the canon system, so they are very creative. The stone archway in front of Dahongmen has been increased from one among the royal tombs of past dynasties to three, which is more exquisite in materials and techniques; The nanmu carving in Muling Temple broke through the painting method of other oil ornaments in Qingling, and the logs were painted with wax, which was magnificent. Since Daoguang, the mausoleum architecture has declined slightly, but the buildings such as Stone Statue, Shengde Shen Gong Monument Pavilion, Minglou and Fangcheng have been abolished, and the glazed door has been replaced by the stone archway, forming a small and exquisite new model. The luoquan wall in Changling has an echo effect with the Shinto in front of Baoding, and the unique Feng Dan painting in the caisson of Long 'en Hall has become a special case of China Mausoleum. It is precisely because of the many unique features of Xiqing Mausoleum that it constitutes the most distinctive model of mausoleum architecture in Qing Dynasty. According to the legend of the Qing Xiling Mausoleum, Changrui Mountain in Zunhua, Hebei Province was selected as the mausoleum area after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. Why did the emperor shunzhi's grandson Yongzheng choose another mausoleum site? There are various legends about this problem. One theory is that Yongzheng sent people to visit Dongling, thinking that there was no ideal place, he sent people to find another place and found Yixian. There is also a saying that Yongzheng became emperor and tampered with his father Kangxi's testamentary edict, so he dared not be buried next to his father and found an excuse to find another tomb. When we arrived in Qianlong, it was stipulated that the father and son would not be buried in the same place in the future, and the eastern and western tombs would be built alternately. Therefore, the size of the eastern and western tombs is roughly the same. The largest Tailing Mausoleum in Yongzheng, located in the center of the mausoleum area, is the earliest and largest building in Xiling. The rest of the tombs are distributed on the east and west sides. The Shinto of Tailing is paved with three layers of giant bricks, and there are more than 40 large and small buildings on both sides, which are distributed from south to north. The first building is a five-hole bridge with multiple arches entering the mausoleum area. There are three tall stone archways standing upright in the north of the bridge. The archway is solemn, beautiful and harmonious in color. These three stone workshops, all in the form of five rooms, six columns and eleven floors, are made of blue and white stones, engraved with figures such as mountains, water, flowers, grass and animals, and have vivid shapes. They are regarded as representative works in the architectural art of Xiling, and the tomb of Jiaqing Emperor is named Changling. Changling and Tailing are juxtaposed, and the scale is comparable to that of Tailing. Jiaqing is fifteen sons of Qianlong. When Qianlong passed it to him, he chose a good mausoleum site for him one kilometer south of Tailing. Long 'en Temple in Changling is very distinctive. The ground is covered with precious yellow mottled stones, and the slate is also covered with purple patterns, which are smooth and dazzling, like a room full of gems. The pillars are inlaid with gold, and Yunlong is brilliant. The exquisite craftsmanship of Daoguang Muling is called Muling. Muling is characterized by its small scale, and there are no buildings such as Fangcheng, Minglou, Dabei Pavilion and stone statues, but the project weight is stronger than that of Taichang Mausoleum. The whole fence, brick grinding joints, wall dry grouting level and firm. The building technology of Long 'en Hall is exquisite. The main hall is made of golden nanmu, which is not decorated with oil and color, and keeps the original color of logs. As soon as the door of the hall opened, the aroma of nanmu came to the nose. There are dragons in every small square on the ceiling, and Youlong and Panlong are also engraved on purlins and sparrows. These dragons are all panting. It is said that it was all Daoguang's own idea. The tomb site originally chosen for him found that the underground palace was flooded, so Daoguang chose another place and named it Longquan Valley. Daoguang thinks that the underground palace is flooded, which may be caused by dragons digging holes and the water in Longkou. If all the dragons were moved to the ceiling, they wouldn't spit in the underground palace, so he ordered thousands of skilled craftsmen to carve many dragons with Jin Sinan wood carvings, which were covered with smallpox algae wells, creating the momentum of "dragons gather together and dragons are fragrant in Longkou". Chongling is the mausoleum of Emperor Guangxu, 5 kilometers east of Tailing. This is the last surviving mausoleum in China. It was built in 1909 and completed in 19 15. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown, and it was built by the royal family of Xun Qing. Mausoleums of Ming and Qing Dynasties —— Ming Xianling Mausoleum, Qing Dongling Mausoleum and Qing Mausoleum (English name: mologue of Ming and Qing industry) were listed in the World Heritage List in 2000 according to the cultural heritage selection criteria C(I)(III)(VI). According to the cultural heritage selection criteria C(I)(III)(IV)(V)(VI), the Qing Tombs are listed in the World Heritage List. According to the cultural heritage selection criteria C(I)(III)(IV)(V)(VI), the Qingling Mausoleum was listed in the World Heritage List (No.:200-027). Evaluation of World Heritage Committee: According to the theory of geomantic omen, imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties has carefully selected sites and skillfully placed a large number of buildings underground. It is the product of human's transformation of nature, which embodies the traditional architectural and decorative ideas, and interprets the world outlook and power view of feudal China that lasted for more than 500 years.