The second possibility is that Sima Qian was implicated in the Ren 'an case and was beheaded in the city by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. At that time, there was a struggle in the imperial court, so Ren An was involved. By the time Sima Qian turned around and sent his Letter to Ren An to prison, Ren An had been beheaded. After Ren 'an was beheaded, the jailer found Sima Qian's letter when he searched the cell, and presented it to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. This letter expressed his anger and dissatisfaction with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. After reading it, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty flew into a rage when he saw so much resentment in the letter. In addition, some people took the opportunity to falsely accuse Sima Qian and Ren An of being companions and good friends, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Sima Qian to be put in prison and beheaded in the city. So, it seems that the letter to Ren An caused the trouble. In fact, why didn't Sima Qian know what a letter to Ren An would bring? Sima Qian is not unaware that Ren An, as a prisoner on death row, may never see this letter. Sima Qian is not unaware that this letter may become an open letter, because the dissatisfaction he vented in the letter will lead to disaster, which Sima Qian is very clear about. But he can't help but say, because when he finished the masterpiece Historical Records, the disaster was insignificant to him. In addition, he chose to write to his friends who were in trouble with him, and he chose to write to his friends, announcing the completion of Historical Records to the world. This is a struggle in itself, which is a great comfort to his friends and even to their souls after death.
The third possibility is that Sima Qian was executed collectively and innocently in Chang 'an Prison after he was imprisoned again. What happened? According to "History of the Han Dynasty, Xuandi Ji", when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty knew the letter to Ren 'an, he saw that there were many complaints in the letter, so he arrested Sima Qian and called Yushitai to discuss the crime, that is to say, he would not be sentenced to death or discuss the crime. During the period of talking about his sin, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was seriously ill soon. If there is a wizard, show him Feng Shui. Then the wizard told Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, who is the son of heaven in Chang 'an prison? I don't know, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered that all prisoners in prison, regardless of their severity, should be put to death. It is recorded in history that all the prisoners in Chang 'an were killed at one time, so Sima Qian was killed by the collective innocently, and a generation of historians died like this. This is the third possibility.
The fourth possibility is that Sima Qian is dead. In fact, historical data can't completely prove that Sima Qian was killed. Sima Qian's suicide is just a guess. In the absence of historical data, he can only be regarded as a normal death. Sima Qian lived about 60 years old and died. After the completion of Historical Records, he passed away quietly. His life ended in exchange for the birth of Historical Records. His death left a historical mystery, but his works erected a historical monument.