Details of natural conditions such as meteorological climate, soil, vegetation and hydrology in Qingyang City.

Qingyang is located in the inland area of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Between east longitude 106 20' and north latitude 108 45' and north latitude 35 15' and north latitude 37 10'. There is Ziwuling in the east, Yangjuan Mountain in the north, Liupanshan Mountain in the west, uplift in the east, west and north, and low in the south-central, so it is called "basin". It is 208 kilometers long from east to west and 207 kilometers long from north to south. Since ancient times, through the continuous movement and change of geology, the majestic loess landform has a variety of styles and unique styles. In Paleozoic, the land rose from the middle of Wang Yang, and hills appeared in Longdong. The largest Qingyang Lake basin in northwest China was deposited in Mesozoic, involving Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Mongolia. The Quaternary land continued to rise, and the Pleistocene gale swept through the loess, covering the loess plateau with a thickness of more than 100 meters. In Holocene, the Loess Plateau was denuded and cut by rivers and floods, forming existing landforms such as plateaus, gullies, ridges, valleys, plains, mountains and slopes. It is divided into central and southern loess plateau gully region, northern loess hilly and gully region and eastern loess hilly region. The relative height difference of the whole city is1.204m, with the highest at Majiadashan in the north and the lowest at Zhengping River Beach in the south.

The average elevation in south-central China is 1400 meters, with dozens of original faces all over, and the natural landscape is peculiar. Looking up at Linchuan, it is suspected that there are mountains on both sides. The mountains are very eye-catching, but they are endless plains. Among them, the large plant 12, with an area of over 654.38+10,000 mu, and the largest Dong Zhiyuan, with a total area of10.36 million mu, is the main crop producing area, with vast and flat fields, deep soil layers and soft texture, and is known as the "granary in Longdong". Some scholars wrote poems praising that "the East Branch is a wonder, the vast plain is far away from the sky, the wheat is full of gold and the trees are full of green boats." Nanxiaohegou, located in the west of Dong Zhiyuan, is a pilot project of soil and water conservation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It has built a scenic spot with green mountains and green waters, shady gullies and fish and ducks in the reservoir. Known as "a piece of jade embedded in the Loess Plateau", some couplets say that "the clear water in East Lake washes Xiao Yue, and the red leaves in Nangou dye the sunset".

Northwest elevation1500-2000m. The loess hills are undulating with a total area of 7547 square kilometers. The land is vast and the vegetation is sparse. Known as "Shan Tong is poor in water, and it is rare to fish and firewood in the world". The average population density is 26 people per square kilometer, and there are thousands of gullies and valleys criss-crossing. Occasionally there are villages and people around the mountain. Xiaoguan ancient road runs through the north and south. There are many beacon towers and castles on the top of the mountain, which are important military sites in past dynasties. There are also many famous revolutionary sites, such as Mountain Castle and Helian Bay. The vast grassland and pasture provide the basic guarantee for the development of animal husbandry, with barren slopes, green depressions and sheep. Numerous ridges, valleys, valleys, terraces and mountain terraces have created favorable conditions for developing diversified agriculture in the harsh climate environment. There are abundant oil and coal resources underground, and there are many oil rigs and oil pipelines extending vertically and horizontally on the ground. In the past, "clothing depends on skin, food depends on millet, and walking depends on donkey", but now it has become the main animal husbandry, oil-producing area and petrochemical base in the city.

Ziwuling, which spans north and south in the east, is about 1.500- 1.700 meters above sea level, with a total area of 4 1.87 square kilometers. It is the largest natural secondary forest area in the Loess Plateau, and is called the "green reservoir" in Longdong. Qin Zhi Road runs through the north and south, and Qin Changcheng in the Warring States Period runs through the east and west. Carved pines, castle sunset, straight tree-lined, fish-disordered moonlight, Luming Cuigu, Twin Towers Sunrise, Fengchuan Flying Heron and Taibai Breeze are the eight scenic spots in the forest area. The forest edge is in the transitional zone, where ridges crisscross and mountains crisscross, and grassland and pasture are used for agriculture and animal husbandry, which not only has the grassland scenery of young children grazing cattle and sheep with whips, but also can appreciate the pastoral taste of old farmers singing folk songs with plows. At the eastern foot of Ziwuling in Taibai Township, Heshui County, there are beautiful scenery and wide beaches, which are suitable for rice production. Fish ponds and duck ponds can also be seen everywhere, and it is known as "the small south of Longdong".

There are five rivers in the territory, namely Malian River, Puhe River, Honghe River, Silang River and Hulu River, with 27 larger tributaries. Dozens of rivers crisscross into the Jinghe River, Luohe River and the Yellow River. Beaches, rivers and valley slopes formed downstream are beneficial to crop growth. Reservoirs and ponds built by blocking the river present a scene of silver string pearls, which are distributed in various irrigation areas in Sichuan. Among them, Bajiazui Reservoir is the most, which is called "water park" in Qingyang area.