Liu Che: He should be regarded as the most accomplished monarch in the Han Dynasty, surpassing his great-grandfather Liu Bang. From the establishment of centralization to the reform of economic system and the strengthening of foreign relations, all of them show his British style; But his exultation, extravagance and "witchcraft" in his later years made him a controversial emperor.
Now based on his merits and demerits, let's talk about his character. Generally speaking, he should be regarded as a king of blood, which I admire most, and it also makes some of his mistakes understandable. Some book reviews say that Liu Che is a person who goes too far and can turn a good thing into a bad thing, but I prefer this overbearing recklessness. No one in the world is perfect. A man, especially a king, does not have such domineering power. Why should he take on a big responsibility? However, I never liked Liu Che because he was cold and selfish. He has always been rational and decisive, and there is no lack of cruelty. Everything is based on inheritance, and he will not be too affectionate to everyone, including his wife and daughter, not to mention his favorite minister. This may be a necessary condition to become a master of English, but as a man, he lacks a little personality charm.
Emperor Wu created six "firsts";
First: the first emperor to unify his thoughts with Confucianism.
Second: The first emperor who founded imperial academy to train talents.
Third, the first emperor who vigorously expanded the territory of China.
Fourth: Open the first emperor of the Western Regions.
Fifth: the first emperor to mark the era with the emperor's year number.
Sixth: the first emperor to criticize himself in the form of remorse.
People's evaluation of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty; Great talent, belligerence, great tribute and extreme dictatorship, so what kind of emperor is he?
Twenty-five Historical Actions of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty
1, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to use the year number. 1 13 BC, the year number was created, first for six years (140- 104) and then for four years (104-87). ?
2. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to formulate and promulgate the taichu calendar Law in a unified way throughout the country, and it was used from the first month of each year. ?
3. During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Historical Records, the first biographical historical book in China, came out, which had a great influence on later historiography. ?
4. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a map of the earth appeared in the historical records of China after the unification of Qin Dynasty. In April of the fourth year of Yuanshou, Shen Bing said, "My servant Gong Sunhe went to see Tai Shigong ... If you want to play a map, please name the country." According to the Records of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Ding Yuan sent the general Gongsun He out of Jiuyuan in the autumn of six years, and wrote down the minister Wang Zan: "Fu Ju, the name of the well, went to Jiuyuan for two thousand miles among the Huns. See the map of Han Dynasty." According to Yanshigu, there was a minister Wang Zan in the early Jin Dynasty. This shows that Wang Zan, the minister in the early Jin Dynasty, has also seen the map of the Han Dynasty. This also shows that the regional concept of the country has clearly appeared in the Han Dynasty. This has had an important impact on the study of physical geography in later generations. ?
5. Give some advice to the founder of Xiande, and Emperor Wu personally asked and selected talents to be an official. This is the so-called inspection and recruitment system. ?
6. Emperor Wudi's exclusive respect for Confucianism began with Confucianism as the ruling ideology of the country. ?
7. In the fifth year of Yuanshuo, he made 50 disciples for Dr. Jason Wu and healed himself; Local counties and countries can send some people and accept them as disciples according to certain conditions. After passing the exam, you can pass a skill and become an official. This is where the selection of officials from Taiwanese students across the country began. ?
8. While respecting Confucianism alone, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also "learned from others", forming a pattern of taking Confucianism as the ruling ideology and accepting the strengths of hundreds of schools. This also has a great influence on future generations. ?
9. In the second year of Yuanfeng (former 109), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited the site to inspect the breach of the Yellow River. This is the first time since the unification of the Qin Dynasty that the emperor personally took charge of the Yellow River. ?
10 When the hacksaw (indigenous seeder) was popularized by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, this method was used in China for more than two thousand years. ?
1 1. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, which opened up the Silk Road and promoted economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West. This is the first time in the history of China. ?
12 years, in the sixth year of Han Yuanfeng (before 105), the ancestral daughter was married to Wusun and Qin as a princess. This is the first time in China's history that it is close to western countries. ?
13. Place fields on the wheel platform and furrow plough, and place messengers and a team leader side by side. This is the first time in China's history that he cultivated land in Xinjiang, China. ?
14, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used the well canal method to make the leading canal, which was later introduced to Xinjiang, China and Persia. ?
15. Grapes and alfalfa were introduced from the Western Regions, and the thoroughbred horse-Tianma was introduced from Dawan. Music and magic from the Western Regions were introduced to China, and China's cast iron technology, silk, drainage and lacquerware were introduced to Dawan and other places. ?
16, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty applied benevolence and righteousness and ruled the country by virtue; At the same time, we attach importance to the rule of law and govern the country with heavy punishment. This is also the first time in history. ?
/kloc-in the fifth year of Yuanfeng in 0/7 (106 years ago), in order to strengthen the supervision of governors and local senior officials, thirteen state departments were established, so that the 600-stone-level secretariat patrol guarded the county at the 2,000-stone level. ?
18, in order to strengthen the imperial power, reform the prime minister system and establish China-Korea (inner Korea), which had a great influence on the evolution of the prime minister system. ?
19 years, two years ago in Ding Yuan (1 15 years ago), it was forbidden for counties and states to cast money, but only the three official states in Shanglin were allowed to cast money, not the money circulated by the three officials, and the money previously cast by counties and states was abolished. Have a great influence on future generations. ?
20. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty settled fields in the northwest frontier counties through a large number of immigrants, which played an important role in the victory of the anti-Xiongnu war and the governance of the western regions. It also has a great influence on future generations. Cao Cao once said in "Preface to Reclaiming Farmland" that "filial piety is a good example for the first generation to cultivate the western regions", which illustrates this point. ?
2 1. The appointment of officials in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was diversified. Officials with more than 2,000 stones can make their descendants officials through the appointment system; Rich people can become officials through "election"; The descendants of sages can be taken care of, for example, Jia Yi's two sons are taken care of by the county magistrate. However, what is particularly striking is that Liang Wudi employs people on their own merits and does not stick to one pattern. For example, Wei Ruyun's son-in-law was chosen from the handmaiden. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were selected from slaves and slave children respectively. The Prime Minister Gong Sunhong, Yu Shiguang, and the Prince Zhu and others were all selected from poor civilians. Zhang Tang, Du Zhou and Ting Wei Zhao Yu were selected from petty officials. It is particularly noteworthy that some generals appointed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were Yue and Huns. Jin Mi's younger brother, a prisoner of Xiongnu and a slave who raised horses in the palace, was elected as a senior official and entrusted orphans to Huo Guang and Shangguan Jie. These conditions show that the selection of talents by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is not limited by class background and ethnic differences. However, this does not mean that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not have standards for employing people, but there were still standards. The standard is "broaden the road of artistic talents and learn from others", and "those who have different talents in counties and counties can make the country unique". In other words, as long as they are willing to fight for the cause of the Han Dynasty, people with artistic talent and talent, people who can be generals and people who can go to distant countries can be appointed. In a word, the standard of employing people is meritocracy. It is precisely because of this that Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty has many talents. Ban Gu was surprised and said, "People who have won the Han Dynasty are prosperous here!" The appearance of this phenomenon deserves serious study.
22. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor in the history of China to send troops to the hinterland of Xiongnu for a decisive battle. ?
23. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor in the history of China who proposed that the northern nomadic Xiongnu should submit to the Central Plains Dynasty, and therefore built a surrender city in today's Inner Mongolia. Although Emperor Wu did not achieve this goal before his death, in the first year of Xuanyuan, Xiongnu became a vassal of the Han Dynasty. ?
24. After Li Guangli conquered Dayuan, many countries in the southern western regions surrendered to the Han Dynasty. In the second year of Emperor Xuandi (the first 60 years), the Xiongnu surrendered to the Han Dynasty day by day, but the Xiongnu did not dare to fight for the western regions, so they called all their courtiers away, a captain. Xuan Di appointed Ji Zheng as the commander-in-chief of the Western Regions, in charge of the southern and northern countries, and the western countries surrendered to the Han Dynasty. At this point, the west directly entered the Caspian Sea and became the territory of the Han Dynasty, which was the first time in the history of China. ?
25. After the pacification of South Vietnam, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Boer County and Zhu Ya County in Hainan Island for the first time, ruling Hainan Island and the South China Sea Islands today.
In the history of the development of the Chinese nation, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty created several firsts:
Unique respect for Confucianism; Following Dong Zhongshu's advice, he "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", which created the orthodoxy of China's traditional mainstream culture, ruled the traditional cultural stage in China for more than 2,000 years, and was highly praised by the rulers of past dynasties. What I want to explain here is that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not restrict the development of other schools, which led to the development of Confucianism and the vigorous promotion of the combination of Confucianism and law. For example, Xiahou Shichang studied Confucianism and was familiar with Yin-Yang and Five Elements. The prime minister also ruled Confucianism and Legalism; Zhufuyan started as a strategist; Sima Qian, a loyal Ji 'an Sima Tan, started from the theory of Huang Lao.
2. Establish China and Korea? Repressing foreign dynasties;
During the reign of Huiwenjing, the prime minister treated each other with courtesy, and Emperor Wu was at odds with the prime minister. In order to carry out their own orders, China and Korea were established, and Shangshutai also appeared during this period.
3. Establish the year number;
The year number used by the first emperor in China history. 1 13 BC, which was regarded as four years by Emperor Wu, and later changed to Jianyuan, Yuanguang and Yuanshuo. Yuanshou, every year is six years.
Change the calendar at the beginning of the fourth year;
In the first year of Taichu (before 104), taichu calendar was changed, with the first month as the beginning of the year, and the color was yellow.
Wuyan Tieguanying;
The salt and iron official camp has continued since the Han Dynasty. Today, salt and iron tea is still mainly controlled by the government and state-owned enterprises.
Western Liu Tong;
China spread the technologies of smelting iron, sinking wells, making silk and lacquerware, and the west (domain) introduced the Hu (yellow) melon? Carrots? Grapes? Blood horse? Walnut? Tianma, etc? Has great historical significance.
Seven, open up territory.
Northwest: Huo Qubing? Wei Qing? Li Guangli, Zhang Qian, Xijun and others made unremitting efforts to solve their worries. The Western Regions were closely linked with China for the first time, which laid the foundation for the later incorporation of the Western Regions into Chinese territory.
Southwest China: The successive appearance of emissaries made the southwest border merged into Chinese territory for the first time.
North: Wei Qubing's attack made northern Xinjiang stable for a long time and protected the stability of the capital.
As a result, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Qin Shihuang also became the first emperor of the ages, and later generations often called it "Qin Huang Hanwu".
Brief introduction of Han tomb
Maoling is the mausoleum of Liu Che, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. Located in Maoling Village, Xingping City (formerly Xingping County), 40 kilometers northwest of Xi City. Now it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. It was built from 139 BC to the first 87 years, lasting 53 years.
In the second year of Jianyuan (BC 139), Liu Che built Shouling here and was buried here after his death in 87 BC. Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, is a very talented feudal emperor who can be compared with Qin Shihuang in history. When he was in power, it was the heyday of the Han Empire. He adopted the grand strategy of rewarding farming, developing production, enriching Qiang Bing and fighting against Xiongnu. At the same time, he strengthened centralization of authority politically, and economically implemented the government-run system of salt boiling, iron smelting, transportation and marketing, water conservancy construction, agriculture development and foreign trade development. Fighting against Xiongnu militarily opened the way to the western regions, firmly controlled the Hexi Corridor and reached Hainan in the south, which basically formed the pattern of the living space of the Chinese nation, thus making the Han Empire stand in the east of the world with a unified and prosperous attitude. The building of the mausoleum is magnificent, and the sacrificial objects in the tomb are extremely luxurious and rich. Historically, it has been said that "money, animals and birds, fish and turtles, cattle and horses, tigers and leopards, and raw birds are all hidden". ?
According to legend, the tomb contains the golden carved jade clothes, jade boxes and jade sticks of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. At that time, there were sacrificial halls and sleeping halls in the cemetery, as well as houses where ladies-in-waiting and grave keepers lived. There used to be 5,000 people who managed the cemetery here, responsible for watering trees and sweeping sacrifices. Moreover, Maoling County was built in the southeast of Maoling, and many civil and military ministers and rich households moved in, with a population of more than 277,000. ? Maoling's paddock is bucket-shaped, with the existing residual height of 46.5 meters, the base side of the tomb is 240 meters long, and the cemetery is square, with the side length of about 420 meters. Up to now, there are three tombs in the east, west and north, and the tombs of Li Furen, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Huo Guang and Jin Ridi are buried with the tomb of Lingzhou. It is the largest imperial mausoleum in the Han Dynasty, with the longest construction time and the richest funerary objects. It is called the "Pyramid of China". Nine of the Western Han emperors1/kloc-0 were buried in Xianyang. Mausoleums are arranged from west to east, nearly a hundred miles long and magnificent. ?
Admission: peak season: (March1-165438+1October 30th): 45 yuan; Low season: (65438+February1-end of February): 25 yuan.
Detailed explanation of Han tomb
Zhao Bingwen, a gold man, wrote a poem: "There is no one near Weishui Bridge, and you are sitting on a unicorn in a high grave. The fame of the ages has turned into the dust of Xianyang. " His poems tell the historical scene of Xianyang. Through the distance of time and space, through these desolate ancient tombs on display, people seem to see the original rise and fall of honor and disgrace in Xianyang, hear the screams of the owner of the ancient tomb and read the wonderful chapter of Xianyang ancient tomb culture.
Guanzhong Plain at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains starts from Baoji in the west, reaches Tongguan in the east, and is sandwiched between Qinling Mountains and Beishan Mountains in the north and south. It is one of the cradles of ancient civilization. Weihe River flows through the strip-shaped Guanzhong Plain from west to east, so it is also called Weihe Plain. This area belonged to the state of Qin in ancient times, and it was about seven or eight hundred li long, so it was also called "Qinchuan in eight hundred li". During the Western Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties, Guanzhong was the richest place in China, accounting for six tenths of the national wealth. Xi 'an, the ancient capital, is located on the south bank of Weihe River, in the middle of this plain. Eight rivers, such as Fenghe, Huhe and Bahe, meander out from the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, forming the scene of "Eight Rivers Around Chang 'an". Mount Huashan, Mount Li and Mount Zhongnan, which belong to Qinling Mountains, are towering and steep, south of the urban area, with mountains and mountains, and clouds steaming Xia Wei, forming beautiful landscape.
Xianyang is located in the hinterland of Guanzhong, where Jing (River) and Wei (River) meet, and it is the main assembly place of the imperial tombs of the Western Han Dynasty. In 2 14 of the Western Han Dynasty, after 1 1 emperors,1/cemeteries were built, of which 9 were located in the original site of Xianyang. Among them, the most prominent are five mausoleums, namely, Gaozu Changling Mausoleum, Huidi Anling Mausoleum, Jingdi Yangling Mausoleum, Wudi Mausoleum and Zhao Di Ping Ling. At that time, these five tombs were all managed and built with spiritual instruments, so they were called "Wuling Yuan". The descriptions of "how the children of Wuling nobles competed for luxury" and "Five Tombs" in ancient poems refer to the evil deeds of dude children living in these tombs (counties).
In the Western Han Dynasty 1 1 tombs, Mao Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is the largest. In the history of China, only the Lishan Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang can be compared with such a huge mausoleum.
Maoling is located in the northeast of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province, southeast of Nanwei Township,12km west of Xingping County and15km east of Xianyang City. It is far from Jiujun Mountain in the north and Zhong Nanshan in the south. Things are "Wulingyuan" stretching for hundreds of miles. This place belonged to Maoxiang, Li Huai County in the Han Dynasty, so it was called "Maoling". It is 46.5 meters high, 39.25 meters long from east to west at the top and 40.60 meters wide from north to south. According to Guan Zhongji, "All tombs in the Han Dynasty were 12 feet high and 120 feet square, but Maoling was 14 feet high and 140 feet square." The above figures are basically consistent with today's measured figures. The total area is 56,878.25 square meters, and the amount of soil sealed is 848,592.92 cubic meters. The cemetery is square, flat-topped, small at the top and large at the bottom, which looks solemn and steady.
Construction of Maoling began in 139 BC, and was completed in 87 BC, lasting 53 years. "Biography of the Book of Jin" said: "Emperor Gaozu became a mausoleum one year after he ascended the throne, and one-third of the tributes in the world, one for the temple, one for the guest and one for the mausoleum." In other words, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used one third of the total tax revenue of the whole country as the cost of building tombs and collecting funerary objects. When the mausoleum was built, more than 3,000 builders and artists were recruited from all over the country, and the scale of the project was staggering.
Zigong of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty consists of five coffins and two coffins. The five-story coffin is placed on the coffin bed in the middle of the tomb behind the tomb. The second half of the tomb is the tomb, which has two floors, the inner layer is folded into a "door" shape, and there are upright trees. There is a gap in the south and a yellow sausage puzzle in the outer layer. The wood used in the five coffins is catalpa, catalpa and nanmu, which are firm and fine in texture, moisture-resistant and corrosion-resistant. Around Zigong, there are four gates, buildings with toilets and yellow intestines. The function and purpose of the toilet is to sit in hiding. "The Biography of Han Huo Guang" said: "Sitting down is not proper sleep, because guests can be invited from the side." Simply put, the toilet is a place that imitates the living and feasts, burying the most precious things in the grave with the dead, so as to enjoy them in the underworld. "Yellow intestine problem" means "yellow heart with cypress, which makes you tired outside the coffin, so it is called yellow intestine. Wooden and introverted, so the questions are together. " After the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the yellow sausage puzzle was made, and the surface was polished very smoothly, which consumed a lot of labor. It is made up of 65,438+05,880 pieces of yellow intestine wood with a length of 90 cm and a height of 65,438+00 cm.
In 87 BC, after the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he entered the front hall of Weiyang Palace. According to Xijing Miscellanies, "Emperor Han died in a jade box, shaped like armor and connected by gold thread." In Zigong, Emperor Wudi had cicada jade in his mouth and a gold box on his back. "The boxes are all carved as dragons and fish, and the world is called the jade box of dragons." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was tall and fat, wearing a large jade coat, with a total length of 1.88 meters, consisting of about 2,498 large and small jade pieces. The gold wire used for * * * weighed about1100g.
The underground palace of Maoling is full of many rare treasures. "Han Gong Yuchuan" said: "Han Wudi abandoned the world, and Huo Guang hid more money. Birds and beasts, money, turtles, cows, horses, tigers and leopards give birth to birds, and 90 things are hidden. " Yu Shinan Biography of the New Tang Dynasty also said: "Liang Wudi has lived for a long time in these years. Compared with burial, there is nothing in the tomb. " As can be seen from the above records, because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in power for a long time and was in the heyday of economic prosperity, there were many funerary objects, besides 190 kinds of funerary objects, there were live cows, horses, tigers, leopards, fish turtles, birds and so on. According to another record, King Kangqu presented the jade box and staff of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and 30 volumes of miscellaneous classics read by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty before his death, which were packed in a golden box and buried in Yu Ling.
Settle a young wife/mistress in a golden house
The Story of Hanwu, also known as the Story of Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty, was written by Ban Gu of Han Dynasty, Ge Hong of Jin Dynasty and Wang Jian of Nanqi. However, there is no conclusive evidence. It is regarded as a legendary novel because it has many sources of books about events and history. Among them, the Golden House is quite different from the historical books. Hanwu Story records that he married Chen Zaibo and Liu Rong before they were abolished. According to historical records? Volume 49? According to "The Family of Concubines in Nineteenth Century", the combination of the two was after the thin queen and prince Liu Rong were successively abolished, and Liu Che was made the prince.
Jiao: It originally refers to Chen Ajiao, the cousin of Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was young, he loved Gillian and said that he wanted her to live in the Golden House. It refers to letting beloved wives and concubines live in a gorgeous house. Also refers to concubinage.
The source of the wonderful book "Story of Hanwu": "If Gillian is a wife, she will be saved as a golden house."
Allusions: Chen Ajiao and the political color of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty
In the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, (Chen) was actually a historical tragic figure.
In fact, there are political factors in Queen Chen's tragic experience. At the beginning, Emperor Wu was made a prince, relying on his aunt princess royal Liu Pu. The condition is that Liu Che will marry Chen Ajiao, the only daughter of the princess. Princess royal claimed to have established an emperor, but Emperor Wu suffered greatly. And Empress Chen is extremely arrogant, thus alienating Gillian. Liu Che's mother, the Queen Mother, immediately warned him: You are the new throne, and the minister has not inherited it. First of all, Empress Dowager Cixi has been very angry about the restructuring. Now, "If you are angry with princess royal again, you will be a sinner. Be careful!" The so-called "ministers are unconvinced" refers to the undercurrent of opposition to Liu Che among officials or powerful people. The so-called "heinous crime" means that the emperor can't be an emperor. At this time, Liang Wudi had no strength to compete with Dou, but when Zhao Wan, an important official appointed by him, suggested that Dou should stop interfering in state affairs, he annoyed Dou. Dou forced Emperor Wu to abolish a series of reform measures that had just been implemented, and his appointed prime minister and Qiu were also forced to be dismissed, and some ministers were forced to die in prison. But a very clever person, immediately turned to pay tribute to princess royal and Chen. From the second year of Jianyuan to the sixth year of Jianyuan, he ran around hunting and stopped asking about major policies. Thanks to princess royal's protection and Liu Che's low profile, his throne was preserved.
Mixed reputation?
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to criticize himself with "remorse".
In the fourth year (the first 89 years), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty declared to the world that he had caused suffering to the people, and he would never resort to war, waste people's money or even express his inner remorse. This is the "guilt on the wheel platform". This imperial edict is the first imperial edict in the history of China.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was undoubtedly the first person who dared to abandon himself and put himself at the center of world public opinion! At this point, the emperors of later generations made a big mistake, and they also "blamed themselves" and publicly admitted their mistakes, showing the attitude of a wise monarch.
Ji An, an outspoken critic, once criticized Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: The emperor killed too many people, even those he trusted on weekdays, and he would not forgive them. At this rate, all the talents in the world will be killed sooner or later. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was unmoved and smiled indifferently: There are no talents in the world, but the master has no eye for talents. If you can identify talents, why worry about the lack of talents in the world? It is often not enough to recruit a scholar-bureaucrat. However, the nature is severe. Although ministers always love believers, they may break the law or bully them. They need to punish them. Ji An remonstrated, saying, "Your majesty has been killed because he has been diligent in seeking talents and failed to make good use of them. The number of people is limited, and I am afraid that all the talents in the world will be used up. Who makes your majesty rule * * *? The dark word is very angry. He smiled and said, Why is there no talent? Ears that the patient can't know. If you can know, why is there no one? The so-called talents are still useful tools, but he refuses to use them all. Without talent, why not kill people? )
It is such a Han Wudi who treats talents like dirt. On the one hand, he cherishes talents extremely.
Under the feudal autocratic system, there are two bad habits in the use of talents: one is cronyism, and only those who are familiar with their cronies are used; Second, when it comes to seniority, we must follow the "thirty-nine steps" and climb up one level at a time, and we must not "mess up" the rules. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty will not be ruined by words: as long as he is talented, his father Yan holds different political views, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is still thirsty for talents; 2. Dare to be promoted by exception: Because of his ability, Wei Qing was born a slave, and Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was promoted by exception.
Not only that, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty even abandoned orthodoxy, tolerated all kinds of people, and discovered Dong Fangshuo with one eye, turning the solemn court into a lounge full of warmth and happiness, and the monarch and his subjects were like playmates; At the same time, he didn't lose his principle because of rude remarks, but praised Dong Fangshuo's slanderers and obeyed his orders.
When he first read the myth, he was very admired. Know the author Sima Xiangru. If you get the treasure, let him enjoy the same writing treatment as himself. Being able to recognize, tolerate and employ people, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is unique throughout the ages. Both Qin Shihuang and Emperor Gaozu regarded literati as corrupt scholars, while Emperor Taizong and Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty may know people, but after all, they are not generous enough.
One mistake in his life was to castrate Sima Qian, the greatest historian in China history. Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was misunderstood and disputed.
Sima Qian praised him in Historical Records, and Ban Gu's Han Wu Di Ji also praised his literary treatment:
Ban Gu praised: Xiao Wu was first established, deposed a hundred schools, and respected the Six Classics only, so he consulted the sea and made contributions to it. Revitalizing the country's prison, repairing the countryside's worship, correcting the new moon, fixing the year, adjusting the temperament, making fun of poetry, building a temple, worshiping the gods, and ordering articles after Zhou Yan can be described as new ideas. Heirs can follow hongye and have three generations of wind. For example, Liang Wudi is rich in talents, and does not change the gift of mountains and rivers to save the people. Although the poems and books can't be supplemented.
Ban Gu never mentioned the martial arts of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, indicating that he had reservations about the martial arts of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
In Sima Guang's Zi Zhi Tong Jian, there are both praise and criticism:
Guangchen said: filial piety is extravagant, complicated punishment is heavy, palace is extravagant, and foreign affairs are four foreigners. I'm confused. I cruise too much. Few people are different from Qin Shihuang, because they make people tired and become thieves. However, if the Qin Dynasty perishes and the Han Dynasty prospers, filial piety can respect Wang Zhidao first, keep what he knows, and be honest and straightforward. The wicked bully the weak and fear the hard, the wise are tireless and the punishment is severe. It's late. Care about others. Is it because of the loss of Qin and the disaster of Qin?
Why do people have such different views on Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty?
First of all, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is a very multifaceted person. He is a politician with a political mind; But he is also an ordinary person, full of joys and sorrows. He is a wise gentleman and knows his historical responsibility; But he is also a tyrant, fighting willfully; He not only made great contributions to the world, but also brought great disasters to the world. He dotes on the woman he likes, but he not only moved his heart, but also killed the woman he likes for the country. He is extremely clever and extremely confused; I sacrificed tens of thousands of lives for the legendary BMW. When we approach him, we will find that in these opposing roles, he is not simply either one or the other. In a dilemma, when it is very urgent, he will hesitate and even be extremely painful; There are also ordinary people's joys and sorrows, mean calculations, insomnia and anxiety. In the eyes of ordinary people, he is decisive, confident and talented. However, when we make a final decision on him, we often go to extremes and say that it will be a good time; It's hard to write a book if you say something bad. In this way, differences are inevitable.
We can't judge anyone by a single standard. Human nature is complicated, let alone a feudal emperor! Perhaps his kindness is from the heart, or it may be a means to win people's hearts; Maybe his bad behavior is caused by imperial power and he has to do it, or maybe he was born so heartless. Therefore, since we can't get rid of his imperial shackles, our evaluation can only wander between his two identities of emperor and mortal. How did the innocent "son" become a lovely and terrible emperor? How can you say it all in one sentence?
As the saying goes:
The wind is mighty, the seas are dry and the rocks are rotten, and the golden horse and iron horse are gone;
The Great Wall stands tall, the Silk Road is long, the wealth is magnificent, and the beautiful scenery is desolate and gone.
Clashes of words and swords, vertical and horizontal alliances, the monarch and the minister lean on each other, and the country of the Millennium is gone;
Jia Wei went to the four seas, which was a great disaster. That was a thousand years ago, and it was full of enthusiasm.
Only the lone star Leng Yue, the morning bell and the evening drum, the green light and the yellow axis, and the village theater are reviewed every year and sighed every year.
Liu Che, Liu Che (BC1July 57 14-March 29, 87 BC), the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty, was an emperor, politician, strategist, poet, national hero and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. Han nationality. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty is the tenth son of Emperor Wu Liu Qi, the grandson of Emperor Wu Liu Heng, the great-grandson of Emperor Wu Liu Bang and the great-grandson of Emperor Wu Liu Taigong. His mother is Wang Hao. Born in Yaolan Hall in July 157 BC, he died in Zuo Wu Palace on March 29th, 87 BC at the age of 70. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty became King Jiaodong at the age of 4, Prince at the age of 7, and ascended the throne at the age of 16. In the fifty-fourth year of his reign (BC 14 1- 87 BC), he established the most brilliant achievements of the Western Han Dynasty. Year of use: Jianyuan, Yuanshuo, Yuanguang, Yuanfeng, Yuanshou, Ding Yuan, Zhenghe, Hou Yuan and Taishi. Posthumous title's "filial piety" was buried in Maoling. The "Law of the Dead" says that "strength is strong, virtue is martial", which means majesty, strength and wisdom, and benevolence is martial. His great talent and literary skills made the Han Dynasty the most powerful country in the world at that time, and he became the great emperor in the history of China.
As the historical series "Hanwu the Great" said: He built a country with unprecedented dignity; He gave a group the confidence to stand for a long time; His country name has become the eternal name of a great nation.
The Spring Festival began at the beginning of the calendar change and was corrected by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing attacked Xiongnu three times on a large scale, sealing the wolf in a professional position. Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions to open up the Silk Road. Since then, the western regions have become the meeting place of several major civilizations, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has been called the "crown of hundreds of kings".
Zi Xuan Song
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also wrote a certain number of Chu Feng poems when he was alive, many of which were quite standard. For example, Song of Praise:
"Zan will be helpless, and the vast ocean is worried about the river.
You can't be peaceful for the river, and you can't be peaceful without a job.
My mountain is flat and vast, full of fish and cypress.
The right path is relaxed from the constant flow, and the dragon wants to travel far.
Back in old Sichuan, I am a god, and I don't know the outside world.
The emperor said that He Gong was cruel, and the flood did not stop worrying about us.
Mulberry floating, Huai Si full, water slow for a long time. "
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