A few years ago, under the impact of "computer fever", the traditional electronic and electrical technology that was once a smash hit suddenly became less popular; Electronic and electrical major in colleges and universities; It has also changed from "crowded" to "cold in front of the door". As the old saying goes, "Heaven is good"; As the saying goes, "Feng Shui turns". In the past two or three years, the above situation has undergone new changes. According to a professor from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, the electronic and electrical specialty of the university was almost closed a few years ago because of insufficient students, but the situation has obviously improved since last year. The supply and demand data of Beijing talent market in 2000 showed that the supply of electronic and electrical talents was the most "short". According to the latest statistics of Shenzhen Labor and Unemployment Department, the unemployment rate of highly educated people in Shenzhen is increasing year by year. By May 9 this year, the number of unemployed people with college education or above registered in the whole market has increased from more than 2,000 in the same period last year to 3 157. What is even more surprising and thoughtful is that in recent years, on the one hand, the unemployment rate of college students in Shenzhen is on the rise. On the other hand, people with intermediate or above skills are basically not unemployed. Intermediate workers generally find jobs soon after they lose their jobs, while college students can't find jobs for a long time after they lose their jobs. According to statistics, the re-employment rate of unemployed people with college education is only 20%, while the other re-employment rate reaches 75%. Why is there such a contrast? There are many reasons, but two deserve our attention: first, enrollment and major selection are just to catch up with the tide, and the tide has passed by graduation; The second is to learn to "play tricks", or "just retreat is not pragmatic." From this, perhaps we can get the following two inspirations: First, if we don't know ourselves and know ourselves, we would rather choose the major of "long-term market"-such as electronic and electrical major and electromechanical major (mechanical, electrical or electromechanical integration major). Second, if you think you are probably just a "wage earner", you might as well learn more practical skills or crafts. As the saying goes, "a hungry craftsman never dies." These words are still "employment maxims" today. Among many practical technologies, electronics and mechatronics are one of the most "market value" technologies. Electronic and electromechanical technology, although we dare not say it is "eternal", at least we can be sure that it will not decline in our lifetime; Those who study electronics and electromechanical technology can be self-employed "repairmen" or middle and senior maintenance personnel. Then you can become an electronic professional engineer; Of course, the big thing is "promising": as far as the former is concerned, any junior high school graduate with normal IQ can achieve it through two or three years of hard study and practice. If you can't reach it, there is no other reason, but you are too lazy. For life, "laziness" is more hopeless than cancer!
Beginners should not learn too much electronic technology theory.
The author lives in the countryside, and has to give up going to college for further study because of poverty at home, so he goes out to work. When I first went, I couldn't find a good job because I didn't have any skills. I had to go to the construction site to sell coolies. I was bitter and tired, and I couldn't make any money. Originally, I wanted to earn some money quickly and go to the college entrance examination the next year, but the ruthless reality shattered my dream. 1993, I got to know "e-newsletter" and began to learn how to repair household appliances. After a period of time, I have learned a lot in theory, but I always feel that I can't do it without practice. There is an old home appliance market in the north of Shanghai Railway Station. I often go there to see the TV repairers and buy an old black-and-white TV to play with. After a long time, I really understand a lot. Later, I worked for a boss, helped him move things, cleaned the TV set and sometimes repaired it. The boss found out that I have this specialty and asked me to help him fix it. Now I am like a duck to water. My boss has all kinds of TV sets, which have all kinds of faults. I check "e-newsletter" at night and "steam-sell" those maintenance methods during the day, and my technical level has improved rapidly. Later, I set up a home appliance technology training school with my friends. I trained my students with my own practical learning method, and after one month, they were able to eliminate the common faults of black-and-white TV sets. Over the years, I have realized that the most important thing in learning electronic technology is to practice and study theory selectively. For beginners, too many theories will increase the difficulty of learning and lead to fear. So I think it's best for beginners to have a framework understanding of the whole machine first, and then learn the working principle of each part in combination with physical objects. At present, the integration of TV sets is relatively high, so it is not necessary to deeply study the working principle and signal change process of the unit circuit in the integration tunnel, just know what it does, what peripheral components it has and what role the peripheral components play on it. As for a deeper understanding, it will be much easier when we have a certain level and come back to study and study. In my opinion, home appliance maintenance is the foundation of other electronic technologies. Oscillation and logic control for other small appliances can also be seen in TV sets. In addition, TV sets are systematic. As long as you know about TV and other electrical appliances, you can solve it easily.
3. Let interest open the door to your wisdom.
My own experience of "how to learn electronic technology" is to start with cultivating interest, making interest a stepping stone and opening the door to your wisdom. 1964, I was born in rural Chongqing. Due to poor family conditions, in order to reduce the burden on my parents, I applied for the major of electrical automation in secondary school after graduating from junior high school. I have always preferred liberal arts. After entering school, I spent all my time on novels, poems, calligraphy and fine arts, but I just managed to deal with my professional study. I spent two school years in this way. In the third grade, our class changed its head teacher. The teacher is very enthusiastic and responsible. He often takes us to do some small experiments and productions, and also holds some production exhibitions for us to evaluate. Whenever there is a celebration in the school, he lets us do it ourselves, make some electronic flashlights to decorate the venue and carry out electronic garden activities, such as electronic organ, voice-activated switch, audio flashing lights and so on. In addition, at that time, he was a top figure in the school's electronics major, and he could use computer (Mac) programming, which opened our eyes. Driven by the old man, many students in our class became interested and set up an electronic hobby group. The students sold the saved meal tickets to buy electronic components, printed boards and gadgets, as well as electronic newspapers and radios. After the study, they also walked out of the school gate to repair transistor radios for nearby farmers. If they can't fix it, go to the teacher for advice. He always gives enthusiastic advice and even leaves electronic components at home. After more than ten years, I have established a deep teacher-student relationship with this teacher. Since then, I have gradually developed a strong interest in specialized courses and electronic technology, and my enthusiasm for learning has been greatly improved, and I have made great progress in all aspects. Publications such as (electronic communication), (broadcasting) and (electronic technology) have also become my "meals", especially "electronic communication": I have benefited a lot. After I joined the work, because I have a certain theoretical basis and practical ability in electronics, anyone who has broken electrical appliances will "consult" me first and regard me as an "expert". In new product development and equipment maintenance, we can also show our talents, win the praise of leaders and colleagues, and have been rated as advanced workers for many times. Therefore, I think, to learn electronic technology, we must first have a strong interest. Cultivate interest in electronic technology and accumulate knowledge and skills in electronic technology. To sum up, there are the following points for your reference. Doing more {electronic news} often releases some campus electronic productions, and we can do it according to these articles. Once we succeed, you will have a sense of accomplishment. Over time, getting into the habit of doing things and improving your production level will be of great help to cultivate your interest, which is "easy to get." In middle school, you should communicate more with your friends and exchange successful experiences with each other. In communication, you can get more interesting works and read better articles from your friends. More services for the neighbor's household appliances, more help to repair, not only help others, but also improve themselves. Don't miss learning opportunities. Read more, just doing is not enough. Systematic study of "how to guide practice with theory" should start with "how to read the radio circuit diagram". Electronic communication and broadcasting are good reference books. When we have a certain foundation, we should choose systematic teaching materials for systematic study. Think more, whether the knowledge of electricity and electronics you have mastered can be used anywhere, and what problems need to be solved in electronic technology, and put forward some plans to discuss with colleagues. Learn theory on the basis of practice and guide practice through theory. In study and work, we should be good at summing up and take more notes. This is very important. For example, I have a notebook called "bread box", which records the titles and sources of many articles. It's really helpful to have a look at it when you have time! Finally, I want to shout: learning electronic technology can do a lot! Welcome young friends who are about to step into the door of electronic technology! Let curiosity and keen interest open the door to your wisdom and swim in the wonderful hall of electronic technology! The peak and future of electronic technology belong to you!
4. Guided by theory and promoted by practice-some experiences in learning electronic technology.
The author has taught himself electronic technology for more than ten years. Without any professional technical training, I just taught myself in my spare time and mastered the maintenance technology of general household appliances. Now, Baodian Coal Mine TV Station of Yankuang Group is engaged in maintenance work. On the occasion of discussing "how to learn electronic technology" in electronic news, combined with my own personal experience, I will talk about some experiences on how to learn electronic technology. First, guided by a solid basic theory. For beginners, the characteristics of AC and DC, the working principles of diodes, triodes, resistors and capacitors, and their applications in different occasions are compulsory courses. This is particularly important, and the author has a deep understanding. When I first learned electronic technology, I often went to the home appliance maintenance department four or five miles away from home to see how others operated, and occasionally asked a few questions, but I never got to the point. Since 1993, the author has purchased and subscribed to various electronic books and magazines such as e-newsletter and started self-study. In the process of learning, we should be deep, strict, detailed and practical. Deep, is to know the basic concepts, definitions, theorems, calculation formulas, typical circuits, not only why, but also why, not full of small achievements, to go deep into the end; To be strict is to be strict with yourself. Rome was not built in a day, and learning electronic technology is by no means overnight. Only by perseverance can we learn something; Fine, is careful, don't skim; The reality is that we must learn the basic knowledge firmly, and we must not be eager for quick success and instant benefit. There is no shortcut to learning electronic technology. Down-to-earth, through unremitting efforts to master basic theoretical knowledge, in order to lay a solid foundation for future practical operation. Second, dare to start work and practice boldly, and promote the continuous improvement of technical level through practice. Many colleagues and friends around me graduated from technical schools. Speaking of the knowledge of electronic technology, they do know a lot, but they can't start with it in practice. This is also a problem that many beginners have to face. It is not difficult to solve this problem, that is, to dare to start work and practice boldly. Buy some commonly used electronic components such as diodes, triodes, resistors and capacitors, necessary tools such as multimeters and soldering irons, and some books made by small electronics. Start with small-scale production, make bold attempts and do a lot of actual production to verify the theoretical knowledge learned. In the actual production process, we should pay attention to the following points: first, we must have a theoretical basis, and we must understand the circuit principle and the functions of various components in the circuit before we can start working, and we must not blindly practice. The author suffered from blind practice at the beginning. I once repaired a speaker for a friend, and it took two whole days because I lacked the corresponding theoretical knowledge. Not only was the horn not repaired, but more than 20 triodes and more than a dozen resistors were burned out by mail order for tens of dollars. The second is to measure the required parts one by one, so as to avoid the manufacturing failure caused by the use of inferior parts and affect the interest in learning. Third, we should form the good habit of checking before electrifying, and avoid rushing for success, so as to avoid damaging components due to welding quality problems. Fourth, after the production, we should review and summarize the whole production process, and it is best to record it to further consolidate the knowledge we have learned. The success of repeated production can not only stimulate the interest in learning electronic technology, but also consolidate and improve one's technical level unconsciously. Third, from the shallow to the deep, step by step, review the past and learn new things. After a period of hard study, most beginners can correctly analyze and deal with the electronic circuit faults of discrete components, but they are often helpless about the faults caused by internal damage of integrated circuits. Therefore, under the premise of mastering basic knowledge and skills, the focus of learning should be shifted to integrated circuits. From the author's self-study experience of electronic technology and years of maintenance experience, it is not difficult to learn and master the use and maintenance of commonly used integrated circuits as long as you understand the internal structure and external pin functions of integrated circuits and combine your own basic knowledge. In addition, many commonly used integrated circuit technical materials can be found in various electronic books and magazines. As long as you are willing to invest, subscribe and buy some e-books and magazines, it is equivalent to hiring a silent teacher for yourself. Once needed, many problems can be solved easily. As far as the author is concerned, the monthly income is around 700 yuan, but the cost of subscribing and purchasing e-books and magazines is around 400-500 per year. There are five kinds of magazines and newspapers that you subscribe to all the year round, such as electronic newsletter. E-newsletter has been with me for eight years, which has provided great help to my work and study, and has become an indispensable mentor and friend in my life and work. Learning electronic technology can start from the "small things" around you.
I fell in love with electronic technology in the early 1970s (when I was still in middle school) because I installed a radio. When I went to the countryside as an educated youth, I became an announcer of the brigade with a little skill, and played with the 150W amplifier eliminated from that commune radio station and the record player. We spent the least time as a mute, so I was rated as an advanced broadcaster by the commune. Although I studied physics after college and taught physics for several years after graduation, I never gave up my hobby and kept learning new knowledge of electronic technology, and finally became an excellent teacher of electronics major in vocational high school. I have accumulated rich practical experience for many years, and I can combine theory with practice, which is also well received by my classmates. Let's talk about "how to learn electronic technology", which is also a question I have been thinking about for many years. Let me talk about my own views here. First, get on the road by hook or by crook. Modern electronic technology is characterized by its wide application, and electronic products are filled with all fields of life. I think there are many ways to get started with modern electronic technology. It is really "all roads lead to Rome". There is no need to find a special way to get started. You can start from small production, you can start from repairing TV sets, and you can also start from repairing telephones. It is best to combine your hobbies with your life and work. Many electronic enthusiasts I have contacted started from a certain professional maintenance and spread to other fields. Second, learn by doing step by step. Nowadays, a large number of integrated circuits are used in electronic products, and new devices are constantly emerging with high technology content, which makes the starting point of learning electronic technology very high. Now, if you want to repair any large household appliances, you need to have some theoretical knowledge. If we want to chew a lot of books and learn a lot of boring theories before we start working. This is undoubtedly a severe test for beginners' perseverance and self-confidence, and their interest may gradually disappear in this process. According to the author's observation, among the students in school, those who have a good grasp of theory are often students with strong skills. They like to do things, have the courage to practice, and have a strong interest in theoretical study and skill training. Generally these students can solve some practical problems. They have applied what they have learned, tasted the sweetness of mastering this technology, and have the motivation to learn. They have the desire to improve their theoretical level and the awareness of learning. Learning and mastering theoretical knowledge, in turn, expands their application, thus entering a virtuous circle. Therefore, I think beginners should learn by doing, and start with some small applications around them, and make some simple productions, such as converting their ordinary electric irons into temperature-regulating electric irons, making a regulated power supply for their own maintenance work, and changing working desk lamps into dimming lamps. Step by step, overcome the impetuous psychology of being eager for success, do your best to do everything well, and don't give up halfway. As long as you stick to it, you will be able to get started. Third, accumulate information and read widely. Nowadays, teenagers will come into contact with many things when learning electronic technology, so they will encounter many problems. If it is not solved in time, they may feel tired of learning. Therefore, novices must pay attention to accumulating information and subscribe to some newsletters. At present, many faults of household electronic products can be found in newspapers and magazines, such as electronic communication. We might as well start repairing some machines according to the drawings, which is a "short, flat and fast" entry method. When the machine is repaired, read the theory again, sum up the maintenance ideas and find out the reasons. In this way, we can always enjoy the joy of success and constantly gain the motivation to learn. It is best for young people with conditions to study electronic technology at school, because schools can provide better learning environment and practice places, especially when they encounter problems, they can get guidance and help from teachers and classmates and get started faster. Fourth, keep pace with the times and keep learning. While emphasizing the necessity of practice, we should also clearly realize the importance of theory. With the rapid development of electronic technology, electronic and electrical products are changing with each passing day, the technical content is constantly improving, and our knowledge needs to be constantly updated. Without a solid theoretical foundation, it is impossible to keep up with the development of electronic technology. Learning electronic technology is difficult to get started, but it is not easy after getting started, because if you want to keep up with the development of electronic technology, you must keep working hard and learn new knowledge. In your study and practice, you will find endless things waiting for you. Once you step into the palace of electronic technology, you will live in a very fulfilling realm.
6. Self-study electronic technology; Several "points"
To learn electronic technology, the infrastructure must be solid. Just look at the picture, don't make mistakes, be faster and get used to it. When testing components, we should adhere to the theory to guide practice, such as measuring triode, and understand the input characteristic curve and the signal projection formed by different working points on the output characteristic curve. No matter using ordinary electric meters or plotters, we can draw accurate conclusions. Some people weld, others disassemble, and have accumulated a lot of operating experience. Practice makes perfect, and their basic skills are perfect, so they can make fewer mistakes and have high efficiency. To develop the habit of accumulating experience, we should copy down what is beneficial to us in books and newspapers and extract typical data. To learn electronic technology, we should set up an independent workshop as far as possible (whether in the factory, at home or in the maintenance workshop) to avoid the random interference of others, maintain the continuity of maintenance and reduce mistakes and accidents. Various forms of learning can deepen our understanding, but we must focus on one learning method in order to remain systematic. The knowledge you have learned should be diligently verified by practice, truly understood and turned into your own things. To learn electronic technology, we should regard constant self-improvement and endless exploration as a lifelong struggle. Collecting second-hand instruments is conducive to mastering professional knowledge. Go to the second-hand market and buy a complete set of electronic engineering equipment, from test instruments to signal systems to analysis systems, you will lay some material foundation for becoming a senior technical talent, and you can also make some inventions. Amateur production is essential to learn electronic technology well. If you fail, don't be discouraged, continue to do it every once in a while, stand up to failures and setbacks, and have the confidence to win; Success, don't stop, continue to make the next one. You should also know some related technologies, such as metal processing and plastic processing. The storage of components and tools should be classified and orderly, which is also a symbol of level and character. Make a few friends, carry out technical cooperation and experience exchange, and don't be afraid of technical difficulties and be conservative. Playing mahjong and drinking: it is difficult for addicts to learn any skills well. Only those who devote their whole lives to mass production, development and maintenance and have operated hundreds of machines can enter the free world of technology. When young people enter electronic technology, they should have a scientific attitude towards technological progress. In the face of new technology, we should face up to it positively, be calm, understand other people's articles published in newspapers and periodicals, keep reading and remember what we really don't understand. Perhaps, on another occasion, they will be enlightened and come in handy. You should be kind to master electronic technology, especially if you can't see what parts others are missing. If you take the opportunity to drive up prices, you will lose popularity and run out of technology. Everyone can help me to form a warm atmosphere, just like adding a catalyst to technological progress. In the face of colleagues who are taller than you, you should be modest and realistic. Competition among electronic enthusiasts, subjective intention, environmental guidance and supervision should all develop in a reasonable direction. People who study technology make the same progress every day, but the amount of progress every day is very different. Electronic enthusiasts should also have a more objective self-orientation and grasp the distance between ideal and reality. Please visit the video lecture on quick introduction and maintenance of electronic technology.