Taoism originated from wizards who predicted good and bad luck in Yin and Shang Dynasties. When the Han Dynasty became emperor (32-7 years ago), alchemist Gan Zhong combined the Taoist theories of Huangdi and Laozi (collectively called Huang Lao) with the specific contents of Confucian prophecies, and made Tianguanli and Baoyuan Taiping Jing. The appearance and spread of Taiping Jing marked the formation of Taoism. Taoism was formed in the Warring States Period. Zou Yan, a Qi person, explained the "immortal prescription" and "alchemy" with the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, and this "immortal alchemist" gradually became a Taoist. There are many schools of Taoism, and two schools have existed for a long time. One is "Shi Tian Daoism" founded by Zhang Daoling (34- 156), also known as orthodox school, orthodox school and Yin and Yang school. You can eat meat and get married; 2. Wang Zhongyang (1kloc-0/65438-1kloc-0/70), a native of Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, founded the Quanzhen School, called a Taoist, who lived in a Taoist temple and wore a bun. Taoist temple was founded in the second year of Emperor Wu Feng (109). The palace said to Emperor Wu, "Your Majesty can regard it as a city and keep the dates. "。 Immortals can live in a good building if they make it suitable.' Therefore, Chang 'an was appointed as the concept of reputation, honesty and laurel, while Ganquan was appointed as the concept of basin life extension. Make your festival based on a face waiting for God "(Historical Records? The Book of Meditation).
When the Taoist temple in Xinglong Mountain originated, there is no accurate written record. According to Wu Zongxian, a Taoist priest, Xinglong Mountain has a biography of immortals, saying that there was a temple in Xinglong Mountain when Zhang Daoling preached in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Another way of saying this is that it began in the Jin Dynasty. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, incense was at its peak, and it was called "a blessed paradise" (Notes on Yun Qi). In the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 70 Taoist temples and nearly 1,000 houses. The order is arranged from top to bottom according to the level of "God". Dongfeng has a virtual emperor hall, dedicated to the virtual emperor Daojun (Yuan Shi Tian Zun); Jade Emperor Hall, dedicated to the Jade Emperor; General Hall, dedicated to Yang; Taibai spring, worship Taibai Venus; Sanguan Temple, dedicated to the first deity in Taoism, that is, celestial officials, local officials and water officials; Three religious caves dedicated to Kong Qiu, Sakyamuni and Li Er; The Temple of the Infinite Patriarch, dedicated to the Infinite Taihua Buddha; Laojunmiao, dedicated to Li Er; Sun Zhenren Temple, dedicated to Sun Buer (female, static school), the seventh disciple of Wang Zhongyang; Niangniang Temple, worshiping the ancient Wei road of Tianzhu people; Lingguan Temple should be dedicated to Wang Shan, the god official in Beijing, while Xinglong Mountain is Zhao Gongming in the Romance of Gods. Close the temple and worship Guan Yu, a martyr of loyalty, filial piety and righteousness; Mountain cave, worship Candle dragon; Longwang Temple is dedicated to Ao Guang, the legendary god in charge of precipitation; Mixed yuan pavilion, offering sacrifices to Lingbao Tianzun; Doum Palace, dedicated to the mother-daughter god of the Big Dipper-"Congenital Doum Sheng Da Yuan Jun", also known as Ming Dow Garden Mother Tianzun (namely Doum and the Big Dipper); Leizu Temple worships Taiyi Lei, which should be turned into a Buddha. It is also said that all the days picketed the high-ranking officials (also known as the wife of the Yellow Emperor, mistaken for it); Shouxing Temple (called the Temple by the abbot of the female Taoist) is dedicated to the immortals of the Antarctic, and is called the Antarctic real person. Sanqing Hall, dedicated to the statue of Qing Weiyuan in Qing Dynasty, the statue of Yu Yutian Lingbao in Shangqing, and the moral statue of Taiqing's Dachi Tiandao; The main hall of Qizhen Temple is dedicated to seven disciples of Wang Zhongyang: Ma Yu (later Yu Kai School), Tan Chuduan (Nantian School), Liu Chuxuan (Suishan School), Qiu Nianji (Longmen School), Wang Chuyi (Yishan School), Hao Datong (Huashan School) and Sun Buer (female, clean school); On the east and west sides of the temple, Zhang Borui, Shi Xinglin, Xue Daoguang, Chenniwan, and the five ancestors of Nanzong, Wang,,, Liu Haichan,; Lingguan Hall, worship Wang Shan; Erxian Cave is dedicated to Qin Zhitong and Li Zhixiang; Sansheng Cave worships Xuanyuan, Cang Xie and Wenchang; Worship Lv Dongbin in Yuan Dynasty; Qiu Zuge worships Changchun real person Qiu Chuji; Land shrine enshrines land; Dongyue Temple in Beifeng is dedicated to Dongyue the Great, and it is called Dongyue Tianqi Rensheng Emperor, also known as Dongyue Tianqi Emperor, Dongyue Taishan Jun and Bangdu Emperor. Save the temple of suffering, offering sacrifices to Taiyi to save the suffering Buddha; There are also Six Cao Dian, Ten Kings Dian, Baiyun Temple, Wulong Dian, God of Wealth Temple and so on. At the bottom of the valley, there is a general temple dedicated to "Ten Heavenly Kings": Dong Fangyu Baodi Heavenly King, Zhen Xuan Wanfu Heavenly King, Xijimiao Heavenly King, North Xuanshang Chen Yu Heavenly King, Northeast E-commerce Heavenly King, Southeast Female Heavenly King, Southwest Taiying Xu Huang Heavenly King, Northwest Infinite Taihua Heavenly King, Jade Xuming Heavenly King, True Emperor Cave Heavenly King and Mixed Ancestor.
There are four schools of Taoism, among which Zhendao and his wife declined in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, leaving only Quanzhen and Zhengyi schools. Quanzhen School pointed out that Taoist priests took Wang Zhongyang as their ancestor. There is a school of Taoist priests, commonly known as Shi Tiandao, who took Zhang Daoling as their founder. In the eighth year of Yuan Chengzong Dade (1304), timur, Borzykin named Zhang Yucai, the second son of Zhang Zongyin (the 38th generation Shi Tian) as the "founder of Zhengyi". From then on, "Shitian Road" is also called Zheng Yijiao and Zhengyi Road. Generally, you don't have hair, you can eat meat and get married. They are mainly engaged in fasting, chanting, doing Dojo and watching geomantic omen, acupuncturing to soothe the nerves and predicting good or bad luck.
Taoist temples in Xinglong Mountain are all presided over by Quanzhen Taoist priests. There was no examination before the Tang Dynasty, and Qin Zhitong and Li Zhixiang were the first17th generation of Quanzhen School in the Song Dynasty. Its generations are as follows: cherish the truth, combine Tao with inaction, nourish the element and keep silent, protect the light and draw harmony, cause emptiness and yang, and bear honor.
During the reign of Qing Qianlong and Jiaqing, the1/generation disciple of Wei Liu Quanzhen Longmen Sect (Longmen Sect was founded by disciple Qiu Chuji). Its generations are as follows: Virtue is mysterious and quiet, reason is always too clear, the sun comes to copy, teaching is always bright, sincere, lofty and prosperous, the world is Jing Rong, self-adaptive, righteous and self-cultivation, Yun Sheng Hui, Huang Gui is in the great Xuan, the Eucharist is hard to practice, the emptiness is dry and the lotus is precious.
The disciples of Quanzhen Longmen Sect in Xinglong Mountain 12 generation are Feng, Kang Yangquan, Zhang, Ma Yangjian, Liu, Li Yangxin, Li, Zi Yanghe, Li Yangguan and Ren Yanggu. 13 represents Tang Laixiu, Wei Laicheng, Jia Laibin and Liu Laiqing; 14 generations are Wei Fulin and Guo Fuxiang; 15 generations are Wang Benxian and Liang Benzhong; On behalf of Da, Zeng, Yang Heheng, Peng Hezhen, Zhu, Yang, Ma Hezhen and Wang Hexing; 17 generations are Jin, Sun Jiaolin, Li Jiaoyuan, Luo Jiaorong, Duan Jiaoshun, Li Jiaohui, Zhou Jiaocheng, Li Jiaozhen and Shi Jiaoxi; 18 generations are Kang Yonghui, Yang Yongqing, Yang Yongrui and Ji Yongchang respectively; 19 generations are Liu, Yu Yuanji, Jiao, Zhao Yuanshan, Ma Yuanhai, Ren Yuanshun, Jiang, Zeng, Zhang Yuanshan and Zhou respectively; 20th generation, Wang, Feng, Zhao Mingcheng, Yang Mingfu, Hu Mingqing, Ding Mingzhen; 2 1 generation is Li Zhibi and Li Zhizhong; The 22nd generation is Zhao Lichen, Pei,,, Feng Liquan and; The 23rd generation is Zhang Zongren, Liu and Zhang; The 24th generation is Yong Chengren, Kang He; The 25th generation is Yue Xinqing.
1935 Ye Chao, the county magistrate, established Xinglong Mountain Taoist Association. Feng Yongquan of Dongyuetai is a Taoist priest, and there are four "patrol photos", namely Yang of Niangniang Temple, Chen of Bodhisattva Temple, Yan of Ersendai and Zhang Zongren of Taibaiquan, totaling more than 60 people. 195 1 year, there were 52 Taoist priests in Xinglong Mountain, and the land and livestock were divided during the land reform. 1952 Ge Mingying was the president. 1954, Taoist in Xinglong Mountain set up a production team, and Taibaiquan Zhang Zongren was the president of Taoist Association. 1956, there were 40 Taoist priests and 40 Taoist priests 1 person. Zhang Zongren is not only the president of Xinglong Mountain, but also the director of the Chinese Taoist Association, and Jin Linan is the instrument of the association. 1957, there were 4 1 Taoist priests, and 38 people actually lived in the mountains. 1958 There are 40 Taoist priests living in the mountains. 1959 The abbot of Sendai, Yan Hewei, served as the president until 1963. 1969, Taoist priests repaired temples and caves, and made statues of mountain gods such as Guan Yu, Guan Xing and Zhou Cang. 1990, there were seven Taoist nuns living in Quanzhen Longmen Sect. Yue Xinqing, the 25th generation successor of Quanzhen Longmen School, is a director of Gansu Taoist Association. In addition, there are about 10 Taoists and Taoists living in Xinglong Mountain. According to the doctrine, Taoist priests in Xinglong Mountain mainly read classics; Followed by studying medicine (Chinese medicine, acupuncture), collecting herbs and refining wax pills; Practicing martial arts again (including Qigong and Wushu). Different from other Taoists, all Taoists are self-reliant. In the fifty-five years of Qing Qianlong (1790), Liu bought 66 mu of irrigated land and 72 mu of dry land at Xiakou. The following year, I bought another 26 mu. Lan Xinshi also donated 55 mu of land near Guangwumen Deng Jia Garden. On this basis, Taoist priests reclaimed land on the mountain. By 1949, Taoist priests in Xinglong Mountain had 1300 mu of land, planted grain and medicinal materials and rented them out, and used their income to support themselves and build temples. During the Jiaqing period, Taoist priests on the mountain bought jujube trees everywhere, and all Liu's Buddhist and medical works were printed and distributed in the world. Among them, experience and ophthalmology enlightenment have played an important role in folk disease prevention and treatment.
Taoists in Xinglong Mountain not only recite scriptures, burn incense and receive donors every day, but also hold large-scale Taoist activities according to the birth date of the legendary "God". For example, the ninth day of the first month commemorates the Jade Emperor, and the nineteenth day commemorates Qiu Chuji's birthday. February 15 to commemorate the old gentleman in Taishang; February 19 to commemorate Guanyin Bodhisattva; On the third day of March, in memory of the founder of Infinite; March 20 to commemorate the leaders of the three religions; Commemorate Sakyamuni on the eighth day of April; April 28 to commemorate the drug king; Worship the mountain gods on the sixth day of June. The activity of offering sacrifices to the sun is mainly Quanzhen religion, and sometimes the orthodox school (Yin and Yang school) also joins its ranks. The Taoist activities of Zhengyi school are mainly "high arch". The high arch wears cassock (red, with yellow gossip and Tai Chi pictures on the back), while others wear black robes. Musical instruments are mainly drums, cymbals, gongs, suona and cymbals. Without a flute, the atmosphere is warmer than that of Quanzhen School, and the music is more beautiful. When playing, in addition to the prescribed music scores such as Song of the Sky, Han Dongshan, Chaofo Temple, Your Legend, Prince Daoxiang and Guanyin Ci, folk songs such as Embroidering the Pocket, Flying a Kite and Meng Jiangnv are also played.
There is a special rule in Taoism in the eastern province of Xinglong Mountain: on weekdays, burning incense and chanting only knock on the bronze bell of the temple, not the giant bell of Ge Yuan. Only when a large-scale memorial service is held can the giant bell of Yuan Pavilion be rung first, and then the Jason Chung of each hall be rung to start the memorial service.
At present, the Taoist activity places in Xinglong Mountain are: Mountain God Cave, Guan Temple, Giant Buddha Hall, Niangniang Temple, Sun Zhenren Temple, Cave, Taibai Spring, Yuhuang Temple, Qiuzu Pavilion, Bodhisattva Pavilion, Qizhen Temple, Hei Hu Temple, Zizaiwo, Ergong Temple (changed to worship Bodhisattva), Erxian Cave, Sansheng Cave and Mixed Yuan Pavilion. Activities include chanting, giving alms, divination and receiving believers.