What's the climate in Europe?

The European continent lies between 36-7 1 N, far from the equator and the Tropic of Cancer. It is the only continent with a permanent population without a tropical climate. At the same time, the frigid climate only exists in the northern edge of the mainland and the islands of the Arctic Ocean, occupying a small area. Therefore, a remarkable feature of European climate is that temperate climate is absolutely dominant. Europe is located in the middle and high latitudes, but it is not as cold as North Asia in winter. While the severe cold of -30℃ and -40℃ enveloped Siberia, the temperature in most parts of Europe at the same latitude was above-15℃, and even around 0℃ in some places. Summer in Europe is not very hot. The average temperature in July in most areas is between 15-20℃, and the area over 20℃ is not large. The average monthly temperature is above 25℃ only in the Caspian lowlands and a few areas in southern Europe. There is little temperature difference throughout the year. The average annual precipitation in Europe is 789mm① (1), which can be said that the precipitation is moderate and the seasonal distribution of precipitation is relatively uniform, and there is no obvious difference between dry and wet seasons in most areas. Therefore, the uniqueness of the ocean is another feature of the European climate.

Europe is a typical temperate maritime climate, which is widely distributed. From the west coast of Scandinavia in the north, to the northwest of Iberia in the south, to the British Isles in the west, and to the lower reaches of the Elbe River, the middle reaches of the Rhine River and the western foothills of the Alps in the east. The distribution range is far wider than other continents in the world. Southern Europe is a subtropical summer with a dry climate. This climate type occupies a vast area from Iberian Peninsula to the coast of the Black Sea. Its area is far from that of other continents, and its characteristics are also very typical. Dry and hot in summer and warm and humid in winter are the characteristics of this climate type, and "dry in summer" is its typical feature. Take Naples on the southern coast of Apennine Peninsula as an example. The average temperature here is 24.8℃ in July, 1 9℃ in a month, and the average minimum temperature is 6.6℃. It is quite mild in winter. The annual average precipitation is 894.5 mm, mainly in the five months from 10 to February, and the monthly average precipitation is mostly above 100mm, of which 136.7mm is the most in February, the least in February, and 8 1.8mm in summer. Because Europe's temperate maritime climate and subtropical dry summer climate are not only widely distributed, but also typical, the same type of climate on all continents in the world is often named after the European regional name, which is called Western European climate and Mediterranean climate, especially the Mediterranean climate, which is widely used and often appears in relevant documents. Therefore, it can be considered that typicality is also a feature of European climate.