(A) the purpose of the blue prints.the design
In order to optimize the design, ensure the quality of drawings, and ensure the quality and progress of the project, a complete system of blue prints.the design is established.
(ii) Scope of application
Housing construction engineering, municipal engineering and water supply and drainage engineering.
Construction drawings include: construction drawings, design contact sheets, construction technical contact sheets and other technical requirements documents.
(3) the system of the blue prints.the design
1. control of design drawings: when inviting tenders for design or signing contracts with design units, special emphasis is placed on the drawing countersigning system of designers of various professions who design drawings, so as to minimize the contradictions and mistakes of various professions in the drawings.
2. Drawing acceptance system: the representative of the field engineer is responsible for receiving the drawings of the design institute, checking the quality of the drawings, with clear requirements, signatures of designers and related personnel, and seals of the design institute. The person in charge of the site shall make a record of drawing acceptance and file the drawings.
3. Drawing distribution system: The field engineer representative is responsible for distributing the construction drawings to the supervision unit and keeping the drawing distribution records, specifying the record name, drawing number, number of copies, receiving unit, receiving time and recipient's signature. The supervision unit is responsible for reviewing the construction drawings and distributing them to all construction units. The drawings accepted by each construction unit must have the special seal for construction drawing stamped by the supervision unit.
4. Personnel participating in the joint review of drawings: The following personnel must participate in the joint review of drawings.
Owner: site responsible personnel and other technical personnel;
Designer: chief engineer of the design institute, project leader, and design leaders of various disciplines;
Supervision: project director, deputy director and professional supervision engineers;
Construction unit: project manager, deputy project manager, chief project engineer and technical leaders of various disciplines; For more exciting content, please pay attention to WeChat official account "Project Budget Officer".
Other relevant units: technical director.
5. Time control of joint review of drawings: Within three working days after the design drawings are issued, the supervisor is responsible for organizing the owner, design, supervision, construction and other relevant units to make design disclosure. Within fifteen working days after the design disclosure, the construction unit or supervision unit shall be responsible for organizing the above units to carry out the blue prints.the design.
6, when the blue prints.the design, the construction unit, supervision unit and other professional engineering and technical personnel in view of their own problems or suggestions for the optimization of drawings, in written report materials distributed to the blue prints.the design personnel for discussion.
7. The meeting of the blue prints.the design shall be presided over by the owner or the supervisor, and the presiding unit shall keep the meeting minutes and sign them by the participants.
8, the problems or optimization suggestions put forward by the units of the blue prints.the design must be discussed at the blue prints.the design meeting to make a clear conclusion; For issues that need to be discussed again, the final reply date should be clearly defined in the joint hearing record.
9. The supervisor is responsible for sorting and distributing the records of the blue prints.the design to all relevant units for execution and archiving.
10, the blue prints.the design of centralized drawings, partial blue prints.the design, phased blue prints.the design and professional blue prints.the design can be adopted, and the specific form of blue prints.the design shall be determined by the supervisor.
1 1. All contractors shall prepare the construction drawings, contact sheets and records of the blue prints.the design.
12, invalid drawing design written notice, each construction unit to deal with.
Second, the blue prints.the design skills
Before the project starts, the drawings must be read and reviewed, and then the blue prints.the design. If you have experience in reading and examining drawings, and master some key points, you will get twice the result with half the effort. The order of drawing recognition and drawing review is: be familiar with the function of the proposed project, the plane size of the project, the elevation size of the project, check the parts that are easy to make mistakes in the construction drawing, and check whether there are any improvements.
(a) familiar with the functions of the proposed project
After you get the drawings, first understand what the function of this project is, is it a factory building or an office building? Is it a mall or a dormitory? After understanding the function, think of some basic sizes and decorations. For example, the floor tiles in the bathroom are generally dado, and the floor elevation of the balcony floor in the bathroom is generally a few centimeters lower. The scale of the workshop must meet the needs of production, especially the needs of equipment installation. Finally, look at the architectural instructions and be familiar with the project decoration. For more exciting content, please pay attention to WeChat official account "Project Budget Officer".
(two) familiar with the review of engineering plane size
There are generally three dimensions in the construction drawing of a building project, one is the detail dimension, the other is the dimension between axes, and the third is the general dimension. Check whether the sum of the first size is equal to the second size, and whether the sum of the second size is equal to the third size. Pay attention to whether the side axis is the center line of the wall. Look at the size of the engineering plan, first know the construction plan, then know the construction plan of this floor, and finally know the installation process of water, electricity and air conditioning equipment, such as checking whether the room layout is convenient to use, lighting and ventilation are good, etc. When reading the size of the next floor plan, check whether there is any inconsistency with the upper floor plan.
(three) familiar with the review of the project facade size
Construction drawings of building projects generally include elevation, profile and stair profile, all of which have information about the elevation dimensions of the project; Construction drawings and construction plans generally indicate the elevation of this layer; In the beam table, there is generally beam surface elevation; Foundation details and other details are usually marked with elevation. Through these construction drawings, we can master the elevation dimensions of the project. There are generally three dimensions for the facade, the first is the detailed dimensions such as the height of the window sill doors and windows, the second is the height dimension, and the elevation is marked, and the third is the total height.
The auditing method is the same as auditing the dimensions of each plane. Whether the sum of the first dimension is equal to the second dimension and whether the sum of the second dimension is equal to the third dimension, check whether the elevation of each floor in the elevation view is consistent with that in the construction drawing, and then check whether the elevation of each floor in the construction drawing is consistent with that in the construction drawing. The elevation of each floor in the construction drawing should not be exactly the same as that of the corresponding floor, because the floor elevation in the construction drawing is the elevation after the project is completed, and the floor elevation in the construction drawing is only the structural plane elevation, not. In some construction drawings, the construction icon is marked high on the corresponding construction drawings. If you don't pay attention, you will make mistakes in the construction.
Familiar with the elevation, mainly check whether the elevation of the top of doors and windows is consistent with the elevation of the bottom of the upper beam; Check whether the horizontal dimension and elevation of the stair tread are wrong, and check whether the vertical clearance size under the ladder beam is greater than 2. 1 m, and whether there is a meeting phenomenon; If there is a terrace on the middle floor, check whether the elevation of the terrace is lower than the indoor level; Check whether the floor of the bathroom and bathroom building is a few centimeters lower, if not, check whether there are measures to prevent overflow; Finally, combined with the construction drawing of secondary renovation of water, electricity and air conditioning installation equipment, check whether the building height meets the functional requirements.
(four) check whether there are mistakes in the construction drawing.
1, check whether the slope direction of parapet concrete coping is inward.
2, check whether there is a beam under the brick wall.
3, beam on the structural plane, whether all the reinforcement in the beam table.
4. Check whether the height of the main beam is lower than that of the secondary beam.
5. When the span of beam-slab column is the same and similar, the reinforcement is quite different. If so, it needs to be checked.
6. When the beam and shear wall are arranged on the same straight line, check whether the width of the beam exceeds the thickness of the wall.
7. When the beam is supported on the shear wall and column respectively, check whether the center line of the beam is parallel or coincident with the axis, and check whether the width of the beam extends out of the wall or column. If yes, it shall be submitted for design treatment.
8, check whether the minimum spacing of beam reinforcement meets the requirements of construction acceptance specification.
9. Check whether there is an awning on the door of the indoor balcony, and check whether the center of the awning on the structural plane coincides with the center line of the door of the construction drawing.
10. If the design requirements are different from the construction acceptance specification, as often mentioned in the column table, less than 4 columns on each side of the same section can be overlapped, but the construction acceptance specification requires that the overlapping area of steel bars in the same section should not exceed 50%.
1 1. Check whether there is any contradiction between the structural description and the contents in the beam-column table and construction description of the structural plan detail.
12, the single foundation system is stressed in both directions, and the reinforcement along the short side is generally placed on the reinforcement along the long side. Check whether the reinforcement in the detailed drawing of the construction drawing foundation is wrong.
(five) review the original construction drawing for improvement.
Mainly conducive to the construction of the project; Conducive to ensuring building quality; Suggestions for improving the original construction drawing are put forward from three aspects, which is beneficial to the aesthetics of the project.
1, and put forward suggestions for improving the construction drawing from the perspective of being beneficial to the project construction.
On the structural plane, the adjacent spans of continuous frame beams will be very large. When the negative moment reinforcement of the intermediate bearing is anchored separately, the reinforcement at the beam-column joint will be too dense and the concrete will not be compacted easily. It can be suggested to designers that negative reinforcement can be connected as much as possible. When the negative reinforcement of the bearing is full-length, it will cause the beam surface reinforcement of the small-span Liang Kuan to be too dense to pour concrete. It can be suggested that under the premise of ensuring the negative reinforcement of the beam, the Liang Kuan of each span should be kept consistent as far as possible, and only the height of the beam should be adjusted, so as to facilitate gluten connection and concrete pouring. When the structural modeling is complicated and it is difficult to complete the structural construction of a certain part at one time, it is proposed to the designer: Please pay attention to the official account of WeChat "Engineering Budget Officer" for more exciting contents about how to keep concrete construction joints.
2. Put forward the opinions of modifying the construction drawing from the aspects that are beneficial to the quality of engineering construction.
When the same mixed mortar of 1: 1: 6 is used for ceiling plastering and wall plastering, it can be suggested to change the ceiling plastering to 1: 1: 4 to increase the cohesive force.
When the requirements for waterproof construction of elevator pit, bathroom sink and fire pool are not indicated in the construction drawing, it is suggested to add cement mortar waterproof layer on the inner wall of the sink outside the pit to improve the waterproof quality.
3. It is suggested to improve the construction drawing from the perspective of architectural aesthetics.
If the parapet of the terrace is connected with the external window, check whether the height of the parapet is higher than the window sill. If so, the joint is not beautiful, and it is recommended to design and deal with it. Check whether the color separation line of the exterior wall finish is connected. If it is not connected, it is suggested to converge at the inner angle; When there is no obvious dividing line between the outer wall and the inner wall, ask the designer whether the wall decoration extends to the position of the inner wall and whether the top surface and bottom surface of the protruding part of the outer wall are used as the outer wall decoration. When the column section size gradually decreases with the rise of the floor, if the column protrudes from the external wall to become an elevation decorative line, it is suggested that the column section of the protruding part should not be reduced to make the width of the line consistent. When the column is arranged at the corner of the brick wall in the building plane, and the corner of the brick wall is less than 900, if the square column is still used in the structural design, it can be suggested to change the square column into a polygonal column according to the building plane to avoid the column angle protruding from the wall and affecting the use and beauty. When there is a frame column protruding from the wall on the left side of the elevator hall (front room) 10 ~ 20 cm, check whether the right column protrudes by the same size. If not, it is suggested to modify it to symmetry.
Third, the blue prints.the design matters needing attention
The blue prints.the design is one of the main technical work in the early stage of construction. Therefore, before the construction of the project, the project department should organize technicians and relevant departments who participate in the project to read the drawings carefully, be familiar with the construction drawings, understand the engineering situation and the problems such as errors, contradictions, unclear explanations and unreasonable design in the drawing design, and put forward these problems as soon as possible before the construction operation.
The project department should attend the meeting of the blue prints.the design in a humble, cooperative, learning and harmonious manner. According to the organization ability and coordination ability of the construction unit, design unit and supervision company, provide necessary services to promote the smooth completion of the blue prints.the design. Records of the blue prints.the design are an integral part of the construction documents and have the same effect as the construction drawings. Therefore, the management method and distribution scope of the records of the blue prints.the design are the same as those of the construction drawings, and they shall be implemented seriously. Common problems in drawing review are summarized as follows:
1. Are there any contradictions or unclear intentions in the descriptions of buildings and structures?
2, building, structure diagram of the central axis position is consistent, the relative size is clearly marked;
3. If it is a frame structure, see whether the dimensions of beams and columns in the architectural and structural drawings are consistent; If it is a brick-concrete structure, see whether the wall thickness and constructional column layout are consistent;
4, check whether the door and window practice is clear, according to the atlas construction, if there is no atlas, whether there are details, whether the opening direction, glass material and keel material are clear in the details;
5, the general design is easy to ignore the windowsill practice, curtain box practice, door and window materials, door crib size;
6. See whether the structural drawing description is inconsistent with the specification, and if not, negotiate which standard to use for construction;
7. From the construction point of view, whether there are structural nodes that are difficult or even impossible to construct, such as the junction of sloping roof and flat roof, the cross construction of beams is the most prone to problems;
8, stair step height and quantity consistent with the elevation;
9. Whether the structural elevation in the building elevation is consistent with the elevation of each floor in the structural drawing;
10, the local elevation of cornice is easy to make mistakes, so pay due attention;
1 1. Whether the reserved holes and embedded parts are wrong or missing;
12, whether the structural practice is clear;
13, whether the material selection is reasonable and whether the design can meet the quality requirements;
14, whether it is foundation, trench, etc. Collision;
15, whether the standard drawing and detailed drawing are correct;
16, whether the size, specification and quantity of doors, windows and components are consistent, etc.
Familiar with the methods and essentials of drawing;
Coarse before fine: Look at the plan, elevation and section first, and have a general outline of the whole project, and have a general impression of the total length, width, axis size, elevation, story height and total height. Then look at the details and check the overall size and detail size.
Four, the blue prints.the design review content
(1) Building part:
Whether the location of the building layout on the construction site plan is clear or insufficient, and whether the building layout is inconsistent with the actual situation on site.
(2) First small, then big:
Look at the small sample first and then at the large sample, and check whether the large sample marked on the plan, elevation and section are consistent with the large sample; Whether the number, type and model of standard parts atlas used are in contradiction with the design drawings; Whether there is a missing mark in the index symbol; Whether the details are complete, etc.
(3) Building before structure:
That is, look at the architectural drawing first, and then look at the structural drawing; And check whether the axis size and elevation are consistent, whether there is any contradiction, whether there is any size omission and whether there is any unreasonable structure according to the architectural drawing and structural drawing.
(4) General precedes special:
We should first look at the general parts and requirements, and then look at the special parts and requirements. Special parts generally include foundation treatment methods, setting of deformation joints, waterproof treatment requirements and technical requirements such as earthquake resistance, fire prevention, heat preservation, sound insulation, dust prevention and special decoration.
(5) the combination of drawings and instructions:
When looking at the drawings, check whether there is any contradiction between the drawings and descriptions, whether the regulations are clear, whether the requirements are feasible and whether the practices are reasonable.
(6) the combination of civil engineering and installation:
When looking at civil engineering drawings, we should look at some installation drawings in a targeted manner, check whether there are contradictions in the contents related to civil engineering in the installation drawings, whether the positions and sizes of embedded parts, reserved holes and grooves are consistent, and understand the requirements of installation for civil engineering so as to consider the cooperation in construction.
(7) The drawing requirements should be combined with the actual situation:
Is to check whether the drawings are practical, such as whether the relative position of buildings, site elevation and geological conditions are consistent with the design drawings; For some special construction technology, the construction unit can do it. In order to do a good job in the joint review of design drawings and improve the quality of design drawings, problems found in design drawings should be minimized during construction.
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