Development and evolution of nature reserves

Countries around the world have a long history of setting aside certain areas to protect precious animals, plants and their habitats, but the first national park approved by the US government 1872-Yellowstone National Park is generally regarded as the earliest nature reserve in the world. Since the 20th century, the cause of nature reserves has developed rapidly. Especially after the Second World War, many international organizations have been established around the world, engaged in the publicity, coordination and scientific research of nature reserves, such as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the Man and the Biosphere Program of UNESCO. The number and area of nature reserves are increasing all over the world, and they have become one of the symbols of a country's civilization and progress.

In ancient China, there was a simple idea of nature conservation. For example, the book "Yi Zhou Shu's Large-scale Articles" says: "In March in spring, trees and grass grow on the mountains, so there is no need to climb an axe. In Xia San, Kawasawa did not get into the net, so he became a fish turtle. " Record. The government takes measures to close hillsides to facilitate afforestation, and people often spontaneously delimit some areas where firewood cutting is not allowed, and formulate a number of village rules and regulations for management. In addition, the so-called "Shenmu", "Fengshui Forest", "Shenshan" and "Longshan", although superstitious, have objectively played a role in protecting nature, and some have begun to take shape as nature reserves. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the establishment of nature reserves has been developed.

By the end of 2006, there were 2349 nature reserves at all levels in China, accounting for about 15% of the national territory. Among them, 30 national nature reserves are listed as international biosphere reserves by UNESCO's "Man and Biosphere Plan". They are: Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve Wolong Nature Reserve Dinghushan Nature Reserve Fanjingshan Nature Reserve Wuyishan Nature Reserve Xilingol Grassland Nature Reserve Shennongjia National Nature Reserve Bogdafeng Nature Reserve Yancheng Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve Tianmushan Nature Reserve Maolan Nature Reserve Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve Nanji Islands. Nature Reserve Shankou Nature Reserve Baishuijiang Nature Reserve Huanglong Nature Reserve Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve Baotianman Nature Reserve Saihanwula Nature Reserve Dalai Lake Nature Reserve Wudalianchi Yading Nature Reserve Foping Nature Reserve Heilongjiang Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve Guangdong Chebaling Nature Reserve Guangdong Fengkai Heishiding Nature Reserve as of the end of 20 10, There are 2,035 nature reserves managed by forestry system, with a total area of 65,438+24 million hectares, accounting for 12.89% of the total area. At the end of the year, there were 48,800 nature reserves in China, with a total area of15,880 hectares.