The military imperial examinations in Qing dynasty were divided into children's examinations, township examinations, general examinations and palace examinations from low to high. The examinations at all levels are generally held once every three years, and the contents of the examinations are similar, but the standards are different and the competitiveness of the players is different.
Today, people see different martial arts movies and love stories. In the Qing Dynasty, there was no arena in the martial arts imperial examination, and there was no fist-to-fist fight or weapon contest between the candidates. The main test is the strength of the candidates, their archery and swordsmanship.
The lowest level is the children's test, and Wu Xiucai is a successful candidate. In the children's test, those who miss the target with three arrows while riding and archery are eliminated; Stand on the ground and shoot five arrows. Those who miss the target or only hit one arrow are eliminated. "At that time, candidates in Zhuanghe area had to take their children's exams. Xiuyan had no school places and needed to be sent to other counties."
"The second level is after having obtained the examination, and the winner is Wu. According to the regulations of the Qing Dynasty, martial arts students from all provinces had to take the provincial capital after having obtained the provincial examinations, but all martial arts students from Fengtianfu had to take the provincial examinations in Shuntianfu (now Beijing). At that time, Fengtianfu was in charge of the' people' (non-Eight Banners population) affairs in counties of Liaoning Province. "
According to the data, the rural examination in Wu Ke is divided into three competitions. In the first game, shoot arrows immediately and set three targets on the roadside. Every target is 35 steps away. Candidates shoot nine arrows vertically three times, and those who hit two arrows are qualified. The second test is archery on the flat ground. The original system was that candidates fired at a distance of 80 steps, and later fired at a distance of 50 steps because of accommodating candidates' ability. * * * made nine arrows, and three arrows were qualified.
Candidates who pass archery will then take part in competitions such as opening a hard bow, dancing a knife and throwing stones (lifting huge stones). Hard bow 12 force (10 kg is one force), 10 force, 8 force No.3, and bows with 12 force or more. Candidates can choose their own bow number, limited to three times, and each time they are full. There are three kinds of knives: 80kg,100kg and120kg. Knives must have patterns on the front and back. There are 200 kg, 250 kg and 300 kg of stones, so it is necessary to lift the boulder between the chest and abdomen, and then expose the left and right sides of the bottom of the boulder once with the help of the strength of the abdomen, which is called "sacrificial seal", and it will be qualified once completed. According to the regulations, candidates must have two grades of bow, knife and stone, and those who have more than two of the three grades are unqualified, so they are disqualified from three exams.
In the third exam, the provincial governors gave questions. In the 12th year of Jiaqing (1807), most of the candidates were able to write Jason Wu in dictation, including Sun Zi, Woods, Sima Fa, Liao Weizi, Li Jing, Three Views of Huang Shigong and Jiang Taigong.
The unified examination is the same as the provincial examination, held in Beijing, and the senior high school entrance examination is Wu Jinshi. After passing the examination, people who have obtained the qualification of Wu Jinshi are divided into three classes through palace examination, which is called "the top three". In the 19th year of Jiaqing (18 14), when the court exam was held in China, the emperor personally read the arrow in Ziguangge and the bow, knife and stone in the arrow pavilion. There are three people in the first place, namely, the champion, and the second place, Tanhua. Its name is the same as that of Wen Jinshi, and it was given to Wu Jinshi, and the third place was given to Wu Jinshi. The first place, the top ten, the second place and the third place were all decided by the emperor himself. The list was sent by the Ministry of War and hung outside the West Chang 'an Gate in Beijing. (From Zhang Chuanjun)
Do you see the difficulty of this exam? Just like you upgrade your driver's license now. You have to take the level one exam. In that era when information and transportation were underdeveloped, there were no mobile phones, no cars and no watches. In case of road problems, weather, or the wrong date, missing the exam time, or not finding the examination room, it may lead to failure in the exam, and you have to walk so far with dozens of kilograms of weapons on your back. Such perseverance and determination can't be compared with ordinary people.
Here is a very interesting story, which is widely circulated in our hometown. Jiang Lieyang, the younger brother of Qing Dynasty, practiced martial arts during Tongzhi period, and his kung fu was the best. The machete he practiced weighed 38 Jin more than Guan Gong's Qinglong crescent moon blade. Legend has it that after the three became famous, the whole family celebrated with wine, and there was an interesting couplet on the gate: Chun Xuan and Mao Lao Jia Yi; The number of Tang Dilian boats has increased by three. Horizontal batch: Deng Mei Magpie. In the first part of the couplet, "Chun Xuan is thriving" means that his parents are alive, and "Old Plus One" means that he has two mothers. The "Tang Di Lian Fang" in the second couplet means that he and his boss were born by an aunt; "Less three more" means that the third child was born to the second mother. The cross-examination of "Magpie to Mei" is about Jiang Lieyang's examination of Wu Jinshi. Jiang Lieyang used a 120 Jin broadsword when he took an examination of Wu Jinshi. He immediately stepped down with one arm and two shoulders and worked skillfully. However, due to mental stress, 100 Jin broadsword suddenly flew out. Seeing that fame and fortune were hopeless, he used his quick wits, bent down and twisted his body, kicked the broadsword that was about to fall to the ground into the air, and then continued to wave it. In this way, he passed the exam of Wu Jinshi. Then the examiner asked him, "What is the name of this gesture of kicking a knife?" He replied, "This is a unique skill. It's called Magpie Dengmei." This couplet not only explains his family situation, but also tells the whole story about his failure in the examination room and turning the corner. It can be said that it is a perfect match.
Here I want to focus on this broadsword. In fact, I have never seen this broadsword since I was born, but many people near my home have said that they have. There used to be many calligraphy and paintings and porcelain vases in our family, all of which were antiques, but they were all burnt to pieces for various reasons. I guess that's when the broadsword was lost. Guan Gong's dragon crescent moon blade was recorded as 4 1 kg in the book, but in the Ming Dynasty, one kilogram was equivalent to the current 1.3 kg. Because the author Luo Guanzhong was from the Ming Dynasty, I think it should be calculated according to the weights and measures of the Ming Dynasty, that is, 82 kilograms in the book is equivalent to 98 kilograms today, while Jiang Lieyang's broadsword is 38 kilograms heavier than Qinglong Crescent Moon Blade, that is, 136 kilograms, which is equivalent to the weight of an adult.
In our hometown zhuanghe city Xianren Cave, there is also a well-known legend. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Hong Zhen, a member of the five juries in Zhejiang Province, traveled by boat, drifted to an island in the gale and was rescued by a northbound ship. He went to Liaodong Peninsula and swam to Longhua Mountain in Xianren Cave. He was attracted by the scenery here, so he turned it into a place for cranes forever. According to legend, monk Hongzhen cultivated land on the mountain and cultivated 365 mu successively. A piece of land was used for a day. If there is no harvest in a field that year, a group of monks will not eat one day. Therefore, all the disciples worked hard and never slacked off. In the later period, Hong Zhen simply meditated in the cave on the precipice, and his disciples provided food with ropes every day, which was decreasing day by day. Finally, they couldn't get in any more. On his way back to his hometown, Jiang Lieyang met an old monk Hongzhen. Hong Zhen said that he had gone to Beijing for business. There was a pair of boots in the cave where he meditated before he left. Please tell your disciples that when the rainy season comes, Jiang Jinshi should be properly placed so as not to get wet.
Jiang Jinshi came back and sent a message up the mountain. His disciples were frightened and said that Master Hongzhen had been out of body for many days. When Jiang Jinshi came to Hongzhen's meditation cave, he found a pair of boots ... Since then, the story of Hongzhen becoming immortal has spread, and Prajna Cave has gradually become a fairy cave in people's mouths. (from the screen name, a sigh in a thousand years)