1, product payment
Product payment is aimed at the repayment method of project loans. Borrowing is a form of financial leasing that directly repays the principal and interest with the project products after the project is put into production, rather than paying off the debts with the sales income of the project products. Before the loan is repaid, the lender owns some or all of the products of the project, and the borrower takes the lender's loan as the discounted net value of the sales income of these products when paying off the debt. Product payment is the most widely used form of financing for oil, gas and mining projects in the United States. Its characteristics are: the only source of repayment of debt principal and interest is the product of the project; The loan repayment period should be shorter than the effective production period of the project; The lender is not directly responsible for the project operating expenses.
2. Financing lease
It is a special way of debt financing, that is, if you need funds to buy some equipment in the project construction, you can apply for financial leasing from financial institutions. The equipment is purchased by the financial institution and leased to the project construction unit, and the construction unit pays the rent for renting the equipment to the financial institution by stages. Financial leasing is widely used in asset-backed financing, especially in the purchase of aircraft and ships, and in the preparation of large-scale power projects.
3.BOT financing
BOT financing is a way for private enterprises to participate in infrastructure construction and provide public services to the society. BOT has different names in different countries, and it is generally called "franchising" in China. The advantages of BOT financing mainly include the following aspects: First, reduce the impact of projects on the government budget, so that the government can still launch some infrastructure projects under the condition of insufficient funds. The government can concentrate resources and invest in projects that are not favored by investors but are of great strategic significance to local governments.
4.TOT financing
TOT is the abbreviation of "transfer-operation-transfer", which means that after the government signs a franchise agreement with investors, it will hand over the profitable public facilities that have been put into operation to private investors for operation, and in the next few years, it will get a lump sum of money from investors for the construction of new infrastructure projects with the benefit of the facilities; After the franchise expires, investors will hand over the facilities to the government for free.
5.PPP financing model
PFI model and PPP model are two foreign models that have developed rapidly in recent years. Although it is still in the initial stage in China, it has a good reference function and is also a development direction of investment and financing system reform in the field of public investment in China.
Second, what are the types of engineering construction project contracts?
Measurement contract. Measurement contract, also known as unit price contract, is divided into two forms: ① Bill of quantities contract. This kind of contract is usually entrusted by the construction unit to design the consulting unit to calculate the bill of quantities, and separately list the partial quantities. The contractor shall fill in the unit price and calculate the total cost when bidding. In the process of project construction, the actual quantities of each sub-item are calculated according to the actually completed quantities, and the actual total project cost is calculated according to the unit price quoted by the contractor at the time of bidding. The characteristic of this kind of contract is that the unit price remains unchanged during the whole construction process, and the project contract amount changes. (2) the unit price list contract. This contract includes a list of unit prices, and the contractor only lists the sub-projects in the list, not the quantities. When bidding, the contractor only fills in the unit price of each subdivisional work in the process of project construction, which is priced according to the actual completed quantities and the original unit price.
3. What does the life cycle of a construction project include?
The life cycle of a construction project includes decision-making stage, implementation stage and use stage. Construction project is a specific process consisting of a series of interrelated controlled activities, which have start and end dates and meet the specified requirements to complete various projects (civil engineering, construction engineering and installation engineering, etc.). ) Newly built, rebuilt and expanded according to law.
Including planning, survey, design, procurement, construction, trial operation, completion acceptance and handover. In order to meet the needs of hierarchical management of engineering construction projects, the state stipulates that capital construction projects are divided into three categories: large, medium and small; Transformation projects are divided into two categories: above the quota and below the quota.
Legal basis:
In Article 238 of the Contract Law, the contents of a financial lease contract include terms such as the name, quantity, specifications, technical performance, inspection method, lease term, rent composition, payment term and method, currency, and ownership of the lease item at the expiration of the lease term. The financial lease contract shall be in written form.