Jun is a round ornament with a gap.
It is often found in ancient tombs from Neolithic Age to Zhou Dynasty. When unearthed, it is often located in women's ears, obviously earrings. When in use, the notch is stuck in the earlobe. Sometimes one ear is worn, and some ears are worn one by one, even in groups of several pieces. Jue is generally carved in jade, and exquisite ones are also decorated.
Eighteen pieces of jade Jue were unearthed from Fu Hao's tomb in Yin Ruins, some of which were carved with dragon patterns on both sides, and some were coiled into a cricket shape, with head and tail connected. Jade Jue is the most primitive earring, but it changed from earring to wearing jade in Han Dynasty.
Don is also a jade earring.
"Poetry? Yan "wind" yue:
Yuya. ?
Don, aka? Searle 、? Turn a deaf ear? .
"Biography" cloud:
Qi, Sayer also. ?
Shuowen said again:?
Tang turned a deaf ear to Xiaoyu's words. ?
Shi Ming has a more detailed explanation:
Tang, the town is also, hanging beads when the ear, do not listen, since the town is also heavy. ?
On the day of the ceremony, the empresses and concubines should wear a pair and fix them with a horizontal hinge. The two ends of the horizontal hinge hang down and hang under the hinge, and the gas just hangs on the ears, which is in line with the meaning of interpretation. By the Zhou Dynasty, various etiquette systems were gradually improved. It is said that the reason why the queen and ladies are so worried is to make them not listen to lies, behave solemnly and abide by women's morality.
In the Han Dynasty, Er replaced Tang.
Shuowen Day:
Well, so is Don. ?
"Once"? "Jade Fu Zhi" cloud:
Empress Dowager Tai and Empress Dowager entered the temple with hair on their heads and pearls on their ears. Queen's Hall, step by step. ?
Ears and ears mentioned here are two different ornaments. The former hangs on the hair pin and hangs to the ear, which is similar to the ear. Er can be removed with a hairpin. Historical records? "Wu Di Ji consorts family":
Condemn Mrs Gou Jian. Ma 'am, take off your hair and kowtow?
It is not difficult to see from this record that Er can be separated from the hair pin, but the ear clip is an ornament hanging directly on the ear.
Huh? After the Han and Wei Dynasties, the custom of hairpin was gradually eliminated, but it escaped the same fate as children.
Yuan Xiong Zhong wrote "Ancient and Modern Rhyme" cloud:
Uh, one ear. ?
Erjun, Interpretation of "Shi Ming";
Cast pearls through ears, saying "Jun". ?
To wear an earlobe, it is necessary to pierce it in advance. In ancient times, before a girl was ten years old, her mother would pierce her earlobe with a needle tip. After a long time, it became a small hole with an earlobe. Earrings are generally cylindrical, with trumpet-shaped ends or ends, and some are spherical, with a hole in the middle, which is used for wearing. There is a small bell hanging under the delicate earmuffs. It is conceivable that women wear this kind of ear jar and shake it step by step, which is interesting and elegant and has its own style.
The material for making earplugs is transparent crystal glass. Glass, known as coloured glaze in ancient times, was burned in China at the latest in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Its colors are red, white, black, yellow, blue, green and purple. Because of its high transparency, earplugs made of it are also called? Mingming? 、? Yue Ming? . This kind of glazed earrings was unearthed in the tomb of Shu Han in Zhongxian County, Sichuan Province. It is a short cylinder with a thin waist, about 1.6 cm long, and it has a hole for piercing ears. It is dark blue, translucent and delicate.
Earrings Earrings include earrings and earrings. Earrings are usually made of metal wire bent into a ring. If the pendant is attached to the ring, it is an earring.
The habit of wearing earrings and earrings was popular among ancient ethnic minorities, which can be confirmed by their funerary objects. For example, in the Spring and Autumn Tomb of Zhoujiadi in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia, there are several rings of earrings next to the ear of the female curtain owner. Earrings are made of spiral copper wire with a diameter of 5.3 cm, one end is slightly thicker and the other end is thinner, which is convenient to wear. Under the left earring, a copper earring is tied with a thong. In the tombs of ethnic minorities in Jianchuan, Yunnan, copper earrings have also been found beside the ears of female corpses. There are three copper earrings in the tomb, all of which are bent into a circle or an ellipse with copper pieces 0.2-0.5 cm wide. Another woman in the same tomb has a stone pendant in her ear, flat and long, with one end perforated, which should be an ear pendant.
The origin of earrings in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties
During the slave society in China, there were frequent wars in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and the victors often regarded the vanquished as slaves. When women in the Central Plains saw the female slaves of ethnic minorities wearing earrings and earrings, they began to walk unsteadily, accompanied by pleasant sounds and great taste, and began to take effect. So the ancient and modern things test said:
Er Nv Er Zhu has been regarded as an island ornament since da ji. ?
Da ji is Shang Zhouwang's favorite concubine. Accordingly, women in the Han Dynasty had the habit of wearing earrings and earrings in the Shang Dynasty. Women wearing earrings and earrings can not only add beauty, but also cover up defects. Legend has it that the story of Diusim in the Eastern Han Dynasty, although she has the beauty of dumping the country and closing the moon, also has a defect, that is, the earlobe is small. So she put on a pair of jade earrings to make up for it.
The decline of earrings in Jin Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasties
Women don't have the habit of wearing earrings, and there are basically no examples of women wearing earrings in cultural relics unearthed during this period and paintings and sculptures handed down from generation to generation. Scholars in Yuan and Ming Dynasties have many textual researches on this. In the Yuan Dynasty, Tao said in the Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun:
In other words, most of the ladies painted in the Jin and Tang Dynasties did not wear earrings, thinking that there were no people who pierced their ears in ancient times. However, Zhuang Zi-ri: The son of heaven waits on the imperial court, without removing his fork or piercing his ears. Ear holes have existed since ancient times. ?
After textual research, the writer Heng wrote in Japan:
Women wear earrings and ears, which has existed since ancient times, but it is a matter for lowly people. ?
During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, women wore earrings and earrings.
The complexity and simplicity of earrings and earrings in this period are different. Simple ones are made of gold, silver and copper wires, and complex ones are shaped like flowers, some are made of gold and silver, and some are earrings and earrings inlaid with jade and jewelry.
The production of ancient gold and silver in China can be traced back to Yu Xia. In ancient times, gold, silver and copper were collectively called gold. Here yellow means gold, white means silver and red means copper. Gold and silver have luster and strong plasticity, and can be ground into extremely thin gold foil and drawn into gold and silver filaments thinner than hair filaments.
In the Shang Dynasty, our ancestors had already discovered the discovery of gold. Gold foils were unearthed in the ruins of Shang Dynasty and Yin Ruins in Hebei Province, and some of them were only 0.0 1 mm thick, indicating that the processing technology was superb at that time.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the technique of misplacing gold and silver was also very developed. Wrong gold and silver is to pull gold and silver into filaments and embed them on the surface of objects. The Zhou Dynasty invented the technology of wrapping gold, and the thin gold nuggets wrapped by copper spears, spear handles and car scales were unearthed in Wei tombs in the Western Zhou Dynasty. These techniques are also used to make women's decorations.
A pair of gold earrings were unearthed in the Huns' tombs equivalent to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the pendants were connected below the circular earrings. The upper part of the pendant consists of two pieces of turquoise covered with gold, the upper part is decorated with flower dots, and the lower part is connected with three triangular gold nuggets, with a total length of 8.2 cm and a weight of 14.2 g. The earrings unearthed from Xiongnu tomb near Xigou in Zhungeer Banner have buttons on the rings, and the pendant under the buttons is a cone made of two gold wires, one of which is also strung with jewels.
1. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, gold and silver earrings and earrings were made beautifully.
For example, the eardrop unearthed from the Huata site in Dingxian County, Hebei Province, has a circle above it and a cylinder made of fine gold wire below it. Five round gold nuggets inlaid with precious stones are hung at both ends of the cylinder, and five balls are hung in the middle; At the lower part of the column, there are also six chains, and a sharp hammer ornament is hung at the lower end of each chain. Wearing these earrings will make a slight noise when people walk.
Second, in the Song Dynasty, the Liao and Jin minorities in the north all wore earrings and earrings.
Their earrings are the style of earrings, the round base is made of gold, inlaid with precious stones, and the gold handle has pierced ears; There is also a crank hook at the top for piercing ears, and a rectangular frame made of gold wire at the bottom, which is decorated with various patterns carved by precious stones. These shapes had a great influence on the earrings and earrings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
3. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, earrings and earrings have become indispensable decorations for women.
Some women with earrings also have many pairs to match all kinds of clothes and exchange them when they enter and leave various scenes. In the Ming Dynasty, Tianshui Iceberg Record recorded that Yan Song's property was seized, including 86 pairs of earrings/kloc-0 and 89 pairs of earrings. Its shape consists of flowers and fruits? Jinbao chrysanthemum earrings? 、? Golden apricot earrings? Wait; Do you have any imitations? Gold broken wire string lantern earrings? Gold pipa earrings? Wait, what about people and animals? Golden bead limelight earrings? 、? Gold box jewelry juvenile climbing lotus earrings? Wait a minute. It is amazing that the characters of the castle are engraved on the earrings and earrings several centimeters long. The evidence is in kind, and there are many examples.
A pair of jade earrings, carved with white jade, were unearthed from the Yuan Tomb outside Yuxiangmen, Xi, Shaanxi Province, and the jade queen was hooked with thin gold thread. Gold-inlaid jade rabbit pounded medicine eardrops were unearthed in the tombs of Ming Shenzong Xiao Duan and Xiaojing in Tianshou Mountain.
There are often eggplant-shaped and gourd-shaped earrings in the Ming Tombs.
In the Ming Dynasty, a pair of gold-inlaid white jade bead gourd earrings were also unearthed in Lu tomb in Shanghai. The earlobes of Ming Taizu, Emperor Taizong of Ming Dynasty, and Emperor Xiaowen in Nanxun Hall are all wearing this thing. More than 30 pairs of gourd-shaped earrings were recorded in Tianshui Iceberg Record in Ming Dynasty.
Lantern-shaped earrings were also common in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Li Yu, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, sighed:
Why hang a lamp on your ear when it's not the Lunar New Year? If decorated with pearl jade, it is the pearl lamp in Fujian and the silk lamp in Danyang! It is also disgusting for a lamp, and the situation is a slap in the face.
Li Yu advocates the use of small earrings such as cloves. He said in "Idle Meng I Send":
The smaller the earrings, the better, or a bead, or a little gold and silver. This common wearing object, commonly known as clove, is also very simple in shape. ?
Lilac is a kind of plant, and its fruit is small and obovate or rectangular. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a kind of small earrings that looked like cloves, commonly known as cloves. Feng Ming magnum called earrings in Wake Up the World? It is worn by women on ordinary days. People who like lightness must wear lilacs. That poor little family, if it had no gold and silver, would buy a pair of copper and tin? . It can be seen that earrings and earrings are commonly used by women. Women in poor families use copper, tin or silver earrings and earrings, while women in rich families use gold earrings and earrings inlaid with jade and precious stones.
In the Ming dynasty, jade carving technology was quite developed. Besides making jade articles under the supervision of the imperial court, making jade articles used in the palace, folk craftsmen and many skilled craftsmen created Suzhou. Although Liangyu gathered in the capital, he skillfully pushed Su County. Said. The method of cutting jade was described in Song Ying Xing's Heavenly Creations in Ming Dynasty:
When cutting jade at first, make iron into a round paddle, fill the water with sand, turn the round paddle with your feet, add sand to cut jade, and cut off all the fine points one by one. If it's difficult to paint a tapered blade, use toad venom to make up the picture, and then stick to it. ?
This method of adding sand to cut jade is similar to the present method.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the gems embedded in earrings and earrings were also extremely precious. In Tianshui Iceberg Record, the gemstones embedded in the earrings include opal, ruby, sapphire, crystal, sapphire, amber, agate and so on.