Archaeological excavation operation steps
Archaeological excavation is a very detailed work, which needs to be carried out according to certain steps. The following are the steps of archaeological excavation:
1. Determine the excavation area.
The determination of excavation area is the first step of archaeological excavation, which needs to be comprehensively considered according to historical documents, topography, site distribution and other factors. After determining the excavation area, it is necessary to carry out detailed exploration and measurement and formulate the excavation plan.
Clean up the topsoil
After determining the excavation area, it is necessary to clean the topsoil first to facilitate the subsequent excavation work. Cleaning topsoil requires the use of shovels, shovels and other tools to maintain the integrity of the soil layer as much as possible.
Step 3: Hierarchical mining.
Excavation layer by layer is the core work of archaeological excavation, which needs to be excavated according to different soil layers. In the process of excavation, tools such as shovels and knives are needed to keep the integrity of cultural relics as much as possible.
4. Recording and marking
In the process of excavation, it is necessary to record and mark each cultural relic, including its position, shape, size, material and other information. Recording and marking need to use professional archaeological tools and equipment.
Clean up cultural relics
In the process of excavation, it is necessary to clean up cultural relics, including removing dirt and dirt on the surface. Cleaning cultural relics requires the use of professional cleaning tools and chemical reagents.
6. Identification and classification
After the cultural relics are cleaned, they need to be identified and classified. Identification and classification need to be comprehensively considered according to the characteristics, materials and times of cultural relics.
7. Preservation and protection
Cultural relics need to be preserved and protected after identification and classification. The preservation and protection of cultural relics need to take professional measures, including moistureproof, anti-corrosion and anti-theft.
Archaeological excavation site of Baling of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty
Baling, the Emperor of China, located in Lintong District, Xi, Shaanxi Province, is one of the largest and most well-preserved imperial tombs in the history of China. Since 20 16, archaeologists have carried out a series of archaeological excavations on Wendi Baling.
During the excavation, archaeologists discovered a large number of cultural relics and relics, including pottery, bronze, jade and gold. Among them, the most striking one is a bronze carriage, which is about 1.5m long, 1.2m wide and 0.8m high, with realistic modeling and exquisite craftsmanship.
According to archaeologists, this bronze carriage was a palace article in the period of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, which was used by the emperor when he was on patrol. The discovery of bronze carriage provides valuable information for the study of court life and transportation in Han Dynasty.
In addition to bronze wagons, archaeologists also found a large number of cultural relics and relics such as pottery, bronzes and jade articles. These cultural relics and remains provide important information for studying the society, economy and culture of the Han Dynasty.