The embodiment of great convenience, wisdom and compassion. We might as well make a simple analysis and comparison of the social and cultural background of China and India at that time, and it is not difficult to see the mystery.
In fact, no matter from which aspect, the Ganges civilization in ancient India, especially in the exploration and thinking of life itself and the truth of the universe, is far higher than that in contemporary China, and almost the whole society advocates it.
And respect for those who practice monasticism in order to explore the truth, as well as their various attempts and efforts, and even some behaviors are extremely bizarre and absurd on the whole, but on the whole, this is remarkable.
The tolerance and understanding of the outside world is just like the support and encouragement of scientific and technological innovation by societies all over the world today. In ancient India, we simply explored the external objective natural world, ignoring the existence foundation and harmony of life itself.
The philosophical view on the relationship between objective phenomena of perception is a standard heresy of "taking the law from outside the heart". The Buddha predicted that this heresy would prevail in the last days of France.
This can be seen from the "Brahman" caste class itself, which was at the top of the rather strict caste system in Indian society at that time, offering sacrifices to gods and explaining the knowledge of world outlook and outlook on life to the society: society is universal.
They fear the gods, generally advocate spiritual and ideological cultivation, and respect knowledge. Even the king who is in a dominant position in secular society should obey such a professional theocracy and spiritual agent class and obtain
Their recognition, otherwise its legitimacy will be questioned, and the imperial ruling class, that is, the second caste system, that is, the "Khshatrili" caste, was only equivalent to a social manager at that time, which was in India.
It is recorded in history and Buddhist scriptures. Of course, this view stems from the author's own infatuation with the spiritual world, ignorance, persistence and nostalgia for such a society. There will be other different opinions from all sides, and the author is willing to do so.
Accept, after all, the world is colorful and changeable. Although there is great inequality in such a society, on the other hand, it is for those who really explore the ultimate truth of life itself and the universe.
As well as their study and monastic life, provides a very beneficial social environment.
According to Buddhist scriptures, at that time, there were more than 100 sects in India besides orthodox Brahmanism, including Buddhism, of which 96 were 1 10. It can be fully seen from this point.
At that time, the pursuit of spiritual cultivation and Tao in Indian society was so encouraging and inclusive. These scholars and sects have had a large-scale debate with other sects on their respective Taoist thoughts, which is unprecedented.
Spectacular, historical records show that the Buddha conquered many heresies through his eloquent wisdom, especially in the debate on the dominant Brahman spiritual leader class, and finally established the status of Buddhism and gained the society.
It is recognized that moderate and argumentative Indians have their own unique national wisdom. Later, Master Xuanzang of China also obtained religious leaders and kings in this way, down to ordinary people.
Not admiration and complete recognition.
This humanistic spirit has continued to this day. According to textual research, there are countless gods worshipped by Indian society from ancient times to the present, ranging from 10000 to 100000. Incredibly, almost one person, or
A small group of several people can create and worship a god. In India, all kinds of strange gods, temples and miracles abound. I'm afraid that 654.38+ ten thousand gods can't stop because they haven't done it.
According to statistics, all kinds of ascetic monks can be seen everywhere in the streets, and they are universally respected. This spectacular totem worship culture is enough to show how much it advocates spiritual realm and ideology.
The sublimation and cultivation of a wise nation. Without such rich social and humanistic conditions as the soil and foundation of enlightenment, it is difficult to breed the Buddha and his teaching methods.
It is said that even a very low caste, once it decides to get rid of worldly troubles and go to the mountains for penance, will be tolerated by the already strict caste system society at that time. Especially after the Buddha created his monk group, there was no more.
Being magnanimous and merciful, it has withstood tremendous pressure and obstruction from all aspects of society and absorbed the "untouchables" and "untouchables" at the bottom, also known as "untouchables", which is one of the four levels of Indian caste system.
Classes outside India accounted for about a quarter of India's population at the beginning of the 20th century. The earliest "untouchables" were those who were considered the most unclean in the fourth-level sudra, such as slaughtering, tanning, burying and cleaning.
Therefore, they are regarded as unclean. They can't live in a village with non-untouchables, can't fetch water from public wells, can't take public roads, and can't look up at non-untouchables. Among them are prostitutes, dung diggers, and
Criminals who are about to be executed are the object of education, making them "arhats" with great liberation achievements.
Every time I think about it, I am very moved. In the period of modern Mahatma Gandhi, he paid a great price for resisting and abolishing this "caste system". It is conceivable that the Buddha's position in human history is so bad.
In the dark age of caste society, what incredible extraordinary efforts have been made and what incredible pressures have been endured. All this is of course due to the incredible wisdom and compassion of the Buddha.
But sometimes.
Our society advocates and respects some humanistic foundations of monks, and the birth of Buddha is also based on "one big reason" to come to this world of "five turbid and evil worlds" to change all beings.
This is very different from China, which is dominated by the Han nationality. It is hard to imagine that there will be such a large-scale and diversified public activity of academic thoughts and theories in China under the rule of imperial power and centralization. Rulers and emperors of China.
Both Wang and Wang are called "sons of heaven", that is to say, their superego thinks itself to be "heaven", or at least represents "heaven", they are "Tao", at least equal to "Tao", and they have always regarded party formation as disobedience.
It is difficult to tolerate crime. Putting forward political opinions in the form of "nepotism" is a huge political risk, even life-threatening, for China people. Although the princes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period all had their own numerous guests,
Counselors, some monarchs actually have thousands of people, but don't forget that these intellectuals and thinkers are called "diners", which is a derogatory term with a very contemptuous and unequal meaning. okay
It's like keeping a watchdog. It can be seen that the status of China intellectuals is only a very practical tool for the rulers, and the word "door" of this "public guest" has many words, that is to say, which team are you on?
Yes, which political power line belongs to which power figure. The ideological system you have studied and cultivated must not exist as an independent spiritual thought outside the orthodox centralized rule, because that is the emperor.
The experience of kings and rulers is like a fisherman scolding Confucius-"Don't ask for trouble if you do too much?" Zhuangzi. Fisherman. In fact, just because China worships kingship doesn't mean they don't believe in God. They believe not only in God, but also in many gods. The difference is that in order to seek Tao and explore the spiritual world, Indians set up various gods to worship.
On the contrary, in order to satisfy people's realistic desires and interests, China people worship and worship all kinds of "secular gods" created according to their own personalities and needs. The most incredible.
It is a large-scale "God of Wealth Belief" unique to China folk tradition in the world. When China pays New Year greetings during the Spring Festival, the most cordial greeting people say to each other is "Congratulations on getting rich". Every wedding, funeral and festival
Birthday eve, birthday commemoration, etc. People send and receive red envelopes filled with cash to each other, which is the extreme inferiority of human nature.
In addition to all kinds of gods of wealth, there are door gods, kitchen gods, flower gods, foxes, snakes and immortals in the secular world. It is said that there is a god in the toilet. In addition, there are Zhong Kui, Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, Guan Gong, Qin Qiong and other historical celebrities and heroes.
All the evolved immortals, even a loyal Guan Gong, were nicknamed "Wu Caishen", which was created in response to people's realistic desire and pursuit of money and fame. Everything depends on "money", one
Give priority to "economic construction". Therefore, Guanyin Bodhisattva will be given a special new status by the people of China, namely "Guanyin Bodhisattva". Such as Confucius Temple, Confucius Temple, etc. Originally used to educate the people, it was dedicated to the sage Confucius.
Temple places, places with different ideas, for many years, every time the senior high school entrance examination, even civil servants' recruitment, professional promotion, incense is super prosperous, but usually empty, the door is empty. If a god said to the people of China:
The world is bitter, empty, impermanent, phantom, etc. I'm afraid no one will come to pay homage. As long as you have as many desires, there are as many corresponding gods in China, but there is never one in China.
God of desire.
Looking back at history, there will always be people who cheat the world and steal fame with various tricks under the guise of God's will in order to maximize their respective power and political interests.
Dahua, such historical cases are numerous, so from this perspective, it is no wonder that all emperors are afraid of religion and social group activities such as the formation of political parties. China has been extremely realistic and utilitarian since ancient times.
Everything should be centered on practical interests. As long as it works, then anything, anyone and any means can be used, even if you are a god, you must listen to my command.
China, which was in the same period as the Buddha's era, was in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period when feudal lords were fighting for hegemony, and various social and political forces were changing. Since ancient times, the deification worship of emperors has been passed down, leading to
Society and people's subconscious worship and fascination with power, China has never had, and it is impossible to have, a spiritual leader class that specializes in gods and theoretical knowledge like the Indian "Brahman" caste, not only
China, even any country and nation in the world, is a unique social and cultural phenomenon, which emerged as a whole class and was passed down from generation to generation.
From beginning to end, China was more willing to believe in and worship the "sage" of kingship with absolute ruling power than the "god" of heaven, which made the boundary between truth and rights sometimes vague and difficult to judge, making
China people have become super pragmatic and believe in the position of power. It's not that China people don't know the truth, but that the realistic China people lack the courage and confidence to pursue the truth. China's so-called intellectuals, thinkers, artists, craftsmen and the world.
Outsiders, hermits, etc. From the beginning, it was in a secondary subordinate position. In the 5,000-year history of civilization, where can the names of designers and builders be found in those solidified poems-beautiful China architecture? Thought and knowledge
Knowledge, culture and art, witch doctors and craftsmen. , have become concubines in history, and even a bitch in history. "Everything is inferior, only reading is high", and the fundamental purpose of reading is to become famous, be an official and be glorious.
Ancestors performed the functions entrusted by the patriarchal clan system, while being an official only followed the main line of interests of power and was used by the royal power and the ruling class. In this seemingly fascinating country, intellectuals and ideas
Home, technical experts are naturally used at the same time, they are also whipped. People have no illusions about what will happen after 2009, which is determined by China's cultural genes. Of course, we don't expect gene mutation.
The history of China always seems to be on the side of kingship. In the ancient World War I, Wang Dayu, who happened at that time, ended in the failure of the * * * workers who were in charge of national technology and intellectuals. It is said that he walked along Bashan and Shu.
Water, fleeing to the west, brought a large number of skilled craftsmen to the west of Eurasia, until North Africa and the Mediterranean, and finally took root and multiplied in ancient Egypt. [It may also include the Indian subcontinent. Is the Buddha Aryan, or
The yellow race also has academic research. According to the research results of Professor Gong Yuhai, who studied the strange man in The Classic of Mountains and Seas, Chiyou, who was defeated by the Yellow Emperor, was also portrayed as a demon, so that people seldom thought about it.
There is such an ancient figure, not to mention his possible contribution to human development, and historians of history have consistently described such an intellectual leader as a heinous super demon. "The winner is king, and the loser is kou.
Kou's extreme pragmatism and secularism obscured the original light of truth and justice, and naturally obliterated the "law of cause and effect" advocated by the Buddha. Buddha said: all beings will do all kinds of evil if they can't see the past life and the next life. This is China.
The "black hole" is the most worthy of reflection, because China people (of course, human beings have such weaknesses, but China people have such a deep-rooted traditional concept) seem to know the cost of failure clearly and realistically. No matter you
Are you a rogue, a local ruffian or a treacherous villain? As long as you win, history belongs to you. For example, Liu Bang, Zhu Yuanzhang and other Han emperors belong to such despicable people, but what about people?
The scholar is more cursing and laughing at Xiang Yu, honest and frank, brave and good at fighting for only one reason: he is a loser. This is also rare in the history of India and the western world. In China, as long as you have external power and interests.
If you succeed and win, you will have everything, and you can even fantasize that you are the spokesman of truth. You are everything. From the Yellow Emperor, Dayu, Qin Shihuang and even Mao Zedong, secular China people have absolute secular power over these.
The worship of kings is far higher than the worship and awe of nature, heaven and gods.
Even today in the 20th-2nd/Kloc-0th century, we can still see that from the hero worship in the era of idealism and romanticism to the pan-market economy and pan-materialism today, we have lost our spiritual belief and turned to "science".
Replacing the blank of spiritual belief with "religion", "fetishism" and "money worship" will naturally lead to a lot of ugly phenomena, such as abusing power for personal gain, trading power and money, collusion between officials and businessmen, and the rule of man above the rule of law, social justice and social trust.
National justice is difficult to satisfy public opinion. People are too superstitious about secular and realistic interpersonal relationships. The essence of interpersonal relationship is all kinds of power relations and interest relations. There is no axiomatic standard for judging right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness.
Perhaps it can be said that this is a special stage of China's development, and it is also a stage of sorting out the classics. We can look at the road of reform in the past 30 years, especially when some self-proclaimed last leaders of the party were in power, corruption was rampant.
Line, formalism, environmental damage, unsustainable development, social atmosphere corruption, what's more, those who are mercenary and unscrupulous in making fake and shoddy food are directly related to and endanger people's lives and
Drugs, to the point where they are available everywhere.
Professors are like stars, stars are like professors, and entrepreneurs are like gods, but gods become entrepreneurs. Vulgarity has become noble culture, and noble culture has become vulgar garbage, which is a large-scale poison of giant enterprises.
Milk, fake drugs, Sudan Red, fake egg, and even fake officials (buying and selling officials), fake diplomas, fake ID cards and so on. , that is, "everything is centered on economic construction" and centered on money and interests. The criteria for judging everyone's success are only
Secular people who have the right to be rich and colorful only judge houses and cars, tickets and children. If there is no bottom line of conscience, then such extreme pragmatism is the beginning of destruction, and it is impossible for China people to fully mobilize their talents.
In this direction of national fraud, even such evil deeds will become a habit. Can laws and systems be solved? What's going on here? Is it just a simple social management problem? Why is it in a remote and inaccessible place?
Tibetan areas, even some backward countries in Africa, and those Islamic countries, where people do not make fakes or rarely make fakes, are they not so mad? Because they believe that there are just eyes of Buddha, Bodhisattva and God all the time.
Watching them will punish them, and it is their daily habit to be a kind and honest person.
A mercenary society without spiritual belief can be imagined as terrible. Even Laozi, the founder of Taoism, who is exactly the same as Buddhism in essence, has to be a small "historian"
Now in the secular society. Other thinkers in hundred schools of thought, except Zhuangzi, a Taoist, occasionally gave advice and random enlightenment to some monarchs and ministers under certain circumstances, all of them were utilitarian in different degrees.
Rent-seeking, peddling one's own ideas and political opinions of governing the country, and realizing one's "lofty ideals" and "political revenge" in the world of assisting the state and leftist politics will eventually fall into the tragic ending of a life-and-death power struggle.
Confucius' Confucianism was praised and used by emperors out of context nearly a thousand years after Confucius' death, and "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" became a school that paralyzed people's thoughts and spirits.
Therefore, the worship of kingship under the centralized rule in society reached its peak, and it was integrated into the deep genes of society and even history and culture. This may also be a balance, or it may be the result of "Tao is natural".
When Confucius was alive, his thoughts were ridiculed and rejected by all aspects of society, which made him feel humiliated and poor like a lost dog. The author thinks that Confucius is an enlightened sage.
He just used this angle and style to popularize the knowledge and thoughts of all beings. In China, at best, it can only be used by rulers and kingship, and it is very rare to get universal respect, but the mysterious "Tao" of metaphysics and the "bitter emptiness" of Buddhism are impermanent
It is even more impossible to publicize and spread "emptiness, emptiness". If the Buddha was born in China, the best result imaginable is not as good as that of Confucius, and even the teaching method of the Buddha may be the same.
Mohist thought, like theory, is slowly forgotten until it dies. Mohism's equality thought of "non-aggression" is very similar to Buddhism itself. Even now in the 2 1 century, whenever it comes to "Chinese studies", there is only "Confucianism"
Learn ",other schools of thought contend who also have problems and? The whole society is unconscious and aphasia. A society with only one thought is "stable" and "stability is overwhelming". However, in terms of Confucian ethics,
Paying attention to the formalism of "foreign minister", artificial social order norms, and powerful thoughts of fame and fortune (all tampered with by the emperor and some jesters to consolidate their respective rule) are of course very beneficial to the rulers, even to Buddhism.
I can't get rid of it. After the Song Dynasty, a great deal of tampering with Neo-Confucianism and asceticism made Buddhism rigid in China (perhaps it was a convenient method of Buddhism, which was suitable for China's national conditions). The world is probably most afraid of the power of thought.
China, because they clearly see the power of this thing, and at present, China is probably the most thoughtless country. Talking about "ideological emancipation" and "scientific and technological innovation" is nothing more than loving Long Zhixin.
The soil is certainly not suitable for the birth and early growth of such a great sage, nor for his teaching methods.
It is no accident that such a historical and cultural background has created a society. It is absolutely impossible to be an open and free-thinking society, and all thoughts will be bound by a centralized thinking mode.
Only with the interests and wishes of the rulers will we change from one mode of thinking to another, and we will never have transcendental political wisdom and ideological civilization. All this makes China's thinkers very embarrassed.
Reaching the realm of Buddha with true spirit, it completely transcends the secular world and has a strong power of practice and education.
Having said that, we have to thank Laozi, Zhuangzi's Taoism and other hundred schools of thought's thoughts, as well as Confucius' diligent education for the people of China, which laid a spiritual and intellectual foundation for such an extremely pragmatic China.
Fat. "This has opened up a broad and fertile social and cultural soil for the later' peerless' Buddhism to take root and spread in China society for a long time with compassion and convenience. As the Buddha said: One Buddha comes out.
The world is protected by thousands of buddhas.
On the other hand, China's social humanistic model also has an advantage, that is, once some things and ideas they think are accepted by some emperors and ruling classes, they will assume their own super powers.
The influence of profit spreads rapidly and profoundly from top to bottom, that is, "concentrate on doing great things", which is a good place to transplant ideas. When Buddhism was officially introduced into China, it was also the Han Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who dreamed of gold at night.
Start from top to bottom. So he sent cultural envoys to Tianzhu (ancient India) to get Buddhist scriptures. In the 11th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 69), Emperor Hanming invited Indian monks from the Western Regions to Kyoto to take photos of Morten and Zhu Falan.
Luoyang built the White Horse Temple; This is the beginning of the construction of Buddhist temples in China. This year, Mo Teng and Zhu Falan came to Wutai Mountain, and they learned about the holy land. They immediately took a fancy to the geomantic omen of Wutai Mountain, and told Emperor Hanming to break the civil temple here and unveil the five giant buddhas.
The first page of China's history also began the history of Sino-Indian Buddhist cultural exchange. Later, during the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were Buddhist believers of the imperial class, as well as many eminent monks and great virtues from India. now
The most famous one in a generation, Liang Wudi, the founder of Indian Buddhism, came to China from Wan Li, not far from Wan Li, until Master Xuanzang went to India to learn Buddhist scriptures in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Many emperors had their own social and political interests and many other considerations.
Believing in Buddhism in the face of demand, the spread and promotion of Buddhism in China reached its peak.
It is worth noting that the most powerful dynasties in China's history, or early dynasties, were all related to nomadic people, such as the Qin Dynasty, the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the incomparably vast Yuan Dynasty, and the Kanggan of the Qing Dynasty, which unified China.
In the prosperous times, except the Qin dynasty, several other prosperous dynasties believed in Buddhism and educated the people with Buddhism as the state religion. Roughly observing several dynasties ruled by the Han nationality, they were all developed in science and technology and fine in craftsmanship.
Zhan and merchants prevailed in Song and Ming Dynasties, but these dynasties were full of political intrigue, cruel power struggle added a lot of sinister and darkness, and there were more means to rule the people.
"Creativity" and more exquisite technical methods.
Most interestingly, it is worth mentioning that contemporary people know that Marxism, even from a completely different western ideological civilization system, is carried forward in China and constantly follows the will of modern rulers.
Interpret and carry forward. This so-called "dialectical materialism", like today's "scientism" and "fetishism", has long been judged as a standard "monk heresy" in the Buddha's time, and it is predicted that by 2500.
After the end of the French period, it will become popular and have a broad "market".
It is not difficult to see that Buddhism in China was also selectively served by some emperors and ruling classes for their political purposes to some extent, which of course had nothing to do with Buddhism itself, especially in the Song Dynasty, when they studied under Zhu Cheng.
Learning misinterprets and uses Buddhism selectively, so that since the Song Dynasty, Buddhism in China has been secularized, polytheistic and superstitious to a great extent, which is far from the true meaning of Buddhism. Perhaps it is the compassion of my Buddha and the wisdom and convenience of transforming the East.
The soil is raw.
In today's market economy society of 2 1 century, for the sake of fame and fortune, there are many places of interest, such as burning incense and worshipping Buddha. What's more, some cultural representations of Buddhism are used as carriers to collect money, and the copper smell permeates China once again.
It embodies the inferiority of extreme pragmatism in China culture, and provides a strong growth soil and development space for all kinds of heresy, especially "breaking heresy". Now the Buddha has done the same thing in China.
In order to predict, seeing the relevant records in the above Buddhist scriptures has to make people feel sad and helpless about the ignorance of the world. And all this, as well as the "origin" advocated by the Buddha,
"Bitter emptiness", "impermanence of life and death" and "silent nirvana" have nothing to do with the "worldly birth laws" such as the four saints, the eight right paths and the twelve causes.
Comparing the social and cultural environment of ancient China and India, India believes in "theocracy" and attaches importance to spiritual cultivation; China believed in "kingship" and attached importance to practicality. In India and even the west (Italy, Spain, etc. ), what can you do
The most amazing, exquisite and beautiful buildings we see are all related to God, so people can dedicate them to God. For example, Hindu temples in India, Bodhgaya stupa, and the precepts set by Ashoka for Buddha.
Prayer columns, St. Paul's Cathedral in Rome, Notre Dame de Florence, Notre Dame de Paris, and so on. In China, most of the world-famous monuments are power politics and people's kings, such as Purple.
The Forbidden City, the Imperial Tomb, the Mausoleum, the Great Wall and so on. Indians leave the best and most important land of geomantic omen to immortals, while China people leave it to emperors, dignitaries and the dead. China people's red, white and life-and-death ceremonies are nothing.
Compared with secular superstition, the feelings of sadness and joy are all clamoring for heaven and earth, while those in the west and India are more obvious. Birth, illness, death, and reproduction are all sacred beyond the world, so that they are ordinary and quiet. You can see waves on the Ganges.
Bodies, the "camel forest" where corpses were dumped, all kinds of cremation, celestial burial and water burial, and the dying old people (as well as practitioners and monks) on both sides of the Henghe River all show this solemnity and nature.
China people can't and can't do it with cultural and social consciousness and customs. It is difficult for China people to face life and death and life itself naturally and calmly, looking for the medicine of immortality from Qin Shihuang and the refining device evolved from Taoism.
Alchemy is to seek an external way to pray (there is also an internal way to practice alchemy), not to know the truth from the inner life wisdom itself.
Seeing the folk festivals in China is related to life and secular needs. Of course, it is inseparable from the laws of heaven and earth to a great extent, but it is rarely seen that it is related to any god, except Buddha, because it is Polish culture, but it has not entered an important law.
Festivals can't be compared with Christmas in western seasonal civilization, Eid al-Fitr in Islam, Dawari and Holi in Hinduism, Vesak in Southern Buddhism countries in Southeast Asia such as Thailand. The biggest Spring Festival is actually being with people's self.
My own folk needs are related to God, but not to God. Of course, there are many gods in the Spring Festival, but they are all human benefits.
If Buddhism happened in India and has the sacred color of secular spirit, then its development in China has its ordinary appearance in the world. We can also understand why the Buddhist culture in China has been contaminated with many secular colors from another angle, which may be the ingenuity and convenience provided by the Buddha for the transformation of the world in the East.
The Buddha chose this way and this place to be born in the five turbulent worlds in South China, all in order to humanize all sentient beings with the greatest convenience and restriction. This choice makes India conducive to the emergence and development of Buddhism.
Bibi is the best breeding base, and then transplanted to this vast and fertile land of China, so that it can grow better and maximize all beings, which also reflects the incredible kindness of the Buddha from another angle
Sadness and wisdom. I can't thank you enough to repay you.