Climatic characteristics
Hebei province belongs to the continental monsoon climate of middle temperate zone and warm temperate zone. Its main characteristics are four distinct seasons, cold and little snow in winter and hot and rainy in summer. It is windy in spring. Autumn is crisp. The average annual temperature in most areas is 0~ 13℃. 10, the average temperature in October is 1% ~-3%, and the average temperature in July is 18~27℃. The annual precipitation is 300~800 mm.
natural resource
Hebei province is a famous hometown of resources. Many places have their own reputations. Yongnian County, Handan City, the hometown of vegetables; Wei county, the hometown of edible fungi; Lincheng County, Xingtai City. The hometown of castor; Julu County, the hometown of Lycium barbarum; Zhao County, Shijiazhuang City, the hometown of asparagus; Xinle City, the hometown of watermelon; Jizhou city, Hometown of Pepper: Jingxian County, Hometown of Sesame; Anguo city, the hometown of medicinal materials; Anxin county. The hometown of reeds: Guangyang District, Langfang City, and the hometown of honeydew melons: Wen 'an County. Hometown of miscellaneous grains; Cangxian County, Cangzhou City, the hometown of soybeans; Botou City, the hometown of Yali pear; Luanxian, the hometown of peanuts; Shanhaiguan district. The hometown of cherries; Zhuolu County, the hometown of grapes; Xuanhua county, the hometown of cyclamen.
Geographical survey
Hebei, located in the periphery of Beijing and Tianjin, is the gateway of Beijing to other places. Hebei province is named because it is located in the north of the lower reaches of the Yellow River. She faces the Bohai Sea to the east. It borders Shandong and Henan provinces in the southeast and south, Shanxi Province in the west across Taihang Mountain, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province in the northwest, north and northeast. The whole province is dominated by plains, mountains and hills, and the terrain can be divided into four areas: Hebei Plain, Zhangbei Bashang Weichang Plateau, Beishan Mountain and Xishan Mountain. Xiaowutai Mountain at the northern end of Taihang Mountain is 2882 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the province. The main rivers are Daqing River, Yongding River and Luanhe River.
transport
Hebei province has highways 1.4 million kilometers. Due to its unique geographical location, it has become the only place for Beijing to radiate the whole country, with 23 national highways. Besides. Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Kowloon, Beijing-Shenyang, Beijing-Baotou, Beijing-Shanghai, Shitai, Shide, Jingtong, Jingcheng, Jincheng and other railway lines pass through the province, making Hebei a channel connecting Northeast China and other provinces in the customs. It is also the only way for Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and the vast northwest region to reach Tianjin Port. At present, Beijing-Shijiazhuang and Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan expressways have been completed and opened to traffic, and Zhengding Airport in Shijiazhuang has become an important air transport base in the north.
General situation of economy
Hebei province has complete industrial categories and reasonable layout, mainly including textile, machinery, coal, steel, petroleum, chemistry, ceramics, building materials and other departments, and a variety of industrial products rank among the top in the country. Agriculture is relatively developed, irrigation and mechanization are high, and the land reclamation index is higher than the national average. The crops are mainly wheat, corn, cotton and millet, and the output of chestnut and pear in dried and fresh fruits ranks first in the country. The traffic is developed. Gaobeidian Baigou Market, Shijiazhuang Xinhua Market and Nansan Small Commodity Market are the major wholesale markets in China.
Cultural habituation
In terms of drama, Hebei Bangzi was formed in the Qing Dynasty. Sing a sad song; The performance is inflammatory and exaggerated, emphasizing curly hair, sleeves and other acting skills. In addition, there are folk arts such as Pingju, Xihe Drum, Laoting Drum and Tianjin Tune. In terms of food culture, Hebei has famous Raoyang mixed noodles, Tangshan honey dough twists, Baoding Huaimao pickles, Bohai prawns, Baiyangdian preserved eggs, Baoding Majia old hen braised chicken, Yecheng Palace noodles and so on.
Provincial capital: Shijiazhuang
Shijiazhuang is the capital of Hebei Province, the political, economic and cultural center, an important railway hub and one of the cotton textile industrial bases in China. Shijiazhuang City is located in the south-central part of Hebei Province, with Taihang Mountain in the west and the vast North China Plain in the east, south and north. It has jurisdiction over 6 districts, 12 counties and 5 county-level cities. Area 15722 km2, population 9.3 million. The average annual temperature in Shijiazhuang is 12.9℃, and the average annual precipitation is 566 mm. Agriculture is rich in cotton and wheat. Coal resources are abundant. Shijiazhuang railway and highway extend in all directions, and the urban layout is relatively neat. There is a semi-circular industrial zone in the northeast of the city, which is mainly engaged in textile, machinery, medicine and smelting. There is a newly-built Qiutou Industrial Zone in the southeast and southwest, which is dominated by light industry and machinery. Mainly in the oil refining and chemical industries.
Famous historical and cultural city: Baoding
Baoding is located on the Beijing-Guangzhou railway line in the middle of Hebei Province, and has jurisdiction over 3 districts, 4 cities 18 counties. The area is 22 159 square kilometers. Population10.92 million, a light industrial city in Hebei Province, and a material distribution center in central Hebei Province. Baoding has a long history and was relied on by Zhao Yan during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After Jin and Yuan made Beijing their capital, they became the capitals of the two capitals. In the Qing Dynasty, it was the capital of Zhili province. It used to be the capital of Hebei Province. Located on the alluvial fan in front of Taihang Mountain, the city is high in the west and low in the east, with an altitude of17m, and abundant groundwater reserves. Baoding has developed agriculture. Convenient transportation. Baoding is an emerging city with light industry as the main industry, with textile, machinery and chemical industry as the main industries, and food, paper, electricity, building materials and other departments have developed. The first modern chemical fiber joint enterprise and the first photosensitive material enterprise in China were built here. Baoding used to be a gathering place for literati from all directions. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, there was a special history of Wanjuanlou's collection of scriptures and a Lianchi Academy. There are many institutions of higher learning in this city, such as Hebei University and Hebei Agricultural University.
"Pearl of southern Hebei": Handan
Handan is located in the south of Hebei Province, bordering Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. Known as the pearl of southern Hebei. Handan has a long history and modern civilization, and now governs 4 districts 14 counties and Wu 'an City. Area 12087 square kilometers, population about 8.72 million. During the Warring States period, Handan entered a glorious period and developed into the political, cultural, economic and military center of Zhao State. As the national capital 158. After a short decline, it has been revitalized and prospered. Left a rich legacy to Handan. There are 1500 cultural relics and historic sites. There are only nine key cultural relics protection units in China.
Luanhe river
Luanhe River is located in the northeast of Hebei Province. It is one of the important rivers in northern China. It originated at the foot of Bayanturgu Mountain in the northwest of Fengning Manchu Autonomous County, Hebei Province, and was called Lightning River after flowing into Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. After two twists and turns, it turned back to Hebei, and was called Luanhe River after meeting with Xiaoluan River near Guojiatun. Finally, it is injected into the Bohai Sea between Laoting County and Changli County. Luanhe River has a total length of 833 kilometers and a drainage area of 44,900 square kilometers. There are many tributaries and rich water resources. Panjiakou Reservoir and Daheiting Reservoir have been built on the main stream. 1983 completed the Luanhe River Diversion Project with a total length of 234 kilometers. On average, it transports 8 1 100 million cubic meters of fresh water to Tianjin every year.
Baiyang Lake
Baiyangdian Lake, located in the middle of Hebei Province, is the largest freshwater lake and aquatic product base in Hebei Province. In Anxin, Wenwen, Renqiu, Xiongxian and other cities and counties, most of them are in Anxin. Baiyangdian Lake consists of 143 lakes, including Baiyangdian Lake and Mapeng Lake, with a total area of 336 square kilometers. It is the largest inland freshwater lake in northern China. The water surface area can reach 300 square kilometers. The whole water area is located in the middle reaches of the south branch of Daqing River. The flood discharge of 8 rivers, including Zhulong River, Tanghe River, Fuhe River, Caohe River, Waterfall River, Pinghe River, Baigou Diversion River and Xiaoyi River, is concentrated in the north, west and south, which is an important natural depression for Daqing River to slow down flood and delay drainage. Baiyangdian has vast waters and pleasant climate. Beautiful scenery, rich products, about 35 species of fish. Aquatic plants are famous for reed, water chestnut and lotus root.
Hebei opera
Hebei Bangzi, also known as Beijing Bangzi and Zhili Bangzi, is a kind of drama in Hebei Province, which was formed in the Qing Dynasty. There are adagio, 26 board, running board, reducing board and other boards, with high tone and excitement. The performance is inflammatory and exaggerated, emphasizing curly hair, sleeves and other acting skills. Before the founding of New China, it had declined. Later, The Butterfly Cup, Du Shiniang, Lotus Lantern and other plays were rearranged, which made the play have a new development.
Summer resort
The summer resort, also known as Jehol Palace or Chengde Divorce Palace, is the Qing emperor's divorce palace for summer vacation and handling state affairs. Located in the north of Chengde City. Covers an area of 5.64 million square meters. Founded in the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703), it is the largest existing royal garden in China. Chengde's natural environment has the characteristics of both south show and north show. In addition, it is close to the capital, so it was chosen by Kangxi as the North Tour Palace. In the fiftieth year of Kangxi (17 1 1), Emperor Kangxi inscribed "Summer Resort" on the noon gate in the villa, hence the name. After nearly 90 years of continuous expansion, it was finally completed in the 57th year of Qianlong (1792). There are more than 20 groups of ancient buildings such as palaces, gardens, temples, pavilions, terraces, buildings and pavilions in the park. It consists of a palace area and a garden area.
Chengde mountain resort is a masterpiece of China's classical garden art, enjoying the reputation of "the highest model of China's classical garden" and "the epitome of China's geographical form".
Beidaihe
Beidaihe is located in the southwest of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province 15km, so it is named because it wears the river in the west. Beidaihe faces the Bohai Sea to the south. It is a long and narrow coastal scenic spot, with a length of about 10 km, a width of about 2 km and an area of about 17 square km. It is bordered by Lianfeng Mountain in the north, Dahekou in the west and Eagle Corner Stone in the east. Because of its superior terrain, it was a place where boats gathered and moored as early as the Han Dynasty, and it was turned into a summer resort in the 24th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1898). More than 50 countries including Britain, Germany, Japan and the United States have villas here. Beidaihe is located by the sea and has a mild climate. The average daily temperature in midsummer is only 23℃, which is humid, cool and pleasant. The beach is gentle and vast, the sand is soft and flat, and the sea is clear. It is a summer resort. Beidaihe is neither cold in winter nor hot in summer, and there is no sandstorm in spring. In autumn, the sky is high and the clouds are light. Blue waves are boundless, crabs are full of fish maws, and melons are sweet and fruity. Here, you can watch the sunrise, the sunset glow, the spring tide during the day and the bright moon at night.
Yesanpo
Yesanpo covers an area of about 460 square kilometers and is divided into Baicaopan, Bailixia, Longmen Gorge, Fodong Pagoda, Jin Huashan, Juma River and other scenic spots. Various peaks and deep and long Baili Gorge are the characteristics here. Yesanpo, known as 72 scenic spots and 81 peaks, is a comprehensive whole of natural beauty, highlighting the word "wild". That is to climb wild mountains, see wild scenery, live in wild houses, eat wild game, play wild fun, and have the reputation of a paradise.
"The first pass in the world": Shanhaiguan
Shanhaiguan is located in the northeast of Qinhuangdao, bordering Yanshan in the north and Bohai Sea in the south. It is an important pass in the east of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (138 1), Guancheng was founded, and it was called Shanhaiguan. Shanhaiguan is the starting point of the eastern part of the Great Wall in Wan Li. Guancheng height 14m, thickness 7m, circumference 4km, square. The whole city is connected with the Great Wall of Wan Li. Among the four doors, the most ambitious and well-preserved East Gate is Zhendong, with an arrow tower on the door and an urn outside the door, and a giant plaque of "the first pass in the world" hanging high under the eaves of the arrow tower. Formed the ancient city defense system with the Great Wall as the backbone, the "first pass in the world" as the center, the main body and the left and right wings.
The Zhaozhou Bridge
Zhao Zhouqiao is called Anji Bridge, commonly known as Dashiqiao. With a length of 64.4 meters and a span of 37.02 meters, it is also the largest single-hole open-shouldered stone arch bridge in the world today. Zhao Zhouqiao has a unique architectural structure and is known as the first bridge in the world. It occupies a very important position in the history of architecture and has a far-reaching impact on the bridge construction of future generations in the world.
Qingxiling
Qing Xiling Mausoleum is located in the west of Lianggezhuang, yi county. This is a hilly area, surrounded by mountains and dense trees. In the east, there is the ruins of Xia Yan capital more than 2,300 years ago, and in the west, there is the majestic Zijingguan. North pillow towering Yongning Mountain, south to east flowing Yishui River. There are four mausoleums in the west of Qing Dynasty: Tailing Mausoleum, Changling Mausoleum, chongling Mausoleum and Houling Mausoleum. There are three imperial tombs. In addition, there are 14 Wang Huai Mausoleum, Princess Mausoleum, Argo Mausoleum and Wang Ye Mausoleum, with 4 emperors, 9 queens and 56 concubines, and 76 princes and princesses buried in * * *.
Xibaipo Revolution Memorial Hall
The former site of Xibaipo Central Committee is the location of the Central Committee and the headquarters of China People's Liberation Army in the late liberation war, and it is the last rural command post for the liberation of China. Chairman Mao once commanded three major battles here and held the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee. After the completion of the Xibaipo Revolutionary Memorial Hall, through the forms of documents, cultural relics, movies, pictures and materials, the revolutionary practice activities of the central and revolutionary leaders during the Xibaipo period were systematically and vividly reflected in stages. More than 2,000 revolutionary cultural relics have been preserved. Xibaipo is the holy land of China's revolution. Xibaipo is one of the national demonstration bases of patriotism education and a national scenic spot.
Wuling mountain
Wuling Mountain is the main peak of Yanshan Mountain, located in the northwest of Xinglong County, Hebei Province, whose real name is Fuling Mountain. In the Ming Dynasty, the naive ancient Buddha, the third generation founder of Mahayana Innocent Island Religion, regarded this mountain as the Lingshan, and in addition, it was called Wuling Mountain all the year round. Wuling Mountain was a tourist attraction in ancient times. Wuling Mountain is shrouded in fog all the year round, unpredictable and charming. It was designated by the Qing Dynasty as a forbidden area in the "Houlongfeng Waters" of the Qing Dongling. Make it a royal treasure trove of feng shui. There are many rare animals and plants living in mountainous areas, which is an important national nature reserve in Hebei Province at present.
Cangzhou iron lion
Iron lion, also known as Zhenhai, was cast by Fan Ming casting method. There are many inscriptions on the body when casting. Its casting was seven or eight hundred years earlier than the ironmaking in the United States and France, so the iron lion is a milestone in the history of world metallurgy. The iron lion is made up of hundreds of pieces of iron about 30 cm long, and it is cast by subsection superposition method. The total weight is about 40 tons, 5.3 meters high, 6.5 meters long and 3 meters wide. The iron lion's head and neck are cast with the words "Lion King". On the right, there are the words "It was cast in the third year of Da San (953)", and on the left, there are the words "Shandong Li Yunzao", and the diamond sutra is cast on the abdomen. The iron lion's chest and buttocks are decorated with belts, hanging on his shoulders and crotch, covered in mud, carrying a round iron basin with lotus flowers in it. The shape of the iron lion is very imposing, with a huge mouth, legs spread apart, running around, glaring, holding his head high and imposing.
Nihewan site
Nihewan Paleolithic Site is located in Shishali Township, 47 kilometers north-southeast of Yangyuan County, on the north bank of Sanggan River. It is a representative site of Quaternary strata designated internationally, and its research value is comparable to that of Oduwe Gorge in East Africa. It is recognized as the place of human origin in the world. It is recognized by geologists and paleontologists at home and abroad as the standard profile for stratigraphic correlation between China and other continents. The standard stratum of Nihewan recorded the evolution of the earth and the evolution history of biology and human beings from Neogene to Quaternary, which attracted great attention of experts in geology, paleontology, paleoanthropology and prehistoric archaeology at home and abroad.