Urticaria is commonly known as rash, but it is not called wind pimple. Rash is a common name for a disease called rubella. There are obvious differences between the two cases in clinic. Rubella and urticaria can be distinguished according to the following points.
2 How to distinguish rubella from urticaria 1 to see if it is contagious: it is not contagious and will not infect others.
Rubella: It is contagious. It can spread 5 ~ 7 days before onset and 3 ~ 5 days after onset. Generally, it is the most contagious on the day of onset and the day before. Viruses can be isolated from patients' mouth, nose, throat secretions, blood and urine. It is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets, and it can also be transmitted by close contact between people.
2. Look at the cause of urticaria: it is an allergic disease, which can be induced by food and food additives, inhalants, infections, drugs, physical factors such as mechanical stimulation, cold and heat, sunlight, insect bites, mental factors, endocrine changes and genetic factors.
Rubella: It is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by rubella virus (RV), including congenital infection and acquired infection.
3. Look at the symptoms of urticaria: the symptoms are air masses on the skin. Often there is itching of the skin first, followed by wheal, showing bright red or pale skin color. A few patients have edematous erythema, as shown in the following figure.
Rubella: Common symptoms are low fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes behind ears and occipital region. At the beginning of the rash, it is pink macula, maculopapule or papule with a diameter of 2 ~ 3 mm, as shown in the following figure.
How to treat rubella and urticaria 1? Urticaria has different therapeutic effects due to different causes of urticaria. Usually avoid inducing factors, such as cold urticaria, keeping warm, acetylcholine urticaria can reduce exercise, sweating and mood swings, and contact urticaria can reduce contact opportunities. Combined with oral antihistamines and other drugs and topical antipruritic drugs for matching treatment.
Generally, after treatment, the rash can subside within 2 to 24 hours, but new rashes will appear repeatedly, and the course of disease may be extended to several days or months.
2, rubella patients generally have mild symptoms, do not need special treatment, and give priority to symptomatic treatment. Those with obvious symptoms should stay in bed and be given a liquid or semi-liquid diet. High fever, headache, cough and conjunctivitis can be treated symptomatically. If you have high fever, lethargy, coma and convulsion, you should treat it according to the principle of epidemic encephalitis. Patients with severe bleeding tendency can be treated with adrenocortical hormone, and fresh whole blood should be given if necessary.
What should we pay attention to in rubella and nettle? 1, urticaria should be paid attention to (1) to avoid induction.
For example, cold urticaria should pay attention to keep warm and reduce urticaria induced by cold stimulation; Acetylcholine urticaria reduces exercise, sweating and mood swings, while contact urticaria reduces contact opportunities.
(2) Avoid scratches
Itching is unbearable when urticaria attacks, and many people can't help scratching, but this will not only stop itching, but also increase the temperature of the affected area, thus releasing more histamine in the blood, that is, allergen virus, which leads to the deterioration of the condition.
(3) Avoid scalding and hot compress.
High temperature can temporarily relieve the sick skin, but it is another stimulus, which will lead to blood vessel tension and release more allergens. For example, some people soak in hot springs or bathtubs in winter, or wrap themselves in heavy quilts, which may cause cholinergic urticaria.
(4) Pay attention to personal hygiene habits
Pay attention to cleaning every day, especially to keep the armpits, perineum and breasts clean. Wear loose cotton underwear and less tight clothes. Try to avoid using too much cosmetics and facial cleanser and toner with more chemical components. Avoid excessive use of soap, rubber gloves, hair dyes and other irritating substances that can easily cause skin allergies.
(5) Keep a healthy mind.
The attack and aggravation of cholinergic urticaria are also related to people's emotional or psychological stress. Therefore, it is also important to keep a happy mood.
(6) avoid eating hair.
The so-called "hair" refers to the products that dispel wind and cause disease, send poison to help fire and help evil, which is easy to induce the recurrence of old diseases. Common hair products include meat, such as pig's head meat, eggs, cattle, sheep, dog meat and goose meat; There are aquatic products, such as fish, shrimp and crab. There are vegetables, such as leeks, bamboo shoots, spinach, mushrooms and so on. There are fruits, such as mango, bayberry and litchi; There are condiments, such as onion, ginger, garlic and pepper.
2, rubella should pay attention to (1) immunization is an effective way to prevent rubella.
Rubella vaccine is an attenuated live virus strain that has been used for more than 40 years. Long-term immunity of more than 95% can be obtained by single dose inoculation, which is close to the immunity induced by natural infection. Pay attention to the adverse reactions after inoculation, which may appear: pain, redness, low fever, rash and muscle pain at the injection site.
(2) Infection in pregnant women can affect the fetus.
Pregnant women infected with rubella in the first three months of pregnancy will lead to a variety of birth defects in the fetus. The earlier the infection occurs, the more serious the damage to the fetus. Fetal infection can lead to stillbirth, abortion and premature delivery. Mild cases can lead to fetal growth retardation, even involving various systems of the whole body, leading to a variety of malformations.
(3) Susceptible population
Rubella is generally more common in children, and it is not uncommon for young people, adults and the elderly to get sick during the epidemic period. Rubella is more common in winter and spring. In recent years, it is common in spring and summer, and it can be popular in kindergartens, schools, military and other gathering people.
(4) the route of transmission
Generally speaking, rubella in children and adults is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, and close contact between people will also be transmitted through contact. Newborns infected in the fetal period can excrete virus in the pharynx for weeks, months or even more than 1 year, so it can spread through contaminated bottles, nipples, quilts, diapers and direct contact with medical staff and family members who lack antibodies, or in the nursery.