Wuling Mountain used to be Foshan. According to records, there were temples in Wuling Mountain in the Song Dynasty, and many temples were built. "At that time, there were more than 10,000 monks and Taoists." During the Yuan Dynasty, monks and Taoists came here to do Buddhism. "Chang Ping Shan Shui" records that "Wenzong (Yuan) ordered the Western Monks to travel to Wuling Mountain in January, and the top can be seen from the plug." Existing temple sites include Hongmei Temple, Zhongguyuan, Yunfeng Temple, etc. At that time, they were called the lower house, the middle court and the upper house. According to legend, in Hongmei Temple, there was a saying that "3,600 famous monks, while unknown monks fought for the cow hair", which shows that there were many Buddhist monks and Taoist priests in Wuling Mountain at that time, and the incense was flourishing. According to Chang 'an Hakka, there is Yunfeng Temple in Wuling Mountain, and it is said that Baozhi Palace Xi is here.
In the Ming Dynasty, Wuling Mountain was an important border area. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Ji (Zibowen) climbed Wuling Mountain when he was playing in Caojia Road, a border town. He was exhausted halfway up the mountain and rested under a boulder. Suddenly, he felt a cool breeze coming, and his fatigue disappeared, and he got the "cool world of Wuling Mountain". Two hundred years later, in the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, later generations carved words on this stone, which became a unique stone tablet in JD.COM and was called the "Great Stone Tablet". There are six big characters on it, each about four square meters, bold and unrestrained, vigorous and powerful, and there are many different types of small characters, most of which are the names and poems of the soldiers who keep the customs.
Wuling Mountain is high, with dangerous cliffs hanging, which has certain military defense value and is at the border. Therefore, there are many Great Walls built on Wuling Mountain, most of which are Ming Great Walls, with an existing distance of nearly 100 kilometers. There are passes such as Heiguguan and Longmen Pass. Besides the Great Wall, there are many beacon towers on the high mountains and dangerous peaks, and you can also see broken walls.
In the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Wuling Mountain was designated as the "Houlong Feng Shui Forbidden Area" in Dongling of Qing Dynasty, and it was closed for 270 years. Dongqing Mausoleum covers an area of 2,500 square kilometers and is divided into two parts: the back dragon and the front circle. Among them, the dragon behind the mausoleum is the birthplace of Feng Shui. It starts from the Great Wall behind the mausoleum and goes north through Wuling Mountain and Shaozu Mountain of the Qing Dongling. The whole Houlong Belt is characterized by rolling mountains, overlapping peaks and beautiful peaks. In order to protect Dongling in Qing Dynasty, this includes the protection of Houlong District. The boundary markers of Houlong are mainly stakes and boundary markers, in which stakes are divided into three colors: white and blue, red stakes are the inner boundaries, white stakes are out of bounds, and green stakes are apart from white stakes 10. On each green stake, it is written "the back of the dragon is heavy with feng shui", stipulating that "within the stake, the military and civilians are not allowed to enter the kiln to burn charcoal." Dare to break the law, hell to pay. " Wuling Mountain was designated as an official mountain. In order to strengthen the protection of Wuling Mountain, the Qing Dynasty specially set up the second camp of Qiangzi Road and Caojia Road to guard the public security in Houlong area. Through strict protection measures in the Qing Dynasty, there has never been a big fire in the history of Dongling in the Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years, which undoubtedly played an important role in the protection of forest resources in Wuling Mountain.
With the long-term closure of Wuling Mountain, the temples built in the Song and Yuan Dynasties began to fall into disrepair. There are few cultural and historical relics in this period. Emperor Kangxi, the sage of Qing Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Looking at Wuling Mountain in Xiaofa Gubeikou", "The morning breeze is slightly blowing, the long flag is blocked, the far peak is still visible, the ancient trees are half-caged, the land is vast and sparsely populated, the mountains are crowded with horses, the wind is summer scenery, and the grass is self-contained." As you can see from the poem, all you saw at that time was mountain trees, and few people were there.
Under the long-term ban of the Qing Dynasty, the residents of Wuling Mountain were forced to move out, which created conditions for the growth of forests, and forests and wild animals grew carefree. Wuling Mountain has formed a magnificent landscape of "mountains and forests, trees covering the sky, countless wild animals and springs everywhere".
With the decline of Qing Dynasty, Wuling Mountain, as a forbidden area of royal geomantic omen, was also reclaimed. In the second year of Xuantong in the late Qing Dynasty (19 10), due to the financial difficulties of the imperial court, the "Feng Shui Treasure Land" in Dongling was allowed to be reclaimed by the Qing army. Because of land reclamation, mountain fires often occur, and there is no heavy rain for several months, and the virgin forest is destroyed. Later, the direct line and the Bong warlord scuffled, and Wuling Mountain was looted by the war, which was very serious.
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Wuling Mountain was the anti-Japanese base of the Eighth Route Army. 1On February 9th, 938, comrades instructed the headquarters in front of the Eighth Route Army to "open up guerrilla zones with Wuling Mountain as the center and create base areas behind enemy lines", and the fourth column of the Eighth Route Army set out from Zhaitang in Pingxi, marched eastward into Wuling Mountain, launched guerrilla warfare with Wuling Mountain as the center, and created Xing (Dragon), Luan (Ping), Feng (Run) and Cheng (Germany).
The Japanese army adopted the "cage policy", created a no-man's land, drove the people down the mountain, entered the "people's circle", and kept releasing Yamakaji, trying to cut off military-civilian ties. The Japanese invaders tried to achieve the goal of "isolation between the people and bandits" by inhuman means such as "encircling with iron walls" and "combing combs", but the people in Wuling Mountain area never put out the fire of resistance against Japan and persisted in the war of resistance.
From 65438 to 0948, Wuling Mountain experienced the baptism of blood and fire for 37 years, and finally returned to the embrace of the people, injecting vitality into the development of Wuling Mountain.
After liberation, the party and government attached great importance to Wuling Mountain. In order to build Wuling Mountain, develop Wuling Mountain and protect this fast-growing green treasure land, 1950 set up a forest management organization and a Wuling Mountain forest management office to comprehensively close the mountains to facilitate afforestation and afforestation in barren hills. In order to better build and manage the precious forest in Wuling Mountain, 1962 is an experimental forest farm directly under the Ministry of Forestry, and 8000 mu around the main peak is designated as a nature reserve. With the change of national situation and policy, the organizational system of Wuling Mountain has also undergone different changes. After the reform and opening-up, the party and the government have paid more and more attention to environmental construction and realized the important position of forestry. 1984 is a provincial protected area, and 1988 is a national protected area. Wuling Mountain entered a new period of development and joined the China Man and Biosphere Network on 1995. Wuling Mountain is an important ecological barrier in Beijing and Tianjin, which plays an important ecological role in soil and water conservation, water conservation, wind and sand fixation, climate regulation and air purification.
1. Ecological barrier of sandstorm source in Beijing and Tianjin
The tall, undulating mountains and dense forests in Wuling Mountain stopped the sandstorms from Inner Mongolia and Bashang area, greatly improved the ecological environment in Beijing and Tianjin, reduced and avoided the harm of sandstorms, effectively controlled the invasion of desertification to the south and protected Beijing and Tianjin.
2. Important water sources in Beijing and Tianjin.
In order to protect the "two basins of water" in Beijing and Tianjin, the people of Wuling Mountain have made unremitting efforts to close the mountains to facilitate afforestation, with a forest coverage rate of 93%. According to experts' calculations, dense forests preserve a lot of high-quality water resources; Wuling Mountain can conserve 850 million cubic meters of water for Miyun Reservoir and 550 million cubic meters for Panjiakou Reservoir every year.
3. Sources of climate regulation in Beijing and Tianjin.
The dense forest in Wuling Mountain regulates the local climate and absorbs and purifies the surrounding air. According to experts' calculations, Wuling Mountain releases 998,000 tons of water vapor, absorbs 846,000 tons of dust, absorbs 6,543,800 tons of carbon dioxide, 6,543,800 tons of sulfur dioxide and 2.78 million tons of oxygen to the surrounding areas every year. It is an area with strong air purification ability around Beijing and Tianjin, and also has a certain purification effect on the atmosphere in North China.
4. National Ecological Science Education Base.
Wuling Mountain is rich in animal and plant resources and has a good ecological environment. It is a natural museum, an ecological classroom and a national ecological science education base.