Ming Tombs
The Ming Tombs are located in Changping County, the northwest suburb of Beijing, surrounded by mountains on three sides, with Fiona Fang covering 65,438,000 square kilometers. In the Ming Dynasty, 13 emperors, 6 concubines' tombs and 1 princes' tombs were buried, which were collectively called the "Ming Tombs".
In the Ming Dynasty, from 1368, the capital of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang was Nanjing, to 1644, Ming Taizu Zhu Youjian hanged himself in Jingshan Park (now Jingshan Park in Beijing), and * * * succeeded to the throne 16 emperors. Among them, Zhu Yuanzhang was buried in the Ming tombs in Nanjing after his death; Wen Jian Emperor Zhu Yunwen disappeared in the battle of Jingnan, and his mausoleum became a historical mystery. Zhu Qiyu, Emperor Jingtai, died in the "change of seizing the door" in the Ming Dynasty and was buried in Jinshan, a western suburb of Beijing. The rest 13 emperors were all buried near Tianshou Mountain. From the construction of Changling Mausoleum in the seventh year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1409) to the construction of Siling Mausoleum in the first year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1644), the construction of Xiaming Mausoleum in Tianshou Mountain was almost uninterrupted for 240 years. Entering the mausoleum area from the Shinto between the Dragon and Tiger Mountains in the south of Tianshou Mountain, the burial order is: Changling (Emperor Judy), Xianling (Injong Zhu Gaochi), Jingling (Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji), Yuling (Yingzong Zhu Qizhen), Maoling (Xianzong Zhu Jianshen), Tailing (Xiaozong Zhu Shitang), Kangling (Wuzong Zhu Houzhao) and Kangling. The ancillary buildings in the mausoleum area, such as the Palace, the Dust Hall, the Sacrifice Department, the Imperial Palace Supervisor, the Sacrifice Pavilion and the Orchard, are all over the mausoleum area, which not only embodies the norms of tombs in the Ming Dynasty, but also shows the quiet style of gardens in the Ming Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Tombs used to be a heavily guarded forbidden area. In the Ming Dynasty, side walls and watchtowers were built around the mausoleum along the 10 mountain pass, which were heavily guarded day and night, sometimes reaching tens of thousands. The Daming Law once stipulated that trees, mud and stones were not allowed to be cut down in the mausoleum area, and offenders were put to death. Although it was later destroyed by fire and nature, the overall architectural pattern of the Ming Tombs and a large number of underground cultural relics are extremely rich. The folklore stories produced by the Ming Tombs are also magnificent and colorful. The tomb culture of the Ming Tombs here all shines with the brilliance of the material civilization and spiritual civilization of the Chinese nation, and at the same time, it also leaves an example of ugliness and evil in feudal society.
According to Gu's "Scenery of Changping", in July of the fifth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1407), "The queen Xu collapsed, and Zhao Yi, the minister of rites, was ordered to choose the land with the help of Liao, a geographer in Ming Dynasty. Fortunately, she was in the East Huang Tu Mountain in Changping County. And the car came to see it, called Tianshou Mountain. In May of the seventh year (1409), it was named Changling, and ... it was naturally listed as a saint, which means that it is around Changling and is the same domain. " From 1407 to 1409, it took two years to choose the mausoleum site. Does received many suggestions about the mausoleum site, but they were all rejected by Ming Taizu Judy. It is said that Xiaotangshan in Changping was originally chosen, because the surname Zhu is homophonic with "pig". Pigs are afraid of scalding, so they are useless; There is a dragon's nest in the north of Tujiaying outside the mouth. The feng shui is excellent, but it was abandoned for fear of killing pigs in Tujiaying. There is Yangshan Mountain in the southwest of Changping, and there is a village behind the mountain called "Wolf Valley", which still can't be used. Finally, Mr. Liao (the chief candidate of Ming Tombs), a geomancer in Ningdu, Jiangxi, chose the mountain in Changping County, a village with Kangjiafen in front of the mountain, Acorn Mountain in the west and Ganshuihe in the east. In addition to the geomantic omen in Huangtu Mountain, Judy personally went to investigate and thought that when the pigs arrived here, they had bran (health), acorns to eat and water to drink. Of course, these are legends and stories, but in fact, the key is determined by the topography of Huang Tu: here, surrounded by mountains, such as arches, the middle is flat and wide, with rich soil and water, and there are two mountains, Tiger Mountain and Dragon Mountain, at both ends of the southern opening of the mountain. The situation is like a dragon plate, and Huang Tu Mountain is like a big chair circle. The site of Changling chosen by Judy is in the middle of the "chair". It fully reflects that the feudal emperors in China used tombs to publicize the divine right of monarchy and geomantic omen in order to consolidate their political power.
Changling, backed by Tianshou Mountain, is the earliest building in the Ming Tombs and the largest emperor's mausoleum on the ground. The front of the mausoleum is circular, covering an area of about 6,543,800 square meters. There are three courtyards, namely Ian Gate, Ian Hall and Ming Building, with a depth of about 350 meters. Changling is built with strict materials and fine construction. Especially the Fuen Temple built of nanmu, with double eaves, 9 rooms wide and 5 rooms deep, covering an area of 1.900 square meters. 32 Jin Sinan wooden columns, about 12m high and DBH 1m, are unpretentious. The roof of the whole temple is supported by 60 nanmu pillars. Standing in the hall, you can still smell the fragrance of nanmu. This temple has become a rare and precious cultural relic among the ancient buildings in China.
In the 11th year of Yongle (14 13), the underground Xuan Palace of Changling was built, so accompanied by the second son of the emperor (Hanwang), the coffin of Queen Xu (the eldest daughter of Xu Da, Ming Taizu) who had died for six years was sent to Changling of Tianshou Mountain in Changping. In the 22nd year of Yongle (1424), he made his fifth personal expedition, and arrived in Lannamur River (now Mongolia, northeast of Lincheng) in June, and returned to Beijing due to lack of food and grass. He died in a place called Yumuchuan (now Duolun County, Inner Mongolia) in July at the age of 65. Due to his sudden death, eunuch Ma Yun and college student Yang Rong who accompanied him agreed not to send the funeral report. On the way back to Beijing, "eat and drink as usual every day." In August, he returned to Beijing. In June+February, 5438, the underground Xuangong mausoleum was reopened and Judy was buried. It is because of a secret after Judy's death that several legends have been circulating since the early Ming Dynasty. Among them, the most popular one thinks that there is no Judy's body in Changling, only a fireworks before his death. Judy chased the enemy into a cave by herself and never came out, leaving only a spear. Of course, this is just a legend.
Answer supplement
Judy's eldest son, Zhu Gaochi, was buried in Fairy Spirit, and reigned for only nine months. Last words: "Be frugal", so the overall scale of Fairy is much smaller than that of Changling. According to unofficial history's records, the seventh day of April in the first year of Hongxi (1425) coincided with the birthday of Queen Zhang in Zhonggong, namely "Millennium Festival". Guo Guifei should congratulate and propose a toast to the Queen, but the Queen won't drink it. Emperor Injong saw it and said to the queen, is this suspicious? Drink that glass of wine at once. Guo was shocked and hanged himself after returning to the palace. Soon, Injong was also very ill and died that year. Queen Zhang survived, living for over 60 years. When Zhu Zhanji, the eldest son of Injong, ascended the throne, he built Jingling himself, and its scale did not exceed that of Xianling. Among the Ming Tombs, except Changling, the larger ones are considered as Yongling and Dingling.