Using weekends to explore nearby cultural relics and historic sites is a good way to spend time. I suddenly became interested and took action immediately. Any interest may wane or disappear over time.
Before the Qingming Festival, it is customary for the wife to return to her parents’ home to deliver burning paper. The first trip to ancient times started in the direction of Jiangxian County. Although his wife was not very interested, she accompanied him as always.
Jiangxian County is named after Jiangshan Mountain. "Jiang County Chronicles" recorded by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty records: "Jiangshan Mountain is located twenty miles northwest of the county... and is called Zijin Mountain. There is no vegetation and the soil is red, so it is named after this." Jiangshan Mountain is Zijin Mountain, located in Wenzhou. Between Xi, Jiangxian, and Quwo (Historically, Houma belonged to Quwo), the peak is called Sanxian Ding, which is the ancestral mountain of the Jin State. The history of the Jin State can be said to revolve around Jiangshan Mountain.
I have been to Feiquan and Ziyun Temple on Jiangshan Mountain before, but I have skipped them for now. Decided to go from far to near, first to see the Nanfan Stone Archway in Jiangxian County. When you go to Nanfan Town and ask around, you will know that it is easy to find. It is located in the lane of Xibao Village, Nanfan Town. The weather is very good, the sun is shining brightly, it is just like "the wind is soft and the sun is thin, but spring is early, and I am in a good mood with my shirt on". Enjoy the quiet country lanes carefully. You can't remember it with your mind, you can only rely on your camera.
The Nanfan stone archway and stele pavilion were built in the ninth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1804). Jia Zongluo, who was the director of the Shandong Yanyun Binle Branch at that time, was the grandson of Zhongxian who was the grandmother of the imperial edict. The Jiexiao Archway built by Li, the step-wife of Dr. Jia Ningduan.
The archway is made of stone and imitated wood, with six columns, five doors and three eaves on both sides. It is 12 meters high and 8.50 meters wide. Animal and flower stories, the carving craftsmanship is extremely high. There is a stele pavilion attached to the right side, which contains five stone steles. The calligraphy styles include Zhen, Cao, Li and Zhuan. The calligraphy and carving are both excellent and well preserved. In March 2013, it was announced by the State Council as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
This archway is strictly an archway. The archway is simple, usually with four pillars rising to the sky, with horizontal beams between the pillars, and no brackets or eaves to cover it. The archway is complex, with a "building" structure, with brackets and roofs, and the roofs have various styles. However, there is no difference in architectural intention between the two, so they are not strictly distinguished, but are collectively referred to as archways.
The organizational levels of archways and archways, from low to high, are imperial construction, imperial edict, enrong and imperial system. Among them, the imperial edict is the lowest level. The emperor's verbal approval is the imperial edict archway; the emperor's written imperial edict approval is the imperial edict arch. The costs of edict construction and imperial edict archways must be raised by oneself. When the emperor proactively proposed to build an archway to reward his meritorious subjects or those who have achieved remarkable deeds, the Enrong Archway was generally funded by local finance. Only the highest-level imperial archways were built with funding from the treasury.
The levels of archways and archways vary depending on the pillars. The more pillars there are, the higher the level. Only emperors' temples and mausoleums can use "six pillars, five rooms and eleven floors", while ordinary subjects can only build "four pillars, three rooms and seven floors" at most. Regardless of whether it is viewed from the front or back, the Nanfan archway has four pillars, three bays and five floors, which conforms to the shape. However, it is actually double-sided with six pillars, five doors and three eaves, which has a special shape.
Under the "Imperial Edict" card, the inscriptions are "Jingbiao", "Tong Guan Yangxiu", and "Grand Award to Li Gongren Jie Xiaofang, the stepwife of Zhongxian doctor Jia Ningrui". The inscriptions on the forehead of the side gate include "Zhenbi Junsong", "Jieqixueshui" and so on. The county annals of Jiangxian County record: "Mr. Li was the wife of Jia Ningduan, the director of the Zhanshi Mansion in Shicun. Her husband's late son Zhong Lin served as the magistrate of Jingzhou, Hubei Province. After his death, his son Zongzong Luoguan was the magistrate of Shandong Province. During the Jiaqing period, Jiexiaofang was built. ”
“Tongguan”, a pen with a red tube, was used in ancient palace women’s history, and Tongguan was used to record the deeds of the concubines. "Yangxiu" also means Xiuyang and Xian Yang. "Tongguan Yangxiu" means that it is worthy of being recorded in women's history to highlight future generations. It is a common word to praise women's virtues.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, those who were granted a title of five or more ranks were called "imperial grant", and those who were granted a title of six or lower ranks were called "imperial orders". After a person becomes an official, his father, son, and wife will often receive corresponding titles based on his or her official rank. They will not be given actual positions and will only receive a salary. This is the "title of wife and son". Obtaining a shadow seal during life is called "gaofeng", and receiving a shadow seal after death is called "gaofeng".
"Zhongxian Dafu" belonged to the fourth rank in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was a fictitious title with a salary but no real power.
Zhan Shifu is an institution for tutoring the prince of the East Palace. Zhan Shi is the third rank, and the chief clerk is a junior official of Zhan Shifu. He is the seventh rank and is in charge of official documents. Jia Ningduan conferred a posthumous imperial edict from the seventh-rank official Zhan Shifu to the fourth-rank official Zhongxian. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, after the death of an official, the emperor would grant him a false title, which was two to three levels higher than the actual official rank.
As the successor of Jia Ning Duan, the Li family raised their son to become the magistrate after her husband died early. After her son died early, she raised her grandson to become Tongzhi (Tongzhi is the deputy magistrate), so she received the imperial title.
"History of the Ming Dynasty·Official Officials One" contains: "The names of foreign women are nine: the Duke is called the wife of a certain country, the marquis is called the wife of a certain marquis, and the uncle is called the wife of a certain uncle. The first rank is called the wife, and later the first rank is called the wife. The second rank is called the wife of the first rank. Rank 3 is called Lady, rank 3 is called Shuren, rank 4 is called Gongren, rank 5 is called Yiren, rank 6 is called Anren, and rank 7 is called Ruren." Mrs. Li was called Gongren because of her husband's imperial title, which was the fourth rank of Zhongxian.
Chaibao Wenchang Tower in Nanfan Town is located near the town government. It was originally a building in the Wenchang Temple. It was built in the Ming Dynasty. It is an octagonal seven-level pavilion-style brick tower with a diameter of 5 meters and a height of 24 meters. There are door openings on each floor, and you can go up the stairs inside. There are traces of Japanese shell damage on the tower.
The special thing about this tower is that the upper and lower diameters are the same.
Dongfeng Stage, located in Dongfeng Village, Anyu Town, Jiangxian County, was built in the 40th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1612). It is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It was originally a building in the Taishan Temple. Now the temple has been destroyed. Only the stage remains. It was just renovated many years ago. It is now the location of the village committee. I found out that the villagers in the courtyard next to the house had the key, so I was able to enter.
Nanliu Taishan Temple is located about 2 miles southwest of Nanliu Village, Nanfan Town, Jiangxian County. The year of its construction is unknown. It has been repaired many times in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It now has the main hall, Taoist room, back earth hall, cow, dragon and horse. The Temple of the King, the Temple of the King of Hell, the Hutou Gate, the Temple of the Holy Mother, the Temple of Fire and the Temple of the Empress are listed as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Taishan Temple is in the wild outside the village. Fortunately, the side door next to the main gate was open. I went in on my own. There was someone at the concierge, but he didn't come out to ask.
After entering the door, you will be shocked by the tall and strong old tree with its old branches, vigorous and straight.
Taishan temples are found all over the country and are Taoist temples. They are generally dedicated to Huang Feihu, the head of the five great emperors and the Tianqi Rensheng Emperor of Dongyue Taishan. He is responsible for rewards and punishments, nobility, and affairs in the world. Other mountain gods are: Nanyue Hengshan Sitian Zhaosheng the great emperor worships the black tiger, and is in charge of hardware, metallurgy, feathers and birds; Zhongyue Songshan Zhongtian Chongsheng the great emperor hears the appointment, and is in charge of the land, mountains, rivers, and forests; Huashan gold in the Xiyue Jiang Xiong, the great emperor of Tianyuan Sage, controls the affairs of rivers, Hu Hai, and animals; Cui Ying, the great emperor of Xuansheng of Mount Antian in Beiyue, controls the affairs of stars and divisions. The Great Emperor of the Five Sacred Mountains is an ancient Chinese folk belief, originating from the worship of ancient mountains and rivers.
This kind of layout of temples in a row is rare.
The main hall is three rooms wide and four rafters deep, with a single eave hanging from the top of the mountain and a tube-tile roof. There are three large bays on the capitals under the eaves, and the capitals and intervening pavilions are placed on them. They are all five pavilions with double bottoms and grasshopper-shaped heads. Apply one flower to each tween room, but be careful when there is a 45° angle.
There was a patch of tender alfalfa under my feet, with a different focus, and I didn’t notice it at all. I was surprised that my wife came in and then went out again. It turned out that she came in with a plastic bag to pick alfalfa.
Jinxian Cemetery and Jinwen Cemetery are both at the foot of Jiangshan (Purple Mountain) and next to Qujiang Highway. Returning to Jiangxian County from Nanliu, you pass by Huaiquan Village in Nanfan Town. Jinxian Cemetery is located next to Huaiquan Village. The tomb is 100 feet high, has no temple, and has not been excavated. It is a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level.
Duke Xian of Jin, named Guizhu, moved the capital of the Jin State to "Jiang". In order to prevent the princes from causing rebellion, he killed the princes of the Jin State, which led to the "Jin without princes" and the rule of officials with different surnames. situation. He reigned for twenty-six years, conquered Li Rong, Geng, Huo, Wei and other countries, defeated Di Rong, falsely attacked Guo and destroyed Yu and Guo. History said that he "merged seventeen countries and conquered thirty-eight countries." , greatly expanded the territory of Jin. He doted on Li Ji, forced Prince Shen Sheng to death, and forced Chong'er and Yi Wu away. After his death, the Jin Dynasty was in chaos for more than ten years.
After I entered the village, I inquired about the location of the tomb. The villagers pointed at it and I sighed. He is indeed a king of a great country, and the tomb is just a hill.
It was difficult to find this monument in the grass on the hillside. It was erected in 1962 and was engraved with "Cultural Relics Protection Mark: Jinxian Cemetery" and an introduction.
Continue two and a half miles to the lower village of Weizhuang Town and stop. Not far from the highway is the Jinwen Cemetery, which can be seen from the roadside.
Duke Wen of Jin (697 BC - 628 BC), named Chong'er, was the second son of Duke Xian of Jin. He lived in exile for 19 years, and later returned to Jin with the help of Duke Mu of Qin to restore the country. He reigned for 9 years and was one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. Chong'er's sister married Duke Mu of Qin. After Duke Xian of Jin died, Duke Mu of Qin asked the prince Qin Kang to send his uncle Chong'er back to Jin to restore the country. From this, there is a poem "Weiyang" in the Book of Songs: "I sent my uncle's family to Weiyang. "Why should I give it to my uncle?" This poem became the ancestor of farewell poems for later generations. The poem "Weiyang" expresses the friendship between nephew and uncle and expresses Qin Kanggong's longing for his deceased mother. "Weiyang" later became the nickname for his uncle.
Go two and a half miles to Zhangshang Village, Weizhuang Town, and go up to Donghua Mountain from here. According to legend, when Xiao Agarwood "split the mountain to save his mother", he swung the axe of the mountain gods to bloom the day flowers, and the peak split. Half of it stayed in Huayin County, Shaanxi Province, which is Xiyue Huashan Mountain, and the other half flew 400 miles and landed in Jiangxian County, which is Donghua Mountain. Mountain. ?
There is Dongshan Temple on the top of the mountain. There are Yuhuang Temple, Caishen Temple, Guandi Temple, Guanyin Temple, Yaowang Temple, Sanqing Temple, Wuyue Temple, Dragon King Temple and Niangniang Temple, etc., which are very popular. , every year during the temple fair on the 10th to 20th day of the third lunar month, there are even more tourists and pilgrims.
The Hunyuan Tower in the courtyard was first built in the Northern Wei Dynasty, more than 1,500 years ago.
At the foot of the mountain is the Taiyin Temple in Zhangshang Village. The temple was built in the Yonghui period of the Tang Dynasty (AD 650). In 2001, the State Council announced the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
The "Headquarters" of the "Zhaocheng Jinzang" carving project is at Tianning Temple in Jinglin Mountain, Jiezhou. However, according to the "Taiyin Temple Stele Renovated by the Master of the Carving Sutra" stored in Taiyin Temple in Jiangxian County: "The number of "He set up a courtyard in Xintian, Yicheng, and Gujiang to carve and carve the Tripitaka editions." This shows that many temples, including Taiyin Temple, worked together to carve the Buddhist scriptures. Sutra version of "Zhao Cheng Jin Zang".
In the Jin Dynasty Relics Hall, the old door plaque is a bit big and looks very uncoordinated. I think it may be that the hall used to be very large, but when it was rebuilt it was smaller, but the leftover door plaque was used.
There is a 4-meter-long, single-wood golden statue of the Nirvana Reclining Buddha carved in the hall. It is the earliest and largest wooden reclining Buddha in existence in my country. As a result, even though Taiyin Temple is located in a corner of southern Shanxi, it was listed as a national key protected cultural relic in 2001. The main hall was once used as a grain store and cannot be entered casually. The wood carvings of the Reclining Buddha from the Jin Dynasty and the furnishings in the hall have been preserved.
The Changchun Temple in Dongjingxia Village, Chencun Town, Jiangxian County was built in the seventh year of Yanyou (1320) in the Yuan Dynasty. Currently, only the Jade Emperor Hall of the Yuan Dynasty and the Sanqing Hall (Xian Hall) of the Qing Dynasty remain. , side hall and east corridor, were included in the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units in March 2013.
The Jade Emperor Hall is three rooms wide, four rafters deep, and has a single eaves hanging from the top of the mountain. Four thick wooden pillars are placed on the front eaves, and thick logs are supported on the wooden pillars to pass through the forehead. Five dougongs are placed on the forehead to form a double lower bracket, and a single flower is placed in the middle. The main hall has a simple structure and large materials, with typical architectural features of the Yuan Dynasty.
The site of Wagon City is located on the mountainside next to Nancheng Village, 4 kilometers south of Jiangxian County. Some people think that the carriage city is "Jiang", the capital of the Jin Dynasty, in the 8th year of the 8th century, but I don't agree. The Jin State was in a period of rise at that time. Under the offensive strategy, the country could not be confined to the mountainside. The location and construction of the carriage city showed that it was defensive; in addition, the scale of the carriage city was not large, which was not consistent with the national power status of the Jin State at that time.
This should be a place called "Ju", that is, Juyi, where Duke Xian of Jin gathered to kill a group of young men. "Zuo Zhuan" records: "(In the spring of the twenty-fifth year) Jin Shi Jiang ordered all the princes to kill all the You family members, so they gathered in the city. In winter, the Jin marquis gathered around and killed all the princes." "Minutes of Fang Yu" It contains: "Ju is the carriage city ten miles southeast of today's Jiangxian County."
In June 2016, the Wagon City site was announced by the Shanxi Provincial People's Government as the fifth batch of provincial cultural relics protection units.
Remains of the city wall
There is a natural round pit in the north of the Carriage City, commonly known as "Fixed Tuo". It is surrounded by high cliffs and has a small gap facing a deep ditch, forming a natural desert. It is said to be the prison where Duke Xian of Jin surrounded and killed a group of young men. There is a monument beside it. ?
This is the entrance to "Jiang Tuo".
Looking down from the entrance
"Jiangjiantuo" is a natural prison with high cliffs on three sides and a deep ravine on the other.